Tag: M.W=100-150

You, Lei published the artcileInvolvement of abscisic acid, ABI5, and PPC2 in plantacclimation to low CO2, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is carbon dioxide abscisic acid ABI PPC plant acclimation; Arabidopsis thaliana ; ABI5; Abscisic acid; PEPC; carbon–nitrogen balance; low CO2; photorespiration; photosynthesis.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays a pivotal role in the photosynthetic CO2 fixation of C4 plants. However, the functions of PEPCs in C3 plants are less well characterized, particularly in relation to low atm. CO2 levels. Of the four genes encoding PEPC in Arabidopsis, PPC2 is considered as the major leaf PEPC gene. Here we show that the ppc2 mutants suffered a growth arrest when transferred to low atm. CO2 conditions, together with decreases in the maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and lower levels of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and carbohydrates. The application of sucrose, malate, or ABA greatly rescued the growth of ppc2 lines under low CO2 conditions. Metabolite profiling anal. revealed that the levels of glycine and serine were increased in ppc2 leaves, while the abundance of photosynthetic metabolites was decreased under these conditions. The transcript levels of encoding enzymes involved in glycine or serine metabolism was decreased in ppc2 in an ABI5-dependent manner. Like the ppc2 mutants, abi5-1 mutants had lower photosynthetic rates and Fv/Fm compared with the wild type under photorespiratory conditions (i.e. low CO2 availability). However, the growth of these mutants was similar to that of the wild type under non-photorespiratory (low O2) conditions. The constitutive expression of ABI5 prevented the growth arrest of ppc2 lines under low CO2 conditions. These findings demonstrate that PPC2 plays an important role in the acclimation of Arabidopsis plants to low CO2 availability by linking photorespiratory metabolism to primary metabolism, and that this is mediated, at least in part, through ABA- and ABI5-dependent processes.

Journal of Experimental Botany published new progress about Arabidopsis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pandey, Pratima published the artcileDauer formation in C. elegans is modulated through AWC and ASI-dependent chemosensation, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is Caenorhabditis EXP1 DAF7 STR2 olfaction neuron chemotaxis TGFbeta plasticity; ASI neuron; C. elegans; EXP-1; STR-2; chemotaxis; dauer.

The perception of our surrounding environment is an amalgamation of stimuli detected by sensory neurons. In Caenorhabditis elegans, olfaction is an essential behavior that determines various behavioral functions such as locomotion, feeding and development. Sensory olfactory cues also initiate downstream neuroendocrine signaling that controls aging, learning, development and reproduction Innate sensory preferences toward odors (food, pathogens) and reproductive pheromones are modulated by 11 pairs of amphid chemosensory neurons in the head region of C. elegans Amongst these sensory neurons, the ASI neuron has neuroendocrine functions and secretes neuropeptides, insulin-like peptide (DAF-28) and the TGF-β protein, DAF-7. Its expression levels are modulated by the presence of food (increased levels) and population d. (decreased levels). A recent study has shown that EXP-1, an excitatory GABA receptor regulates DAF-7/TGF-β levels and participates in DAF-7/TGF-β-mediated behaviors such as aggregation and bordering. Here, we show that exp-1 mutants show defective responses toward AWC-sensed attractive odors in a non-autonomous manner through ASI neurons. Our dauer experiments reveal that in daf-7 mutants, ASI expressed EXP-1 and STR-2 (a G-protein-coupled receptor; GPCR) that partially maintained reproductive growth of animals. Further, studies suggest that neuronal connections between ASI and AWC neurons are allowed at least partially through ASI secreted DAF-7 or through alternate TGF- β pathway/s regulated by EXP-1 and STR-2. Together, our behavioral, genetic and imaging experiments propose that EXP-1 and STR-2 integrate food cues and allow the animals to display DAF-7/TGF-β neuroendocrine dependent or independent behavioral responses contributing to chemosensensory and developmental plasticity.

eNeuro published new progress about Caenorhabditis elegans. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dai, Weiqi published the artcileOGDHL silencing promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by reprogramming glutamine metabolism, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is hepatocellular carcinoma OGDHL glutamine metabolism; Glutamine metabolism; Liver cancer; OGDHL; Tricarboxylic acid cycle.

We systematically investigated the role of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL), one of the rate-limiting components of the key mitochondrial multi-enzyme OGDH complex (OGDHC), in the regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatoma cells and mouse xenograft models. Promoter hypermethylation and DNA copy deletion of OGDHL were independently correlated with reduced OGDHL expression in HCC specimens. Addnl., OGDHL overexpression significantly inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells in mouse xenografts, while knockdown of OGDHL promoted proliferation of hepatoma cells. Notably, silencing of OGDHL activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway in an αKG-dependent manner, inducing transcription of enzymes with key roles in de novo lipogenesis. Meanwhile, metabolic reprogramming in OGDHL-neg. hepatoma cells provided an abundant supply of NADPH and glutathione to support the cellular antioxidant system. OGDHL is a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide and is correlated with a high mortality rate. In patients with HCC, lower expression of the enzyme OGDHL is significantly associated with worse survival. Herein, we show that silencing of OGDHL induces lipogenesis and influences the chemosensitization effect of sorafenib in liver cancer cells by reprogramming glutamine metabolism OGDHL is a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in OGDHL-neg. liver cancer.

Journal of Hepatology published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rossiter, Nicholas J. published the artcileCRISPR screens in physiologic medium reveal conditionally essential genes in human cells, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is human essential gene physiol medium CRISPR screen; CRISPR; HPLM; conditional gene essentiality; gene-nutrient interaction; genetic screen; physiologic medium.

Forward genetic screens across hundreds of cancer cell lines have started to define the genetic dependencies of proliferating human cells and how these vary by genotype and lineage. Most screens, however, have been carried out in culture media that poorly reflect metabolite availability in human blood. Here, we performed CRISPR-based screens in traditional vs. human plasma-like medium (HPLM). Sets of conditionally essential genes in human cancer cell lines span several cellular processes and vary with both natural cell-intrinsic diversity and the combination of basal and serum components that comprise typical media. Notably, we traced the causes for each of three conditional CRISPR phenotypes to the availability of metabolites uniquely defined in HPLM vs. conventional media. Our findings reveal the profound impact of medium composition on gene essentiality in human cells, and also suggest general strategies for using genetic screens in HPLM to uncover new cancer vulnerabilities and gene-nutrient interactions.

Cell Metabolism published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (EIF3A). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bueno, Maria J. published the artcileEssentiality of fatty acid synthase in the 2D to anchorage-independent growth transition in transforming cells, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is embryonic fibroblast breast carcinoma epithelial cell FASN tumor growth.

Upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a common event in cancer, although its mechanistic and potential therapeutic roles are not completely understood. In this study, we establish a key role of FASN during transformation. FASN is required for eliciting the anaplerotic shift of the Krebs cycle observed in cancer cells. However, its main role is to consume acetyl-CoA, which unlocks isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-dependent reductive carboxylation, producing the reductive power necessary to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) originated during the switch from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) growth (a necessary hallmark of cancer). Upregulation of FASN elicits the 2D-to-3D switch; however, FASN’s synthetic product palmitate is dispensable for this process since cells satisfy their fatty acid requirements from the media. In vivo, genetic deletion or pharmacol. inhibition of FASN before oncogenic activation prevents tumor development and invasive growth. These results render FASN as a potential target for cancer prevention studies.

Nature Communications published new progress about Antitumor agents. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Caterino, Marco published the artcileSelective binding of a bioactive porphyrin-based photosensitizer to the G-quadruplex from the KRAS oncogene promoter, Computed Properties of 111-87-5, the main research area is cervical cancer KRAS porphyrin G quadruplex photosensitizer photodynamic therapy; Biophysics; Chlorins; G-quadruplex; Ligands; Photodynamic activity; Singlet oxygen generation.

The G-quadruplex-forming sequence within the KRAS proto-oncogene P1 promoter is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Porphyrin derivatives are among the most rewarding G-quadruplex binders. They can also behave as photosensitizers. Three water-soluble, pos. charged porphyrin-like compounds were synthesized and tested for their interaction with the KRAS G-quadruplex by CD, fluorescence, and mol. docking calculations For a comparison of ligands binding affinity and selectivity, TMPyP4 was taken as a reference One out of the three tested compounds proved biol. activity and selectivity for G-quadruplex over duplex DNA. It also showed to discriminate between different G-quadruplex topologies, with a preference for the parallel over antiparallel conformation. Mol. docking studies suggested a preferential binding to the 3′-end of the KRAS G-quadruplex driven through π-π stacking interactions. Biol. assays also revealed a good photodynamic-induced cytotoxicity on HeLa cells. The reported results show that these porphyrin-like compounds could actually give the basis for the development of G-quadruplex ligands with effective photodynamic-induced cytotoxicity on cancer cells. The possibility of obtaining photosensitizers with improved physico-chem. features and able to selectively target G-quadruplexes is a very interesting perspective to develop new therapeutic agents.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antitumor agents. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Computed Properties of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Slavokhotova, Anna published the artcileTranscriptomic Analysis of Genes Involved in Plant Defense Response to the Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Infection, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is transcriptome cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection; CGMMV; RNA-seq; cucumber; disease resistance; plant bioinformatics; plant-virus interaction; stress tolerance.

Plants have evolved a complex multilayered defense system to counteract various invading pathogens during their life cycle. In addition to silencing, considered to be a major mol. defense response against viruses, different signaling pathways activated by phytohormones trigger the expression of secondary metabolites and proteins preventing virus entry and propagation. In this study, we explored the response of cucumber plants to one of the global pathogens, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), which causes severe symptoms on leaves and fruits. The inbred line of Cucumis sativus L., which is highly susceptible to CGMMV, was chosen for inoculation. Transcriptomes of infected plants at the early and late stages of infection were analyzed in comparison with the corresponding transcriptomes of healthy plants using RNA-seq. The changes in the signaling pathways of ethylene and salicylic and jasmonic acids, as well as the differences in silencing response and expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and transcription factors, were revealed. The results show that silencing was strongly suppressed in infected plants, while the salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were induced. The genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and the genes involved in the jasmonic acid pathway changed their expression insignificantly. It was also found that WRKY and NAC were the most sensitive to CGMMV infection among the transcription factors detected.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Copper transporter CTR1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mateus, Andre published the artcileThe functional proteome landscape of Escherichia coli, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Escherichia thermal proteome profiling reverse genetics.

Recent developments in high-throughput reverse genetics1,2 have revolutionized our ability to map gene function and interactions3-6. The power of these approaches depends on their ability to identify functionally associated genes, which elicit similar phenotypic changes across several perturbations (chem., environmental or genetic) when knocked out7-9. However, owing to the large number of perturbations, these approaches have been limited to growth or morphol. readouts10. Here we use a high-content biochem. readout, thermal proteome profiling11, to measure the proteome-wide protein abundance and thermal stability in response to 121 genetic perturbations in Escherichia coli. We show that thermal stability, and therefore the state and interactions of essential proteins, is commonly modulated, raising the possibility of studying a protein group that is particularly inaccessible to genetics. We find that functionally associated proteins have coordinated changes in abundance and thermal stability across perturbations, owing to their co-regulation and phys. interactions (with proteins, metabolites or cofactors). Finally, we provide mechanistic insights into previously determined growth phenotypes12 that go beyond the deleted gene. These data represent a rich resource for inferring protein functions and interactions.

Nature (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Cytolysis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mukherjee, Shreya published the artcileA variety of new tri- and tetranuclear Mn-Ln and Fe-Ln (Ln = lanthanide) complexes, Application In Synthesis of 2212-32-0, the main research area is manganese gadolinium carboxylate heterometallic cluster preparation crystal structure; iron gadolinium carboxylate heterometallic cluster preparation crystal structure; magnetic property iron manganese gadolinium heterobimetallic cluster; transition metal lanthanide carboxylate heterometallic cluster preparation crystal structure.

The use of carboxylates in the synthesis of 3d/4f clusters, with or without a second organic ligand, has afforded tetranuclear M2Gd2 complexes (M = Fe or Mn), and two new trinuclear M2Gd (M = Fe or Mn) mol. compounds Only one of these, [Mn2Gd2O2(O2CBut)8(HO2CBut)4] (1), does not contain a multidentate chelate ligand. Two other similar tetranuclear clusters were synthesized from the use of triethanolamine (teaH3) and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (thmeH3). [Mn2Gd2(OH)2(O2CPh)4(NO3)2(teaH)2] (2) has very similar structure with 1, bearing a defective incomplete double-cubane core bridged by μ3-O atoms, whereas in the core of [NHEt3]2[Fe2Gd2(O2CPh)4(thme)2(NO3)4] (3) the thme3- ligand caps the two incomplete cubane units, providing the triply-bridging alkoxides needed for bridging. Two new oxide-centered triangular clusters were synthesized bearing the Schiff-based chelate 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}ethanol (dmemH), [Fe2GdO(O2CBut)2(dmem)2(NO3)3] (4), and [Mn2GdO(O2CBut)2(dmem)2(NO3)3] (5). Magnetic susceptibility measurements and/or reduced magnetization studies established that complexes 1 and 3 have an S = 5 ground state, complex 2 has S = 4, and complexes 4 and 5 are S = 7/2 in their ground states. These complexes portray the feasibility of obtaining products bearing metal cores commonly found in homometallic clusters, even when these include metals with completely different coordination chem. and electronic structure, such as lanthanides.

Polyhedron published new progress about Crystal structure. 2212-32-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is N2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N1,N1,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, and the molecular formula is C7H18N2O, Application In Synthesis of 2212-32-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lee, Bongyong published the artcileMedulloblastoma cerebrospinal fluid reveals metabolites and lipids indicative of hypoxia and cancer-specific RNAs, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is RNA lipid cerebrospinal fluid hypoxia medulloblastoma; Circular RNA; Lipidomics; Medulloblastoma; Metabolomics; TCA; Transcriptomics.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. There remains an unmet need for diagnostics to sensitively detect the disease, particularly recurrences. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a window into the central nervous system, and liquid biopsy of CSF could provide a relatively non-invasive means for disease diagnosis. There has yet to be an integrated anal. of the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic changes occurring in the CSF of children with MB. CSF samples from patients with (n = 40) or without (n = 11; no cancer) MB were subjected to RNA-sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify RNA, metabolite, and lipid profiles. Differentially expressed transcripts, metabolites, and lipids were identified and their biol. significance assessed by pathway anal. The DIABLO multivariate anal. package (R package mixOmics) was used to integrate the mol. changes characterizing the CSF of MB patients. Differentially expressed transcripts, metabolites, and lipids in CSF were discriminatory for the presence of MB but not the exact mol. subtype. One hundred and ten genes and ten circular RNAs were differentially expressed in MB CSF compared with normal, representing TGF-β signaling, TNF-α signaling via NF-kB, and adipogenesis pathways. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolites (malate, fumarate, succinate, α-ketoglutarate, hydroxypyruvate, N-acetyl-aspartate) and total triacylglycerols were significantly upregulated in MB CSF compared with normal CSF. Although separating MBs into subgroups using transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipid signatures in CSF was challenging, we were able to identify a group of omics signatures that could sep. cancer from normal CSF. Metabolic and lipidomic profiles both contained indicators of tumor hypoxia. Our approach provides several candidate signatures that deserve further validation, including the novel circular RNA circ_463, and insights into the impact of MB on the CSF microenvironment.

Acta Neuropathologica Communications published new progress about Adipogenesis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts