Tag: M.W=100-150

Feliciano, Patricia R. published the artcileStructural and Biochemical Investigations of the [4Fe-4S] Cluster-Containing Fumarate Hydratase from Leishmania major, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cluster 4Fe4S containing fumarate hydratase Leishmania crystal structure.

Class I fumarate hydratases (FHs) are central metabolic enzymes that use a [4Fe-4S] cluster to catalyze the reversible conversion of fumarate to S-malate. The parasite Leishmania major, which is responsible for leishmaniasis, expresses two class I FH isoforms: mitochondrial LmFH-1 and cytosolic LmFH-2. In this study, we present kinetic characterizations of both LmFH isoforms, present thirteen crystal structures of LmFH-2 variants, and employ site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the enzyme’s mechanism. Our kinetic data confirm that both LmFH-1 and LmFH-2 are susceptible to oxygen-dependent inhibition, with data from crystallog. and ESR spectroscopy showing that oxygen exposure converts an active [4Fe-4S] cluster to an inactive [3Fe-4S] cluster. Our anaerobically-conducted kinetic studies reveal a preference for fumarate over S-malate. Our data further reveal that single alanine substitutions of T467, R421, R471, D135, and H334 decrease kcat 9-fold to 16,000-fold without substantially affecting Km, suggesting that these residues function in catalytic roles. Crystal structures of LmFH-2 variants are consistent with this idea, showing similar bidentate binding to the unique iron of the [4Fe-4S] cluster for substrate S-malate as observed in wild type FH. We further present LmFH-2 structures with substrate fumarate and weak inhibitors succinate and malonate bound in the active site, and the first structure of an LmFH that is substrate-free and inhibitor-free, the latter showing increased mobility of the C-terminal domain. Collectively, these data provide insight into the mol. basis for the reaction catalyzed by LmFHs, enzymes that are potential drug targets against leishmaniasis.

Biochemistry published new progress about Crystal structure. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bardestani, Raoof published the artcileThe investigation of stoichiometry and kinetics of cerium (IV) solvent extraction from sulfate medium by Cyanex 272 and 301 using single drop column, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is cerium solvent extraction sulfate medium stoichiometry kinetics Cyanex.

In the present study, the solvent extraction of cerium (IV) from sulfate medium was investigated by Cyanex 272 and 301. The main objective was to increase our understanding of the behavior of analogous extractants, but different in donor atom, which were achieved by batch and kinetics investigations. This allows better selection of extractants for similar approaches in future works. The investigation of extraction kinetics using single drop columns provides this work with a simpler approach in term of overall procedure for the separation of cerium ions from aqueous solutions, which allows finding how exptl. conditions control the rate of reaction. The effects of parameters such as pH, extractant concentration, organic to aqueous volume, and temperature were studied under batch conditions. The complete extraction of 200 mg L-1 Ce (IV) at pH of 4 was obtained either by Cyanex 272 or 301 diluted in kerosene. Results shows that regarding the structural substitution of oxygen with sulfur, Cyanex 272 has a better performance in a lower concentration, while Cyanex 301 shows higher extraction percentage at lower pH. The extraction by Cyanex 272 and 301 was exothermic and endothermic, resp. Results of reaction kinetics revealed that by considering the correction of droplets residence time, the rate of extraction either by Cyanex 272 or 301 is independent of the height of the column. Thus, the effects of extractants and cerium concentrations along with the pH of aqueous solution allowed finding the rate of extraction The cerium mass flux increased by droplet diameter, indicating the contribution of mass diffusion in the extraction

Chemical Engineering Research and Design published new progress about Kerosene Role: NUU (Other Use, Unclassified), USES (Uses). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Isaacs-Ten, Anna published the artcileMetabolic Regulation of Macrophages by SIRT1 Determines Activation During Cholestatic Liver Disease in Mice, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is cholestatic liver disease autophagy SIRT1 macrophage metabolic regulation; Cholestasis; Inflammasome; Macrophages; Metabolism; SIRT1.

Inflammation is the hallmark of chronic liver disease. Metabolism is a key determinant to regulate the activation of immune cells. Here, we define the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a main metabolic regulator, in controlling the activation of macrophages during cholestatic liver disease and in response to endotoxin. We have used mice overexpressing SIRT1, which we treated with i.p. lipopolysaccharides or induced cholestasis by bile duct ligation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were used for mechanistic in vitro studies. Finally, PEPC-Boy mice were used for adoptive transfer experiments to elucidate the impact of SIRT1-overexpressing macrophages in contributing to cholestatic liver disease. We found that SIRT1 overexpression promotes increased liver inflammation and liver injury after lipopolysaccharide/GalN and bile duct ligation; this was associated with an increased activation of the inflammasome in macrophages. Mechanistically, SIRT1 overexpression associated with the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway that led to increased activation of macrophages, which showed metabolic rewiring with increased glycolysis and broken tricarboxylic acid cycle in response to endotoxin in vitro. Activation of the SIRT1/mTOR axis in macrophages associated with the activation of the inflammasome and the attenuation of autophagy. Ultimately, in an in vivo model of cholestatic disease, the transplantation of SIRT1-overexpressing myeloid cells contributed to liver injury and fibrosis. Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the regulation of macrophages during cholestatic disease and the response to endotoxin, in which the SIRT1/mTOR crosstalk regulates macrophage activation controlling the inflammasome, autophagy and metabolic rewiring.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology published new progress about Apoptosis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kaithal, Akash published the artcileRuthenium(II)-catalyzed β-methylation of alcohols using methanol as C1 source, Computed Properties of 111-87-5, the main research area is methylated alc green preparation regioselective; alc methanol methylation ruthenium catalyst.

Selective introduction of Me branches into the carbon chains of alcs. could be achieved with low loadings of ruthenium precatalyst [RuH(CO)(BH4)(HN(C2H4PPh2)2)] (Ru-MACHO-BH) using methanol both as methylating reagent and as reaction medium. A wide range of structurally divers alcs. was β-methylated with excellent selectivity (>99 %) in fair to high yields (up to 94 %) under standard conditions for generation of methylated primary alcs. RCH(Me)CH2OH [R = Me, Ph, 4-MeOC6H4, etc.] and secondary alcs. such as ArCH(OH)CH(Me)2 [Ar = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 2-naphthyl, etc.] and turnover numbers up to 18,000 could be established. The overall reaction rate of complex catalytic network appeared to be governed by interconnection of individual subcycles through availability of reactive intermediates. The synthetic procedure opened pathways to important structural motifs following green chem. principles.

ChemCatChem published new progress about Green chemistry. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Computed Properties of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Klacsova, Maria published the artcileThermodynamic and structural study of DMPC-alkanol systems, Quality Control of 111-87-5, the main research area is thermodn structural property dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine alkanol system DSC.

The thermodn. and structural behaviors of lamellar dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-alkanol (abbreviation DMPC-CnOH, n = 8-18 is the even number of carbons in the alkyl chain) systems were studied by using DSC and SAXD/WAXD methods at a 0-0.8 CnOH : DMPC molar ratio range. Up to n ≤ 10 a significant biphasic effect depending on the main transition temperature tm on the CnOH concentration was observed Two breakpoints were revealed: turning point (TP), corresponding to the min., and threshold concentration (cT), corresponding to the end of the biphasic tendency. These breakpoints were also observed in the alkanol concentration dependent change in the enthalpy of the main transition ΔHm. In the case of CnOHs with n > 10 we propose a marked shift of TP and cT to very low concentrations; consequently, only increase of tm is observed A partial phase diagram was constructed for a pseudo-binary DMPC-C12OH system. We suggest a fluid-fluid immiscibility of the DMPC-C12OH system above cT with a consequent formation of domains with different C12OH contents. At a constant CnOH concentration, the effects of CnOHs on ΔHm and bilayer repeat distance were found to depend predominantly on the mismatch between CnOH and lipid chain lengths. Observed effects are suggested to be underlined by a counterbalancing effect of interchain van der Waals interactions and head-group repulsion.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Bilayer films. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Quality Control of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Almasi, Mohammad published the artcileDensities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures Containing Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and (C6-C10) 1-Alkanol, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is density viscosity solubility methyl isobutyl ketone alkanol binary mixture.

In the present study, to identify the governing intermol. interactions in the binary mixtures of Me iso-Bu ketone (MIBK) and 1-alkanols (1-hexanol up to 1-decanol), exptl. values of d. and viscosity at temperatures (293.15 to 323.15 K) were reported. Excess molar volumes (VmE) and viscosity deviations (Δη) for mentioned binary mixtures were calculated and correlated by the Redlich-Kister polynomial expansions. It was found that increasing the alkyl chain of alc. boosts the strength of intermol. forces. Also, to obtain more information about the governing forces in the binary mixtures, values of Hansen solubility parameter distance between two mols., Ra, were calculated, and based on the obtained results, the tendency of alc. to dissolve in the MIBK media was discussed.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Binary mixtures, liquid. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Almasi, Mohammad published the artcileMeasurement of the Density and Viscosity of Diisopropyl Ether and 1-Alkanol Mixtures at Various Temperatures, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is density viscosity diisopropyl ether binary mixture alkanol pentanol decanol.

The current study was aimed to investigate intermol. forces in six binary associating systems containing diisopropyl ether (DIPE) and normal alcs. (1-pentanol to 1-decanol) at 293.15-323.15 K. The d. and viscosity of binary fluids were measured, and excess functions and partial volumes were calculated Excess volumes and deviation in the viscosity are neg. for all the above solutions Intermol. forces in mixtures are adjusted by mol. packing, dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding. According to the findings, lengthening the alc. chain increases intermol. forces between mols. of different types. Most d. and viscosity values are new and have not been reported in scientific papers yet.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Binary mixtures, liquid. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Belleggia, Luca published the artcileUnravelling microbial populations and volatile organic compounds of artisan fermented liver sausages manufactured in Central Italy, Product Details of C4H10OS, the main research area is artisan liver sausage fermentation volatile organic compound microbial population; Debaryomyces hansenii; Latilactobacillus sakei; Liver; Metataxonomic analysis; Traditional product.

The aim of the present study was to obtain information on the occurrence of bacteria and eumycetes in ready-to-eat fermented liver sausages manufactured by 20 artisan producers located in the Marche Region (Italy). To this end, culture-dependent analyses and metataxonomic sequencing were carried out. Physico-chem. parameters and volatilome of the fermented liver sausages were also studied. Finally, the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was also assessed via real-time-RT-(q)PCR assays. Active microbial populations mainly represented by lactic acid bacteria, enterococci, coagulase-neg. cocci, and eumycetes were detected. Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and sulfite-reducing anaerobes were not detected in most of the samples. Latilactobacillus sakei dominated in all the analyzed samples, reaching abundances up to 80%. Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus equorum were also detected. Among minority bacterial taxa, Weissella spp., Leuconostoc spp., Macrococcus caseolyticus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Staphylococcus succinus, Lactobacillus coryniformis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactococcus garviae, Psychrobacter spp., and Carnobacterium viridans were detected. The mycobiota was mainly composed by Debaryomyces hansenii that was present in all samples at the highest frequency. Among minority fungal taxa, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Kurtzmaniella zeylanoides, Candida spp., Yamadazyma spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Yarrowia spp., and Starmerella spp. were detected. Interestingly, associations between some taxa and some physico-chem. parameters were also discovered. The absence of HEV in all the samples attested a high level of safety. Finally, most of the VOCs detected in the analyzed fermented liver sausages belonged to six classes as: terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, alcs., esters, and acids. Nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, phenols, hydrocarbons, lactones, furans, and aromatic hydrocarbons were also identified. Several significant relationships were observed between mycobiota and VOCs.

Food Research International published new progress about Alcohols Role: ANT (Analyte), FFD (Food or Feed Use), ANST (Analytical Study), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Product Details of C4H10OS.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lin, Li-Yun published the artcileVolatile Variation Theobroma cacao Malvaceae L. Beans Cultivated in Taiwan Affected by Processing via Fermentation and Roasting, Synthetic Route of 505-10-2, the main research area is Theobroma cacao Malvaceae bean fermentation roasting processing volatile variation; amino acids; cocoa bean flavors; fats and fatty acids; fermentation; pyrazine and esters; roasting; triacylglycerols; volatile changes.

After being harvested, cacao beans are usually subjected to very complex processes in order to improve their chem. and phys. characteristics, like tastefulness with chocolate characteristic flavors. The traditional process consists of three major processing stages: fermentation, drying, and roasting, while most of the fermentation is carried out by an on-farm in-box process. In Taiwan, we have two major cocoa beans, the red and the yellow. We proposed that the major factor affecting the variation in tastes and colors in the finished cocoa might be the difference between cultivars. To uncover this, we examined the effect of the three major processes including fermentation, drying and roasting on these two cocoa beans. Results indicated that the two cultivars really behaved differently (despite before or after processing with fermentation, drying, and roasting) with respect to the patterns of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, and arachidonic); triacylglycerols:1,2,3-trioleoyl-glycerol (OOO); 1-stearoyl-2,3-oleoyl-glycerol (SOO); 1-stearoyl-sn-2-oleoyl-3-arachidoyl- glycerol (SOA); 1,3-distearyol-sn-2-oleoyl-glycerol (SOS); organic acids (citric, tartaric, acetic, and malic); soluble sugars (glucose and fructose); amino acids; total phenolics; total flavonoids; and volatiles. Our findings suggest that to choose specific processing conditions for each specific cocoa genotype is the crucial point of processing cocoa with consistent taste and color.

Molecules published new progress about Alcohols Role: ANT (Analyte), FFD (Food or Feed Use), ANST (Analytical Study), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Synthetic Route of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ji, Xiang published the artcileSynthesis of 1,2-Dihydroisoquinolines by a Modified Pomeranz-Fritsch Cyclization, Name: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is trifluoromethanesulfonamide trimethylsilyl triflate regioselective Pomeranz Fritsch cyclization; dihydroisoquinoline preparation.

Isoquinolines (IQs) and their derivatives are present in many natural products and biol. active small mols. Herein, we report a modified procedure for the classical Pomeranz-Fritsch protocol, which expands the scope of 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline (DHIQ) products. 1,2-DHIQs are an attractive branch point for the synthesis of IQs, but because of their innate reactivity, they have remained difficult to prepare We demonstrate that the Fujioka/Kita conditions, combining trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) and an amine base, activate dimethylacetals required for Pomeranz-Fritsch cyclization under sufficiently mild conditions to prepare a broad range of 1,2-DHIQ products. We also demonstrate the synthetic value of these DHIQs by further functionalization to either reduced tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) or fully aromatized IQ natural products.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Pomeranz-Fritsch cyclization (regioselective). 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Name: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts