Tag: M.W=100-150

Slaghenaufi, Davide published the artcileTwo sides to one story-aroma chemical and sensory signature of Lugana and Verdicchio wines, Computed Properties of 505-10-2, the main research area is Lugana Verdicchio wine sensory property aroma; Lugana; Verdicchio; chemical signature; sensory space; wine aroma.

Lugana and Verdicchio are two Italian white wines with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label. These two wine types are produced in different regions using the same grape variety. The aim of this work is to investigate the existence of volatile chem. markers that could help to elucidate differences between Lugana and Verdicchio wines both at chem. and sensory levels. Thirteen com. wine samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and 76 volatile compounds were identified and quantified. Verdicchio and Lugana had been differentiated on the basis of 19 free and glycosidically bound compounds belonging to the chem. classes of terpenes, benzenoids, higher alcs., C6 alcs. and norisoprenoids. Samples were assessed by means of a sorting task sensory anal., resulting in two clusters formed. These results suggested the existence of 2 product types with specific sensory spaces that can be related, to a good extend, to Verdicchio and Lugana wines. Cluster 1 was composed of six wines, 4 of which were Lugana, while Cluster 2 was formed of 7 wines, 5 of which were Verdicchio. The first cluster was described as “”fruity””, and “”fresh/minty””, while the second as “”fermentative”” and “”spicy””. An attempt was made to relate anal. and sensory data, the results showed that damascenone and the sum of 3 of esters the Et hexanoate, Et octanoate and isoamyl acetate, was characterizing Cluster 1. These results highlighted the primary importance of geog. origin to the volatile composition and perceived aroma of Lugana and Verdicchio wines.

Molecules published new progress about Norisoprenoids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Computed Properties of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cavaglia, Julieta published the artcileATR-MIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis in alcoholic fermentation monitoring and lactic acid bacteria spoilage detection, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Lactobacillus Oenococcus contamination alc fermentation ATR MIR spectroscopy.

Wine production processes still rely on post-production evaluation and off-site laboratory analyses to ensure the quality of the final product. Here we propose an at-line methodol. that combines a portable ATR-MIR spectrometer and multivariate anal. to control the alc. fermentation process and to detect wine fermentation problems. In total, 36 microvinifications were conducted, 14 in normal fermentation conditions (NFC) and 22 intentionally contaminated fermentations (ICF) with different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) concentrations ATR-MIR measurements were collected during alc. and malolactic fermentations and relative d., pH, and L-malic acid were analyzed by traditional methods. Partial Least Squares Regression could suitably predict d. and pH in fermenting samples (root mean squared errors of prediction of 0.0014 g mL-1 and 0.06 resp.). With regard to ICF, LAB contamination was detected by multivariate discriminant anal. when the difference in L-malic acid concentration between NFC and ICF was in the order of 0.7-0.8 g L-1, before the end of malolactic fermentation This methodol. shows great potential as a fast and simple at-line anal. tool for detecting fermentation problems at an early stage.

Food Control published new progress about Alcohols Role: BCP (Biochemical Process), BIOL (Biological Study), PROC (Process). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ayestaran, Belen published the artcileEffect of the winemaking process on the volatile composition and aromatic profile of Tempranillo Blanco wines, SDS of cas: 505-10-2, the main research area is volatile wine aromatic; Carbonic maceration; PLS; Sensory properties; Tempranillo Blanco wine; Volatile compounds.

The effects of the carbonic maceration and conventional winemaking on the volatile composition and aromatic sensory characteristics of Tempranillo Blanco wines were studied for the first time, during three consecutive vintages. Relationships between instrumental (volatiles) and sensory variables were analyzed applying partial least squares regression (PLS). Carbonic macerated wines had higher contents of alcs. and carbonyl compounds, yet lower concentrations of C6 alcs. and volatile acids than wines conventionally produced. The Odor Activity Values (OAV) exhibited an increase in wines when carbonic maceration was applied. According to the geometric mean (% GM) obtained from aroma descriptors the effect of the winemaking process was significant for seed fruit, ripe fruit and floral notes. When subjected to PLS the data from the instrumental anal. yielded a satisfactory model for the prediction of aroma descriptors in this set of wines.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Aromatic compounds Role: ANT (Analyte), PRP (Properties), ANST (Analytical Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, SDS of cas: 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

dos Santos, Martielly S. published the artcileSilicon alleviates the impairments of iron toxicity on the rice photosynthetic performance via alterations in leaf diffusive conductance with minimal impacts on carbon metabolism, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Oryza leaf diffusive conductance photosynthesis carbon iron toxicity silicon; Iron toxicity; Oryza sativa; Silicon; photosynthesis.

Iron (Fe) toxicity is often observed in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, disrupting cell homeostasis and impairing growth and crop yields. Silicon (Si) can mitigate the effects of Fe excess on rice by decreasing tissue Fe concentrations, but no information exists whether Si could prevent the harmful effects of Fe toxicity on the photosynthesis and carbon metabolism Two rice cultivars with contrasting abilities to tolerate Fe excess were hydroponically grown under two Fe levels (25μ M or 5 mM) and amended or not with Si (0 or 2 mM). Fe toxicity caused decreases in net photosynthetic rate (A), particularly in the sensitive cultivar. These decreases were correlated with reductions in stomatal (gs) and mesophyll (gm) conductances, as well as with increasing photorespiration. Photochem. (e.g. electron transport rate) and biochem. (e.g., maximum RuBisCO carboxylation capacity and RuBisCO activity) parameters of photosynthesis, and activities of a range of carbon metabolism enzymes, were minimally, if at all, affected by the treatments. Si attenuated the decreases in A by presumably reducing the Fe content. In fact, A as well as gs and gm, correlated significantly with leaf Fe contents. In summary, our data suggest a remarkable metabolic homeostasis under Fe toxicity, and that Si attenuated the impairments of Fe excess on the photosynthetic apparatus by affecting the leaf diffusive conductance with minimal impacts on carbon metabolism

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cheng, Hang published the artcileNaked mole-rat skeletal muscle mitochondria exhibit minimal functional plasticity in acute or chronic hypoxia, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is skeletal muscle mitochondria plasticity chronic hypoxia; Electron transport system; High resolution respirometry; Oxidative phosphorylation; Reactive oxygen species; Succinate.

Oxidative phosphorylation is compromised in hypoxia, but many organisms live and exercise in low oxygen environments. Hypoxia-driven adaptations at the mitochondrial level are common and may enhance energetic efficiency or minimize deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mitochondria from various hypoxia-tolerant animals exhibit robust functional changes following in vivo hypoxia and we hypothesized that similar plasticity would occur in naked mole-rat skeletal muscle. To test this, we exposed adult subordinate naked mole-rats to normoxia (21% O2) or acute (4 h, 7% O2) or chronic hypoxia (4-6 wk, 11% O2) and then isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria. Using high-resolution respirometry and a fluorescent indicator of ROS production, we then probed for changes in: (i) lipid- (palmitoylcarnitine-malate), (ii) carbohydrate- (pyruvate-malate), and (iii) succinate-fueled metabolism, and also (iv) complex IV electron transfer capacity, and (v) H2O2 production Compared to normoxic values, (a) lipid-fueled uncoupled respiration was reduced ∼15% during acute and chronic hypoxia, (b) complex I-II capacity and the rate of ROS efflux were both unaffected, and (c) complex II and IV uncoupled respiration were suppressed ∼16% following acute hypoxia. Notably, complex II-linked H2O2 efflux was 33% lower after acute hypoxia, which may reduce deleterious ROS bursts during reoxygenation. These mild changes in lipid- and carbohydrate-fueled respiratory capacity may reflect the need for this animal to exercise regularly in highly variable and intermittently hypoxic environments in which more robust plasticity may be energetically expensive.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lima, Valeria F. published the artcileThe sucrose-to-malate ratio correlates with the faster CO2 and light stomatal responses of angiosperms compared to ferns, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is Microsorum Phlebodium Vigna Nicotiana sucrose maltose light stomata; angiosperms; ferns; stomata; stomata evolution; stomatal movement regulation.

Stomatal responses to environmental signals differ substantially between ferns and angiosperms. However, the mechanisms that lead to such different responses remain unclear. Here we investigated the extent to which leaf metabolism contributes to coordinate the differential stomatal behavior among ferns and angiosperms. Stomata from all species were responsive to light and CO2 transitions. However, fern stomatal responses were slower and minor in both absolute and relative terms. Angiosperms have higher stomatal d., but this is not correlated with speed of stomatal closure. The metabolic responses throughout the diel course and under different CO2 conditions differ substantially among ferns and angiosperms. Higher sucrose content and an increased sucrose-to-malate ratio during high CO2-induced stomatal closure was observed in angiosperms compared to ferns. Furthermore, the speed of stomatal closure was pos. and neg. correlated with sugars and organic acids, resp., suggesting that the balance between sugars and organic acids aids in explaining the faster stomatal responses of angiosperms. Our results suggest that mesophyll-derived metabolic signals, especially those associated with sucrose and malate, may also be important to modulate the differential stomatal behavior between ferns and angiosperms, providing important new information that helps in understanding the metabolism-mediated mechanisms regulating stomatal movements across land plant evolution.

New Phytologist published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fujisawa, Koichi published the artcileSeasonal variations in photoperiod affect hepatic metabolism of medaka (Oryzias latipes), COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Oryzias liver lipid metabolism climate photoperiod; fatty liver; medaka; metabolome; photoperiod; tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Organisms living in temperate regions are sensitive to seasonal variations in the environment; they are known to accumulate energy as fat in their livers during the winter when days are shorter, temparature are lower, and food is scarce. However, the effect of variations in photoperiod alone on hepatic lipid metabolism has not been well studied. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed lipid metabolism in the liver of medaka, Oryzias latipes, while varying the length of days at constant temparature. Larger amounts of fatty acids accumulated in the liver after 14 days under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. Metabolome anal. showed no accumulation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, but showed a significant accumulation of long-chain saturated fatty acids. Short-day conditions induced a reduction in the levels of succinate, fumarate, and malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, decreased expression of PPARα, and decreased accumulation of acylcarnitine, which suggested inhibition of lipolysis. In addition, transparent medaka fed on a high-fat diet under short-day conditions exhibited greater amounts of fat accumulation and developed fatty liver. The findings of our study will be useful for creating a medaka hepatic steatosis model for future studies of hepatic steatosis-related diseases.

FEBS Open Bio published new progress about Acylcarnitines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sasaki, Takayuki published the artcileFunctional roles of ALMT-type anion channels in malate-induced stomatal closure in tomato and Arabidopsis, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is ALMT1 stomata Arabidopsis Solanum; ALMT channel; Arabidopsis; Solanum lycopersicum (tomato); guard cells; malate; stomatal closure.

Guard-cell-type aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are involved in stomatal closure by exporting anions from guard cells. However, their physiol. and electrophysiol. functions are yet to be explored. Here, we analyzed the physiol. and electrophysiol. properties of the ALMT channels in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlALMT11 was specifically expressed in tomato guard cells. External malate-induced stomatal closure was impaired in ALMT-suppressed lines of tomato and Arabidopsis, although abscisic acid did not influence the stomatal response in SlALMT11-knock-down tomato lines. Electrophysiol. analyses in Xenopus oocytes showed that SlALMT11 and AtALMT12/QUAC1 exhibited characteristic bell-shaped current-voltage patterns dependent on extracellular malate, fumarate, and citrate. Both ALMTs could transport malate, fumarate, and succinate, but not citrate, suggesting that the guard-cell-type ALMTs are dicarboxylic anion channels activated by extracellular organic acids. The truncation of acidic amino acids, Asp or Glu, from the C-terminal end of SlALMT11 or AtALMT12/QUAC1 led to the disappearance of the bell-shaped current-voltage patterns. Our findings establish that malate-activated stomatal closure is mediated by guard-cell-type ALMT channels that require an acidic amino acid in the C-terminus as a candidate voltage sensor in both tomato and Arabidopsis.

Plant, Cell & Environment published new progress about Anion channels Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lefoulon, Cecile published the artcileCrassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel activity follows transcript abundance and is suppressed by apoplastic malate, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is crassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel apoplastic malate; Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi ; apoplast; circadian stomatal regulation; crassulacean acid metabolism; guard cell anion channel; malic acid metabolism; voltage clamp.

Plants utilizing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO while reducing transpirational water loss associated with photosynthesis. Unlike stomata of C3 and C4 species, CAM stomata open at night for the mesophyll to fix CO2 into malate (Mal) and store it in the vacuole. CAM plants decarboxylate Mal in the light, generating high CO2 concentrations within the leaf behind closed stomata for refixation by RuBisCO. CO2 may contribute to stomatal closure but addnl. mechanisms, plausibly including Mal activation of anion channels, ensure closure in the light. In the CAM species Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, we found that guard cell anion channel activity, recorded under voltage clamp, follows KfSLAC1 and KfALMT12 transcript abundance, declining to near zero by the end of the light period. Unexpectedly, however, we found that extracellular Mal inhibited the anion current of Kalanchoe guard cells, both in wild-type and RNAi mutants with impaired Mal metabolism We conclude that the diurnal cycle of anion channel gene transcription, rather than the physiol. signal of Mal release, is a key factor in the inverted CAM stomatal cycle.

New Phytologist published new progress about Anion channels Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Zunkang published the artcileA unique aluminum resistance mechanism conferred by aluminum and salicylic-acid-activated root efflux of benzoxazinoids in maize, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Zea root efflux benzoxazinoid aluminum resistance hydroxamic acid.

Background and aims: Although aluminum (Al) exclusion via root exudation of organic matters is a common resistance mechanism adopted by many plant species, whether root exudation of benzoxazinoids, such as hydroxamic acids (HAs), confers Al resistance remains unclear. Methods: We performed physiol. characterization for an Al-resistant maize cultivar TY and a sensitive maize cultivar ZD. Results: First, Al exposure induced HA exudation from the root tip of TY, but not from ZD. Second, HAs formed non-toxic Al chelation complexes in vitro and exogenous HAs alleviated root damage and improved root growth under Al stresses. Third, both Al and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) treatments induced accumulation of endogenous SAs in the root apices of TY, which in turn enhanced root HA exudation and Al resistance in TY. Furthermore, an SA biosynthesis inhibitor significantly decreased Al resistance in TY and abolished the beneficial effects of exogenous SA on Al resistance, suggesting a key role of the endogenous SAs in induction of Al resistance. Finally, it was the root-tip HA exudation but not the root-tip HA contents that determined Al resistance in maize. Conclusion: We have revealed a unique Al exclusion mechanism underlying Al resistance via Al and SA-mediated root HA efflux in maize.

Plant and Soil published new progress about Benzoxazinoids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts