Tag: M.W=100-150

Di Nottia, Michela published the artcileA homozygous MRPL24 mutation causes a complex movement disorder and affects the mitoribosome assembly, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is movement disorder MRPL24 mutation mitoribosome; MRPL24; Mitochondrial disorders; Mitochondrial protein synthesis; Mitoribosomes; Molecular modeling; Movement disorder; Protein interactions; Zebrafish.

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein large 24 (MRPL24) is 1 of the 82 protein components of mitochondrial ribosomes, playing an essential role in the mitochondrial translation process. We report here on a baby girl with cerebellar atrophy, choreoathetosis of limbs and face, intellectual disability and a combined defect of complexes I and IV in muscle biopsy, caused by a homozygous missense mutation identified in MRPL24. The variant predicts a Leu91Pro substitution at an evolutionarily conserved site. Using human mutant cells and the zebrafish model, we demonstrated the pathol. role of the identified variant. In fact, in fibroblasts we observed a significant reduction of MRPL24 protein and of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and IV subunits, as well a markedly reduced synthesis of the mtDNA-encoded peptides. In zebrafish we demonstrated that the orthologue gene is expressed in metabolically active tissues, and that gene knockdown induced locomotion impairment, structural defects and low ATP production The motor phenotype was complemented by human WT but not mutant cRNA. Moreover, sucrose d. gradient fractionation showed perturbed assembly of large subunit mitoribosomal proteins, suggesting that the mutation leads to a conformational change in MRPL24, which is expected to cause an aberrant interaction of the protein with other components of the 39S mitoribosomal subunit.

Neurobiology of Disease published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (COXIV). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Ning published the artcileIdentification of the carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism genes responsible for Brix in tomato fruit by transcriptome and metabolome analysis, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is carbohydrate organic acid metabolism Brix tomato fruit transcriptome metabolome; TCA cycle; carbohydrate; fruit brix; metabolic; organic acid; tomato; transcriptome.

Sugar and organic acids not only contribute to the formation of soluble solids (Brix) but also are an essential factor affecting the overall flavor intensity. However, the possible metabolic targets and mol. synthesis mechanisms remain to be further clarified. UHPLC-HRMS (ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog. and high-resolution mass spectrometry) combined with comparative transcriptome anal. were performed in fruits at green ripe (S1), turning-color (S2), and red ripe (S3) stages of two tomato genotypes TM-1 (Solanum galapagense L., LA0436) and TM-38 (S. lycopersicum L. cultivar M82, LA3475) that vary in fruit Brix. The fruit Brix of TM-1 was nearly twice that of TM-38 at S3. Nevertheless, TM-1 accumulated 1.84- and 2.77-fold the L-malic acid and citric acid in red ripe fruit (S3) compared with TM-38, resp. D-glucose and D-fructose in TM-1 and TM-38 fruits tended to be similar at S3. Concomitantly, the sugar/organic acid ratio of TM-38 fruits were 23. 08-, 4. 38-, and 2.59-fold higher than that of TM-1 fruits at S1, S2, and S3, resp. Among starch and sucrose (carbohydrate, CHO) metabolism (ko00500) genes, SUS (Solyc07g042550.3) and BAM (Solyc08g077530.3) were pos. (r = 0.885-0.931) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. Besides, INV (Solyc09g010080.3 and Solyc09g010090.5.1), AAM (Solyc04g082090.3), 4-α-GTase (Solyc02g020980.2.1), BGL2 (Solyc06g073750.4, Solyc06g073760.3, and Solyc01g081170.3), TPS (Solyc01g005210.2 and Solyc07g006500.3), and TPP (Solyc08g079060.4) were neg. (r = -0.823 to -0.918) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. The organic acid (TCA cycle) metabolism (ko00020) gene ALMT (Solyc01g096140.3) was also neg. (r = -0.905) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. Citric acid may play a more dominant role in the sugar/organic acid ratio of the tomato fruit, and the contribution of both L-malic acid and citric acid to the fruit Brix was much greater than that of D-glucose and D-fructose. Genes involved in CHO and TCA metabolism, which have a significant correlation with the sugar/organic acid ratio were considered to be the contributing factors of fruit Brix.

Frontiers in Genetics published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (AAM). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jeong, Da Min published the artcileGenomic features, aroma profiles, and probiotic potential of the Debaryomyces hansenii species complex strains isolated from Korean soybean fermented food, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Debaryomyces hansenii soybean fermented food genomics aroma probiotic potential; Debaryomyces spp.; Fermented soy sauce; Flavor profile; Halotolerance; Immunomodulatory activity; Whole-genome sequencing.

Fermented soybean products are gaining attention in the food industry owing to their nutritive value and health benefits. In this study, we performed genomic anal. and physiol. characterization of two Debaryomyces spp. yeast isolates obtained from a Korean traditional fermented soy sauce “”ganjang””. Both Debaryomyces hansenii ganjang isolates KD2 and C11 showed halotolerance to concentrations of up to 15% NaCl and improved growth in the presence of salt. Ploidy and whole-genome sequencing analyses indicated that the KD2 genome is haploid, whereas the C11 genome is heterozygous diploid with two distinctive subgenomes. Interestingly, phylogenetic anal. using intron sequences indicated that the C11 strain was generated via hybridization between D. hansenii and D. tyrocola ancestor strains. The D. hansenii KD2 and D. hansenii-hybrid C11 produced various volatile flavor compounds associated with butter, caramel, cheese, and fruits, and showed high bioconversion activity from ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, a characteristic flavor compound of soybean products. Both KD2 and C11 exhibited viability in the presence of bile salts and at low pH and showed immunomodulatory activity to induce high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The safety of the yeast isolates was confirmed by analyzing virulence and acute oral toxicity. Together, the D. hansenii ganjang isolates possess physiol. properties beneficial for improving the flavor and nutritional value of fermented products.

Food Microbiology published new progress about Bile salts Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Foong, Choon Pin published the artcileEngineered mutants of a marine photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacterium with increased volumetric productivity of polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastics, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mutagenesis polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastic Rhodovulum; Rhodovulum sulfidophilum; biopolymer; fluorescence-activated cell sorting; genome-wide mutagenesis; microbial cell factory; strain improvement.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are green and sustainable bioplastics that could replace petrochem. synthetic plastics without posing environmental threats to living organisms. In addition, sustainable PHA production could be achieved using marine photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSBs) that utilize natural seawater, sunlight, carbon dioxide gas, and nitrogen gas for growth. However, PHA production using marine photosynthetic PNSBs has not been economically feasible yet due to its high cost and low productivity. In this work, strain improvement, using genome-wide mutagenesis coupled with high-throughput screening via fluorescence-actived cell sorting, we were able to create Rhodovulum sulfidophilium mutants with enhanced volumetric PHA productivity, with an up to 1.7-fold increase. The best selected mutants (E6 and E6M4) reached the stationary growth phase 1 day faster and accumulated the maximum PHA content 2 days faster than the wild type. Maximizing volumetric PHA productivity before the stationary growth phase is indeed an addnl. advantage for R. sulfidophilum as a growth-associated PHA producer.

ACS Synthetic Biology published new progress about Fluorescence-activated cell sorting. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vanherwegen, An-Sofie published the artcileVitamin D controls the capacity of human dendritic cells to induce functional regulatory T cells by regulation of glucose metabolism, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is vitamin D human DCs T cell glucose metabolism regulation; 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3); Dendritic cells; Immunometabolism; PFKFB4; Regulatory T cells; Tolerogenicity.

Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) instruct regulatory T cells (Tregs) to dampen autoimmunity. Active vitamin D3 (1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1a,25(OH)2D3) imprints human monocyte-derived DCs with tolerogenic properties by reprogramming their glucose metabolism Here we identify the glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) as a critical checkpoint and direct transcriptional target of 1a,25(OH)2D3 in determining the tolDC profile. Using tracer metabolomics, we show that PFKFB4 activity is essential for glucose metabolism, especially for glucose oxidation, which is elevated upon 1a,25(OH)2D3 exposure. Pharmacol. inhibition of PFKFB4 reversed the 1a,25(OH)2D3-mediated shift in metabolism, DC profile and function, as determined by expression of inhibitory surface markers and secretion of regulatory cytokines and factors. Moreover, PFKFB4 inhibition in 1a,25(OH)2D3-treated DCs blocked their hallmark capacity to induce suppressive Tregs. This work demonstrates that alterations in the bioenergetic metabolism of immune cells are central to the immunomodulatory effects induced by 1a,25(OH)2D3.

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published new progress about CD14 antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Yu published the artcileEffects of Organic Acids on the Release of Fruity Esters in Water: An Insight at the Molecular Level, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is ester organic acid mol interaction hydrogen bond; aroma release; density functional theory; esters; intermolecular interaction; odour detection threshold; organic acids.

It is well known that organic acids (OAs) could affect the flavor of fruit juices and beverages. However, the mol. mechanism of aroma release is still unclear. In this study, the effects of citric acid (CA), L-(-)-malic acid (MA) and L-lactic acid (LA) on the release of six selected esters and their sensory perception were investigated by means of HS-GC-MS analyses and odor detection threshold determination, resp. Meanwhile, the d. functional theory (DFT) calculation was employed to explore the interaction modes between esters and OAs. HS-GC-MS analyses showed that the concentration and the type of OAs regulated the release of esters. The results were basically consistent with the detection threshold change of those esters. The DFT calculation suggested that the main intermol. interaction was hydrogen bonds, and several esters could form a ternary ring structure with OAs through hydrogen bonds. The interactions can induce the different release behaviors of esters in OAs water solution The number of carboxyl functional groups in OAs and the spatial conformation of esters appeared to influence the magnitude of the interaction. The above results demonstrated the mechanism of OAs affecting the release of esters and indicated a possible flavor control way by using different OAs and OA concentrations

Molecules published new progress about Hydrogen bond. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Miazzi, Fabio published the artcileOptimization of insect odorant receptor trafficking and functional expression via transient transfection in HEK293 cells, HPLC of Formula: 505-10-2, the main research area is odorant receptor functional expression insect mammalian cell; Drosophila melanogaster ; HCN1; odorant receptors; rhodopsin.

Insect odorant receptors (ORs) show a limited functional expression in various heterologous expression systems including insect and mammalian cells. This may be in part due to the absence of key components driving the release of these proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and directing them to the plasma membrane. In order to mitigate this problem, we took advantage of small export signals within the human HCN1 and Rhodopsin that have been shown to promote protein release from the endoplasmic reticulum and the trafficking of post-Golgi vesicles, resp. Moreover, we designed a new vector based on a bidirectional expression cassette to drive the functional expression of the insect odorant receptor coreceptor (Orco) and an odor-binding OR, simultaneously. We show that this new method can be used to reliably express insect ORs in HEK293 cells via transient transfection and that is highly suitable for downstream applications using automated and high-throughput imaging platforms.

Chemical Senses published new progress about Bacteriocyte. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, HPLC of Formula: 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ji, Hongying published the artcileHigh oil accumulation in tuber of yellow nutsedge compared to purple nutsedge is associated with more abundant expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol storage, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is oil bioaccumulation signaling fatty acid triacylglycerol metabolism tuber Cyperus; Cyperus esculentus; Cyperus rotundus; Fatty acid synthesis; Oil accumulation; RubisCO bypass; Transcriptional control; Triacylglycerol storage; Tuber.

Yellow nutsedge is a unique plant species that can accumulate up to 35% oil of tuber dry weight, perhaps the highest level observed in the tuber tissues of plant kingdom. To gain insight into the mol. mechanism that leads to high oil accumulation in yellow nutsedge, gene expression profiles of oil production pathways involved carbon metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, triacylglycerol synthesis, and triacylglycerol storage during tuber development were compared with purple nutsedge, the closest relative of yellow nutsedge that is poor in oil accumulation. Compared with purple nutsedge, high oil accumulation in yellow nutsedge was associated with significant up-regulation of specific key enzymes of plastidial RubisCO bypass as well as malate and pyruvate metabolism, almost all fatty acid synthesis enzymes, and seed-like oil-body proteins. However, overall transcripts for carbon metabolism toward carbon precursor for fatty acid synthesis were comparable and for triacylglycerol synthesis were similar in both species. Two seed-like master transcription factors ABI3 and WRI1 were found to display similar transcript patterns but were expressed at 6.5- and 14.3-fold higher levels in yellow nutsedge than in purple nutsedge, resp. A weighted gene co-expression network anal. revealed that ABI3 was in strong transcriptional coordination with WRI1 and other key oil-related genes. These results implied that pyruvate availability and fatty acid synthesis in plastid, along with triacylglycerol storage in oil bodies, rather than triacylglycerol synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum, are the major factors responsible for high oil production in tuber of yellow nutsedge, and ABI3 most likely plays a critical role in regulating oil accumulation. This study is of significance with regard to understanding the mol. mechanism controlling carbon partitioning toward oil production in oil-rich tuber and provides a valuable reference for enhancing oil accumulation in non-seed tissues of crops through genetic breeding or metabolic engineering.

Biotechnology for Biofuels published new progress about Bioaccumulation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dubinin, Mikhail V. published the artcileThe effect of deflazacort treatment on the functioning of skeletal muscle mitochondria in duchenne muscular dystrophy, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is deflazacort antiinflammatory agent skeletal mitochondria duchenne muscular dystrophy; Ca2+ uniporter; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; deflazacort; mitochondria; mitochondrial permeability transition; skeletal muscle.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe hereditary disease caused by a lack of dystrophin, a protein essential for myocyte integrity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is reportedly responsible for DMD. This study examines the effect of glucocorticoid deflazacort on the functioning of the skeletal-muscle mitochondria of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice and WT animals. Deflazacort administration was found to improve mitochondrial respiration of mdx mice due to an increase in the level of ETC complexes (complexes III and IV and ATP synthase), which may contribute to the normalization of ATP levels in the skeletal muscle of mdx animals. Deflazacort treatment improved the rate of Ca2+ uniport in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of mdx mice, presumably by affecting the subunit composition of the calcium uniporter of organelles. At the same time, deflazacort was found to reduce the resistance of skeletal mitochondria to MPT pore opening, which may be associated with a change in the level of ANT2 and CypD. In this case, deflazacort also affected the mitochondria of WT mice. The paper discusses the mechanisms underlying the effect of deflazacort on the functioning of mitochondria and contributing to the improvement of the muscular function of mdx mice.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about ADP/ATP translocase ANT2 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Arakawa, Koichi published the artcileFunctional modulation of liver mitochondria in lipopolysaccharide/drug co-treated rat liver injury model, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is liver mitochondria lipopolysaccharide injury rat; Diclofenac; Drug-induced liver injury; Lipopolysaccharide; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial permeability transition.

Drug-induced liver injury is not readily detectable using conventional animal studies during pre-clin. drug development. To address this problem, other researchers have proposed the use of co-administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin produced by gram-neg. bacteria, and a drug. Using this approach, liver injury that is otherwise not detected following drug administration alone can be successfully identified. Previous studies have demonstrated that such injury is suppressed by heparin; therefore, the mechanism may involve coagulation-dependent ischemia. However, it has not been established how LPS-induced ischemia might sensitize hepatocytes to a potentially hepatotoxic drug. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of LPS-induced ischemia on liver mitochondrial function and downstream toxicol. responses. Consistent with previous findings, plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was higher in rats co-administered with LPS (1 mg/kg) and diclofenac (100 mg/kg), but reduced by heparin. Liver mRNA expression of Hmox1 encoding heme oxygenase-1, an oxidative stress indicator, was three times higher at 2 h after LPS administration. Furthermore, respiratory activity via mitochondrial complex II, lipid peroxidation in mitochondria, and the susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in response to diclofenac administration were significantly increased by LPS administration. The increase in plasma ALT activity and the sensitization to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening were reduced by the co-administration of heparin. In conclusion, LPS-induced transient ischemia disrupts respiratory chain complex activities, enhances reactive oxygen species production, especially in mitochondria, and sensitizes mitochondria to permeability transition pore opening when testing a potentially hepatotoxic drug in vivo.

Journal of Toxicological Sciences published new progress about Animal gene, CXCL10 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts