Tag: M.W=100-150

Lee, Hyun-Jung published the artcilePerformance improvement of slot-die-deposition based perovskite solar cells using diglycolic acid additives, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is diglycolic acid slot die deposition perovskite solar cell.

In slot-die-coating process, novel approaches for better perovskite film formation were continuously required. Here, we studied additive processes for better slot-die-processed perovskite fabrication. As a novel additive, we introduced diglycolic acid (DA) material having a carboxyl group, well known as an effective functional group. With adding optimal amount of DA in the perovskite precursor solution, device efficiency and stability were all improved; DA-based perovskite device showed the best PCE of 14.63%. Moreover, the DA-based devices showed superior long-term stability guaranteeing 80% of initial efficiency during 95 days.

Materials Letters published new progress about Annealing. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Torres, Maria J. published the artcileIntracardiac administration of ephrinA1-Fc preserves mitochondrial bioenergetics during acute ischemia/reperfusion injury, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is ischemia reperfusion injury intracardiac ephrinA1 mitochondrial bioenergetics; Cardioprotection; Mitochondrial bioenergetics; Myocardial infarction; ephrinA1.

Herein, 10 wk-old B6129SF2/J male mice were exposed to acute ischemia/reperfusion injury immediately followed by intracardiac injection of either EphrinA1-Fc or IgG-Fc. After 24 h of reperfusion, sections of the infarct margin in the left ventricle were imaged via transmission electron microscopy, and mitochondrial function was assessed in both permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria, to examine mitochondrial structure, function, and energetics in the early stages of repair. At a structural level, EphrinA1-Fc administration prevented the I/R-induced loss of sarcomere alignment and mitochondrial organization along the Z disks, as well as disorganization of the cristae and loss of inter-mitochondrial junctions. Preservation of cardiac bioenergetics was not due to changes in mitochondrial JH2O2 emitting potential, membrane potential, ADP affinity, efficiency of ATP production, or activity of the main dehydrogenase enzymes, suggesting that EphrinA1-Fc indirectly maintains respiratory function via preservation of the mitochondrial network. Moreover, these protective effects were lost in isolated mitochondria, further emphasizing the importance of the intact cardiomyocyte ultrastructure in mitochondrial energetics. Collectively, these data suggest that intracardiac injection of EphrinA1-Fc protects cardiac function by preserving cardiomyocyte structure and mitochondrial bioenergetics, thus emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy in I/R injury.

Life Sciences published new progress about Apoptosis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Feng, Mi published the artcileDirect conversion of shrimp shells to O-acylated chitin with antibacterial and anti-tumor effects by natural deep eutectic solvents, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is shrimp shell acylated chitin antibacterial antitumor deep eutectic solvent.

To obtain O-acylated chitin from shrimp shells directly, the used solvent should have multiple functions to remove calcium carbonate, protein, and acylated chitin. Herein, we use the acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) with the ability to release H+ and various hydrogen bonding sites to achieve the above goal. The involved NADESs with three abilities of decalcification, deproteinization and acylation replaced acids, alkalis, catalysts, and acylation reagents in the conventional method. The exptl. results revealed that the components of the NADESs, experiment temperature and time played key roles in the purity and degree of substitution (DS) of O-acylated chitin. Meanwhile, the ratio of shrimp shells to NADESs and a small amount of water had little effect on the preparation of O-acylated chitin. With the optimal NADES (choline chloride/DL-malic acid 1 : 2, ChCl 1-DL Mal 2) treatment under the optimal conditions, the purity of O-malate chitin reached 98.6% with a DS of 0.46, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-tumor effects. The exptl. results showed that the removal of calcium carbonate and protein and acylation of chitin were carried out simultaneously. Mechanistic exploration using spectroscopy and experiments confirmed that H+ release from ChCl 1-DL Mal 2 was the main reason for the removal of calcium carbonate and initiation acylation reaction. The protein was degraded to amino acids because of the acidity of ChCl 1-DL Mal 2 and dissolved in the NADES due to hydrogen bonding formation with ChCl 1-DL Mal 2.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Acylation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Van Damme, Ryan published the artcileChemical reversible crosslinking enables measurement of RNA 3D distances and alternative conformations in cells, Synthetic Route of 110-99-6, the main research area is RNA 3D measurement reversible crosslinking cell conformation.

Three-dimensional (3D) structures dictate the functions of RNA mols. in a wide variety of biol. processes. However, direct determination of RNA 3D structures in vivo is difficult due to their large sizes, conformational heterogeneity, and dynamics. Here we present a method, Spatial 2-Hydroxyl Acylation Reversible Crosslinking (SHARC), which uses chem. crosslinkers of defined lengths to measure distances between nucleotides in cellular RNA. Integrating crosslinking, exonuclease (exo) trimming, proximity ligation, and high throughput sequencing, SHARC enables transcriptome-wide tertiary structure contact maps at high accuracy and precision, revealing heterogeneous RNA structures and interactions. SHARC data provide constraints that improves Rosetta-based RNA 3D structure modeling at near-nanometer resolution Integrating SHARC-exo with other crosslinking-based methods, we discover compact folding of the 7SK RNA, a critical regulator of transcriptional elongation. These results establish a strategy for measuring RNA 3D distances and alternative conformations in their native cellular context.

Nature Communications published new progress about Acylation. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 110-99-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gerdt, Philipp published the artcileAlternating Terpolymers through Cyclopolymerization and Subsequent Orthogonal Functionalization, Quality Control of 22483-09-6, the main research area is alternating terpolymer cyclopolymn orthogonal functionalization; Alternating Polymerization; Orthogonal Functionalization; Postmodification; RAFT Polymerization; Radical Polymerization.

A method for the synthesis of functionalized alternating copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization was developed. Copolymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer of hexenyl vinyl ether with a novel fluorinated divinyl monomer yields alternating cyclopolymers that can be chemoselectively modified by three distinct orthogonal functionalization reactions. Along the thiol-ene click reaction and amidation, a third functionalization was achieved via NHC-catalyzed transesterification or acylation resulting in a small library of ABC-type alternating terpolymers.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Acylation. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Quality Control of 22483-09-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

D’souza, Kenneth published the artcileWhey peptides stimulate differentiation and lipid metabolism in adipocytes and ameliorate lipotoxicity-induced insulin resistance in muscle cells, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is whey peptide lipid adipocyte lipotoxicity insulin resistance muscle cell; PPAR; adipocytes; differentiation; insulin resistance; lipolysis; lipotoxicity; metabolism; mitochondria; myocytes; whey peptides.

Deregulation of lipid metabolism and insulin function in muscle and adipose tissue are hallmarks of systemic insulin resistance, which can progress to type 2 diabetes. While previous studies suggested that milk proteins influence systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin function, it remains unclear whether bioactive peptides generated from whey alter lipid metabolism and its accumulation in muscle and adipose tissue. Therefore, we incubated murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 myotubes with a whey peptide mixture produced through pepsin-pancreatin digestion, mimicking peptides generated in the gut from whey protein hydrolysis, and examined its effect on indicators of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Whey peptides, particularly those derived from bovine serum albumin (BSA), promoted 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation in accordance with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) upregulation. Whey/BSA peptides also increased lipolysis and mitochondrial fat oxidation in adipocytes, which was associated with the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). In C2C12 myotubes, whey but not BSA peptides ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance, which was associated with reduced inflammation and diacylglycerol accumulation, and increased sequestration of fatty acids in the TG pool. Taken together, our study suggests that whey peptides generated via pepsin-pancreatin digestion profoundly alter lipid metabolism and accumulation in adipocytes and skeletal myotubes.

Nutrients published new progress about Adipocyte. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Huan published the artcileSigma-1 receptor ablation impedes adipocyte-like differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is sigma 1 adipocyte differentiation embryonic fibroblast; Adipogenic induction; Body weight gain; Mouse embryonic fibroblast; Sigma-1 receptor.

The sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is a unique ligand-operated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein without any mammalian homolog. It has long been a pharmacol. target for intervention of psychiatric disorders, and recently garnered refreshed interest for its neuroprotective potential. Though reported to modulate various intracellular events, its influence on cell identity is little known. We explored a role for Sig1R in adipocyte differentiation. We induced adipogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with a differentiation medium. MEFs were isolated from Sigmar1-/- and Sigmar1+/+ mice. The induced adipocyte-like phenotype was detected through Western blots of master transcription factors (PPARγ, CEBPA, SREBP1, SREBP2), lipogenic proteins (FABP4, ACC1, ACAT2), and Oil-Red-O staining of lipids. We found that the induced upregulation of these proteins and lipid accumulation were severely mitigated in Sigmar1-/- (vs Sigmar1+/+) MEFs. Sig1R activation with a selective agonist (PRE084) increased Sig1R protein and further enhanced the induced adipocyte-like phenotype in Sigmar1+/+ MEFs. We also determined mouse body weight gain induced by high-fat diet for 6 mo, which was impeded in Sigmar1-/- (vs Sigmar1+/+) male mice. In summary, genetic ablation of Sig1R impairs, and agonist activation of Sig1R enhances adipocyte-like phenotype of induced MEFs. In vivo, Sig1R ablation impedes the body weight gain of male mice on high-fat diet. This study warrants further investigation of a previously unrecognized role for Sig1R in adipocyte differentiation.

Cellular Signalling published new progress about Adipocyte. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quek, Lake-Ee published the artcileDynamic 13C Flux Analysis Captures the Reorganization of Adipocyte Glucose Metabolism in Response to Insulin, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is metabolome insulin glucose metabolism adipocyte dynamic carbon flux analysis; Biological Sciences; Flux Data; Metabolic Flux Analysis; Metabolomics.

Cellular metabolism is dynamic, but quantifying non-steady metabolic fluxes by stable isotope tracers presents unique computational challenges. Here, we developed an efficient 13C-tracer dynamic metabolic flux anal. (13C-DMFA) framework for modeling central carbon fluxes that vary over time. We used B-splines to generalize the flux parameterization system and to improve the stability of the optimization algorithm. As proof of concept, we investigated how 3T3-L1 cultured adipocytes acutely metabolize glucose in response to insulin. Insulin rapidly stimulates glucose uptake, but intracellular pathways responded with differing speeds and magnitudes. Fluxes in lower glycolysis increased faster than those in upper glycolysis. Glycolysis fluxes rose disproportionally larger and faster than the tricarboxylic acid cycle, with lactate a primary glucose end product. The uncovered array of flux dynamics suggests that glucose catabolism is addnl. regulated beyond uptake to help shunt glucose into appropriate pathways. This work demonstrates the value of using dynamic intracellular fluxes to understand metabolic function and pathway regulation.

iScience published new progress about Adipocyte. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Winter, Klaus published the artcileEcophysiology of constitutive and facultative CAM photosynthesis, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is review Kalanchoe crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis; Hatiora ; Kalanchoe ; Portulaca ; Acidity; carbon assimilation; evolution; facultative CAM; ontogeny; photosynthesis; photosynthetic intermediate.

In plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), CAM photosynthesis almost always occurs together with C3 photosynthesis, and occasionally with C4 photosynthesis. Depending on species, ontogeny, and environment, CAM input to total carbon gain can vary from values of <1% to 100%. The wide range of CAM phenotypes between and within species is a fascinating example of functional diversity and plasticity, but poses a significant challenge when attempting to define CAM. CO2 gas exchange experiments designed for this review illustrate key patterns of CAM expression and highlight distinguishing features of constitutive and facultative CAM. Furthermore, they help to address frequently recurring questions on CAM terminol. The functional and evolutionary significance of contrasting CAM phenotypes and of intermediate states between extremes is discussed. Results from a study on nocturnal malate accumulation in 50 species of Aizoaceae exposed to drought and salinity stress suggest that facultative CAM is more widespread amongst vascular plants than previously thought. Journal of Experimental Botany published new progress about Aizoaceae. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Uslu, Hasan published the artcileExtraction of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Solutions Using Tri-n-octylphosphine Oxide and Dioctylamine in Different Solvents, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is propionic acid extraction TOPO dioctylamine mixture solvent.

This work examines the reactive extraction of propionic acid, a promising liquid-liquid extraction technique, using tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or dioctylamine (DOA) diluted with eight different solvents (n-octane, Me iso-Bu ketone (MIBK), 1-octanol, Et Me ketone, diisobutyl ketone, n-decane, di-Et sabecate, 1-decanol) at 298.15 K to determine the most efficient mixture for the extraction processes. A phosphorous-based extractant, TOPO, has been chosen for the extraction tests since it has low water solvency and is more ecol. agreeable than the amine-type extractants. Among the other amine extractants reported in reactive extraction studies, there is no study on propionic acid extraction using DOA in the literature. Phys. extraction experiments with pure solvents were also performed to analyze the effect of TOPO and DOA on the extraction process. Distribution coefficients, loading factors, and extraction yields of the processes were determined for the explanation of the results. It was concluded that the addition of TOPO or DOA to the organic phase significantly improves the extraction of propionic acid from its aqueous media. The extraction of propionic acid, using the binary solutions of TOPO/diluent or DOA/diluent, improves with an increase in the initial TOPO or DOA concentration The highest extraction yield, E% = 98.01, was achieved with the DOA + Me iso-Bu ketone (MIBK) extractant system (1.652 mol kg-1), with a distribution coefficient of KD= 49.352; thus, the use of the DOA/methyl iso-Bu ketone system in the organic phase is suggested for the propionic acid extraction methods.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Extraction. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts