Tag: M.W=100-150

Karami, Thomas K. published the artcileEyes on Lipinski′s Rule of Five: A New “”Rule of Thumb”” for Physicochemical Design Space of Ophthalmic Drugs, Formula: C8H18O, the main research area is ophthalmic drug delivery physicochem design space solubility; ocular permeability thermodn property; formulation; ocular permeability; ophthalmic drug delivery; physicochemical design space; solubility.

The study objective was to investigate mol. thermodn. properties of approved ophthalmic drugs and derive a framework outlining physicochem. design space for product development. Unlike the methodol. used to obtain mol. descriptors for assessment of drug-like properties by Lipinski′s Rule of 5 (Ro5), this work presents a retrospective approach based on in silico anal. of mol. thermodn. properties beyond Ro5 parameters (ie, free energy of distribution/partitioning in octanol/water, dynamic polar surface area, distribution coefficient, and solubility at physiol. pH) by using 145 marketed ophthalmic drugs. The study′s focus was to delineate inherent mol. parameters explicitly important for ocular permeability and absorption from topical eye drops. A comprehensive parameter distribution anal. on ophthalmic drugsâ€?mol. properties was performed. Frequencies in distribution analyses provided groundwork for physicochem. parameter limits of mol. thermodn. properties having impact on corneal permeability and topical ophthalmic drug delivery. These parameters included free energy of partitioning (ΔGo/w) calculated based on thermodn. free energy equation, distribution coefficient at physiol. pH (clog DpH7.4), topol. polar surface area (TPSA), and aqueous solubility (Sint, SpH7.4) with boundaries of clog DpH7.4 â‰?4.0, TPSA â‰?250 Å2, ΔGo/w â‰?20 kJ/mol (4.8 kcal/mol), and solubility (Sint and SpH7.4) â‰?1 μM, resp. The theor. free energy of partitioning model streamlined calculation of changes in the free energy of partitioning, Δ(ΔGo/w), as a measure of incremental improvements in corneal permeability for congeneric series. The above parameter limits are proposed as “”rules of thumb”” for topical ophthalmic drugs to assess risks in developability.

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Formula: C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Khatouri, M. published the artcileEffect of hydrophobically modified PEO polymers (PEO-dodecyl) on oil/water microemulsion properties: in vitro and in silico investigations, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5, the main research area is hydrophobically modified PEO polymer oil water microemulsion property.

Microemulsions are excellent systems for transdermal delivery of multifunctional drugs because they have the potential to improve drug absorption/permeation and handling limitations. Biocompatible polymers are used as a coating of microemulsions to avoid the interactions that can occur between the microemulsions and the skin. Thus, they protect and lubricate these transporter nanovesicles. In this paper, we studied decane/water microemulsions covered with hydrophobically modified PEO polymer (PEO-m). To reveal the effect of hydrophobically modified PEO (PEO-m) polymer on the shape, the micro-arrangement and the dynamics of the microemulsions, we used an integrated strategy combining Mol. Dynamics simulation (MD), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering experiments (SANS), and the Ornstein-Zernike integral equations with the Hypernetted Chain (HNC) closure relation. We determined the microemulsion shape in vitro using the renormalized intensities spectra from SANS experiments We discussed the micro arrangements of microemulsions, in vitro and in silico, employing the pair correlation function g(r) and the structure factor S(q), obtained from the three approaches with good agreement. Thus, we used the validated MD simulations to calculate the microemulsion’s dynamics properties that we discussed using the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and the diffusion coefficients We found that the presence of moderate quantities of PEO-m, from 4 to 12 PEO-m per microemulsion, does not influence the microemulsion shape, increases the stability of the microemulsion, and slightly decrease the dynamics. Our in vitro and in silico results suggest that polymer incorporation, which has interesting in vivo implications, has no disadvantageous effects on the microemulsion properties.

RSC Advances published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kini, Girish published the artcilePassive enhancement of ammonia-water absorption by the addition of surfactants, Quality Control of 111-87-5, the main research area is ammonia water absorption surfactant.

Surface-active agents or surfactants have the potential to substantially enhance heat and mass transfer in ammonia-water absorption by reducing the surface tension of the working fluid. The enhancement is caused by interfacial turbulence at the vapor-liquid interface that results from surface tension gradients. A surfactant selection criterion is developed based on the plateau value of surface tension, critical concentration, and the critical Marangoni number required to initiate interfacial turbulence. Based on this criterion, surface-active agents, and their ideal concentrations for the enhancement of ammonia-water absorption are recommended. The preferred additives are found to be 500 PPM of 1-octanol or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. A heat and mass transfer model is developed to predict the performance of a falling-film absorber due to the addition of surfactants at conditions representative of an absorption heat pump. The model indicates that the overall conductance of the absorber is improved by �0% by the addition of surfactants. The results from this work can guide intensification of various coupled heat and mass transfer processes using surfactants.

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Quality Control of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chauhan, Devendra Kumar published the artcileAluminum toxicity and aluminum stress-induced physiological tolerance responses in higher plants, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is review aluminum toxicity stress plant nutrient; ABC transporters; ALMT malate; Acidic soil; MATE citrate; Nramp; aluminum toxicity; marker-assisted breeding programs; tolerance.

Aluminum (Al) precipitates in acidic soils having a pH < 5.5, in the form of conjugated organic and inorganic ions. Al-containing minerals solubilized in the soil solution cause several neg. impacts in plants when taken up along with other nutrients. Moreover, a micromolar concentration of Al present in the soil is enough to induce several irreversible toxicity symptoms such as the rapid and transient over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in oxidative bursts. In addition, significant reductions in water and nutrient uptake occur which imposes severe stress in the plants. However, some plants have developed Al-tolerance by stimulating the secretion of organic acids like citrate, malate, and oxalate, from plant roots. Genes responsible for encoding such organic acids, play a critical role in Al tolerance. Several transporters involved in Al resistance mechanisms are members of the Aluminum-activated Malate Transporter (ALMT), Multidrug and Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE), ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC), Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), and aquaporin gene families. Therefore, in the present review, the discussion of the global extension and probable cause of Al in the environment and mechanisms of Al toxicity in plants are followed by detailed emphasis on tolerance mechanisms. We have also identified and categorized the important transporters that secrete organic acids and outlined their role in Al stress tolerance mechanisms in crop plants. The information provided here will be helpful for efficient exploration of the available knowledge to develop Al tolerant crop varieties. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology published new progress about Acid soils. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Saha, B. published the artcileEnhanced exudation of malate in the rhizosphere due to AtALMT1 overexpression in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) confers increased aluminium tolerance, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is acidic soil aluminum toxicity blackgram citrate malate; AtALMT1 acidic soil aluminum toxicity blackgram citrate malate; Acidic soil; aluminium toxicity; blackgram; citrate; malate.

Worldwide, 50% of soil is acidic, which induces aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants, as the phyto-availability of Al3+ increases in acidic soil. Plants responds to Al3+ toxicity by exuding organic acids into the rhizosphere. The organic acid responsible for Al3+ stress response varies from species to species, which in the case of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is citrate. In blackgram, an Arabidopsis malate transporter, AtALMT1, was overexpressed with the motive of inducing enhanced exudation of malate. Transgenics were generated using cotyledon node explants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The putative transgenics were initially screened by AtALMT1-specific genomic DNA PCR, followed by quant. PCR. Two independent transgenic events were identified and functionally characterized in the T3 generation. The transgenic lines, Line 1 and 2, showed better root growth, relative water content and chlorophyll content under Al3+ stress. Both lines also accounted for less oxidative damage, due to reduced accumulation of ROS mols. Photosynthetic efficiency, as measured in terms of Fv/Fm, NPQ and Y(II), increased when compared to the wild type (WT). Relative expression of genes (VmSTOP1, VmALS3, VmMATE) responsible for Al3+ stress response in blackgram showed that overexpression of a malate transporter did not have any effect on their expression. Malate exudation increased whereas citrate exudation did not show any divergence from the WT. A pot stress assay found that the transgenics showed better adaptation to acidic soil. This report demonstrates that the overexpression of a malate transporter in a non-malate exuding species improves adaptation to Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil without effecting its stress response mechanism.

Plant Biology (Berlin, Germany) published new progress about Acid soils. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stankova, Pavla published the artcileAdaptation of mitochondrial substrate flux in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is mitochondrial substrate flux nonalcoholic fatty liver disease adaptation animal; mitochondria; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; oxidative phosphorylation; respirometry.

Maladaptation of mitochondrial oxidative flux seems to be a considerable feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this work was to induce NAFLD in mice fed a Western-style diet (WD) and to evaluate liver mitochondrial functions. Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6J mice fed with a control diet or a WD for 24 wk. Histol. changes in liver and adipose tissue as well as hepatic expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes and proteins were evaluated. The mitochondrial respiration was assessed by high-resolution respirometry. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring lipoperoxidation, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species level. Feeding mice a WD induced adipose tissue inflammation and massive liver steatosis accompanied by mild inflammation and fibrosis. We found decreased succinate-activated mitochondrial respiration and decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the mice fed a WD. The oxidative flux with other substrates was not affected. We observed increased ketogenic capacity, but no impact on the capacity for fatty acid oxidation We did not confirm the presence of oxidative stress. Mitochondria in this stage of the disease are adapted to increased substrate flux. However, inhibition of SDH can lead to the accumulation of succinate, an important signaling mol. associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Adaptation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dai, Yingjie published the artcileNew use for spent coffee ground as an adsorbent for tetracycline removal in water, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5, the main research area is SCG adsorbent tetracycline removal water adsorption wastewater treatment; Hydrogen bond; Hydrophobic interaction; Oxygen-containing functional groups; Removal ratio; π–π interaction.

Spent coffee grounds (SCG-1 and SCG-2) were used to study the adsorption of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics and the effects of adsorption time, initial pH, amount of adsorbent and ionic strength were detected. The TC adsorption isotherm on SCG-1 was compared with SCG-2. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of TC (50 mg/L) of SCG-1 and SCG-2 were 83.1% and 97.2%, resp., shake for 2 h. The probability of adsorption is high and balances in about 20 min. The estimate of parameters got for TC from the Langmuir isotherm saturated adsorption quantity and adsorption balance constant were 64.89 mg/g, 0.0557 L/mg, resp. for SCG-1 and 123.46 mg/g, 0.4735 L/mg, resp. for SCG-2. The adsorption mechanism might be a π-π interaction that occurs in the interface by hydrogen bonding and the between the TC mol. and the SCGs. At last, we found that SCG has a high adsorption size for TC.

Chemosphere published new progress about Adsorbents. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pereao, Omoniyi published the artcileAdsorption of Ce3+ and Nd3+ by diglycolic acid functionalized electrospun polystyrene nanofiber from aqueous solution, Computed Properties of 110-99-6, the main research area is cerium neodymium adsorption diglycolate functionalized electrospun polystyrene nanofiber wastewater.

Highly selective and stable ligands with fast kinetics for rare earth element extraction are not well developed. Durable attachment of ligands to the support would make regeneration possible. Polystyrene nanofiber supports (PS-nF) were prepared using the electrospinning method. Thereafter, PS-nf were chem. modified with diglycolic anhydride (DGA) to produce novel electrospun polystyrene diglycolic acid nanofiber (PS-DGAnf) adsorbents. The immobilization reaction proceeded via an electrophilic aromatic substitution of the ligand onto the PS nanofiber. The maximum gravimetric loading of DGA on PS nanofiber was 0.827 g g-1. The unmodified and modified nanofibers were characterized by ATR-FTIR, HR-SEM, BET and TGA. After optimizing pH, time and concentration, the equilibrium adsorption and binding kinetics of cerium (Ce3+) and neodymium (Nd3+) ions on the nanofibers surface were examined at pH 6. The adsorption capacity of PS-DGAnf for Ce3+ and Nd3+ at pH 6.0 was 152.5 mg g-1 (1.09 mmol/g) and 146.2 mg g-1 (1.01 mmol/g) resp. Selectivity of Ce3+ over Ni2+, Co2+ and Sr3+ was also studied at pH 6. The amount of Ce3+ adsorbed even in the presence of interfering ions was 100.3 mg g-1, which was only a little lower than 119.4 mg g-1 obtained in a single ion solution The rapid adsorption kinetics of Ce3+ and Nd3+ ions were achieved within 15 mins. The desorption and regeneration was carried out with 1 M nitric acid and the developed PS-DGAnf adsorbent could be reused for 4 cycles without any substantial loss to its adsorption abilities.

Separation and Purification Technology published new progress about Adsorbents. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 110-99-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mech, Paulina published the artcileWhen biomolecules meet 2-hydrazinopyrazine: from theory through experiment to molecular levels using a wide spectrum of techniques, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is hydrazinopyrazine structure physicochem cytotoxic property.

The design of drug structures that are non-toxic, easily transported and permeable to cellular barriers is currently one of the most growing research trends. Indeed, the structural similarity of 2-hydrazinopyrazine (2HP) to pyrazinamide, which has been successfully used in anti-tuberculosis therapy, makes 2HP a promising research object. Thus, herein, a complete anal. of the structure of 2HP and its physicochem. and cytotoxic properties was performed. Calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies were conducted, which demonstrated the higher affinity of 2HP to BSA. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests were performed, which proved that 2HP was non-toxic to human skin keratinocyte cells. Accordingly, 2HP was initially classified as a compound with potential application. Physicochem. investigations were performed using a wide range of experiments, which were supported by DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional and 6-311+G** basis set. The good correlation, high quality and correctness of the obtained parameters were proven although the data was obtained using independent techniques. Addnl., 42 tautomeric (prototrophic) forms of 2HP were found by searching the conformational hyperspace. The most energy stable 2HP conformer structure and the partial charge distribution were established. The preferred 2HP ionic forms preferred were presented, and models of the equilibrium occurring in aqueous solution were proposed. The hydrophilic character of 2HP was established based on the partition coefficient values determined by both experiment and theory. The PCM and SMD solvent models of water and n-octanol were used.

RSC Advances published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Huang, Lijie published the artcilePreparation and properties of cassava residue cellulose nanofibril/cassava starch composite films, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cellulose nanofibril cassava starch nanocomposite film preparation property; cassava residue; cassava starch; cellulose nanofibril; composite film; modified; nanocomposite.

Because of its non-toxic, pollution-free, and low-cost advantages, environmentally-friendly packaging is receiving widespread attention. However, using simple technol. to prepare environmentally-friendly packaging with excellent comprehensive performance is a difficult problem faced by the world. This paper reports a very simple and environmentally-friendly method. The hydroxyl groups of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were modified by introducing malic acid and the silane coupling agent KH-550, and the modified CNF were added to cassava starch as a reinforcing agent to prepare film with excellent mech., hydrophobic, and barrier properties. In addition, due to the addition of malic acid and a silane coupling agent, the dispersibility and thermal stability of the modified CNFs became significantly better. By adjusting the order of adding the modifiers, the hydrophobicity of the CNFs and thermal stability were increased by 53.5% and 36.9% ± 2.7%, resp. At the same time, the addition of modified CNFs increased the tensile strength, hydrophobicity, and water vapor transmission coefficient of the starch-based composite films by 1034%, 129.4%, and 35.95%, resp. This material can be widely used in the packaging of food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medical consumables.

Nanomaterials published new progress about Absorption. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts