Tag: M.W=100-150

Chen, Hu published the artcileEffects of spontaneous fermentation on microbial succession and its correlation with volatile compounds during fermentation of Petit Verdot wine, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is spontaneous fermentation microbial succession volatile compound Petit Verdot wine.

Petit Verdot is widely used in blend wines but only few studies focus on the effect of microorganisms on the aroma formation of its monovarietal wine. This study explored the correlation between microorganisms and aromas during spontaneous fermentation (SF) and inoculated fermentation (IF). The changes of volatile compounds and microbial succession during the wine fermentation were monitored by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HTS. The results showed that SF resulted wines with more aromatic and regional characteristics because of significantly higher content and varieties of higher alcs., acetate esters and C6 compounds, thus highlighting the ′floral′ and ′fruity′ characteristics of Petit Verdot wine. The PCA and OPLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in aromas and microorganisms under SF, and IF, while correlations between them were established by OPLS and Spearman (VIP >1, P < 0.05). Among them, four unique core bacteria in SF were pos. correlated (P < 0.05) with four important higher alcs. and most of the esters. Non-Saccharomyces in SF were pos. correlated (P < 0.01) with C6 compounds Therefore, SF had a potential application prospect for improving wine flavor and provided a reference for further understanding the role of microorganisms in the formation of aroma compounds LWT--Food Science and Technology published new progress about Acetates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reshef, Noam published the artcileGrape berry position affects the diurnal dynamics of its metabolic profile, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is Vitis sucrose carbon amino acid polyamine phenylpropanoid alc; circadian cycle; diurnal metabolism; fruit metabolic profiling; fruit microclimate; fruit sunlight exposure; source/sink translocation.

Solar irradiance and air temperature are characterized by dramatic circadian fluctuations and are known to significantly modulate fruit composition To date, it remains unclear whether the abrupt, yet predictive, diurnal changes in radiation and temperature prompt direct metabolic turn-over in the fruit. We assessed the role of fruit insolation, air temperature, and source-tissue CO2 assimilation in the diurnal compositional changes in ripening grape berries. This was performed by comparing the diurnal changes in metabolite profiles of berries positioned such that they experienced (a) contrasting diurnal solar irradiance patterns, and (b) similar irradiance but contrasting diurnal CO2 assimilation patterns of adjacent leaves. Grape carbon levels increased during the morning and decreased thereafter. Sucrose levels decreased throughout the day and were correlated with air temperature, but not with the diurnal pattern of leaf CO2 assimilation. Tight correlation between sucrose and glucose-6-phosphate indicated the involvement of photorespiration/glycolysis in sucrose depletion. Amino acids, polyamines, and phenylpropanoids fluctuated diurnally, and were highly responsive to the diurnal insolation pattern of the fruit. Our results fill the knowledge gap regarding the circadian pattern of source-sink assimilate-translocation in grapevine. In addition, they suggest that short-term direct solar exposure of the fruit impacts both its diurnal and nocturnal metabolism

Plant, Cell & Environment published new progress about Aglycons Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

de Ovalle, Stefani published the artcileInfluence of beta glucosidases from native yeast on the aroma of Muscat and Tannat wines, COA of Formula: C4H10OS, the main research area is beta glucosidase yeast aroma Muscat Tannat wine; Aroma enhancement; Beta-glucosidases; Glycosides; Muscat; Tannat wine.

It is now well established that β-glucosidases (BGLs) from non-Saccharomyces yeasts are key enzymes that hydrolyze grape-derived aroma precursors enhancing the flavor of wines. This work reports on the specificity for wine glycosides and the impact on wine aroma, of three native yeast β-glucosidases. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas-chromatog. and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and wine aroma was studied by sensory anal. Issatchenkia terricola β-glucosidase stood out from the other β-glucosidases studied. The I. terricola BGL showed remarkable specificity for norisoprenoid aglycons such as: 3-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-alpha-ionol, 3-oxo-α-ionol, vomifoliol. This different specificity was perceived in the sensory tests. The judges described pleasant fruity, sweet, honey and raisin notes in both Tannat and Muscat wines treated with I. terricola BGL. These results are particularly remarkable for Tannat wines, since there are few reports concerning the application of β-glucosidases to enhance its aroma of Tannat, and none with BGLs from native yeasts.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Aglycons Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, COA of Formula: C4H10OS.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tan, Sih Min published the artcileTargeting methylglyoxal in diabetic kidney disease using the mitochondria-targeted compound mitoGamide, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is targeting methylglyoxal diabetic kidney disease mitochondria targeted compound mitoGamide; MitoGamide; diabetes; dicarbonyl; kidney; methylglyoxal; mitochondria; sugar-derived products.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in the western world. In exptl. diabetes, mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney precedes the development of DKD. Reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, such as methylglyoxal, are generated from sugars both endogenously during diabetes and exogenously during food processing. Methylglyoxal is thought to impair the mitochondrial function and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DKD. Here, we sought to target methylglyoxal within the mitochondria using MitoGamide, a mitochondriatargeted dicarbonyl scavenger, in an exptl. model of diabetes. Male 6-wk-old heterozygous Akita mice (C57BL/6-Ins2-Akita/J) or wildtype littermates were randomized to receive MitoGamide (10 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle by oral gavage for 16 wk. MitoGamide did not alter the blood glucose control or body composition Akita mice exhibited hallmarks of DKD including albuminuria, hyperfiltration, glomerulosclerosis, and renal fibrosis, however, after 16 wk of treatment, MitoGamide did not substantially improve the renal phenotype. Complex-I-linked mitochondrial respiration was increased in the kidney of Akita mice which was unaffected by MitoGamide. Exploratory studies using transcriptomics identified that MitoGamide induced changes to olfactory signaling, immune system, respiratory electron transport, and post-translational protein modification pathways. These findings indicate that targeting methylglyoxal within the mitochondria using MitoGamide is not a valid therapeutic approach for DKD and that other mitochondrial targets or processes upstream should be the focus of therapy.

Nutrients published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Yurong published the artcileEffects of the proteins of indica rice and indica waxy rice on the formation of volatiles of sweet rice wine, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is proteins indica waxy formation volatiles sweet rice wine.

The proteins in the raw materials affect the formation of flavor during fermentation Among all the fermentation broth of protein fraction in the study, the rice prolamin and albumin effectively promoted floral, honey and fruity characteristics in fermentation with higher level of β-phenylethyl alc., 2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde and Et hexadecanoate than those in the fermentation of globulin and glutelin; albumin is with higher level of higher alcs., but higher alcs. are not good for health because of their acute toxicity and neurotoxic effects. In a further fermentation experiment of addition of prolamin, extra prolamin significantly promoted the formation of aroma volatiles, especially medium and long fatty acid esters and β-phenylethyl alc. and its acetate, and the content of β-phenethyl acetate in sweet rice wine with added prolamin was more than twice that of single sweet rice wine. This study demonstrates that the different rice protein components significantly affect the volatiles generated by microorganism metabolism to impact the flavor of sweet rice wine, and the flavor quality of sweet rice wine can be enhanced by increasing the prolamin content.

International Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Al-Hassan, Jassim M. published the artcileFraction B from catfish epidermal secretions kills pancreatic cancer cells, inhibits CD44 expression and stemness, and alters cancer cell metabolism, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is anticancer Arius fraction B CD44 stemness metabolism pancreatic cancer; Fraction B; apoptosis; cancer metabolism; cancer stemness; catfish; pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related death in western countries. The successful treatment of PDAC remains limited. Author investigated the effect of Fraction B, which is a fraction purified from catfish (Arius bilineatus, Val.) skin secretions containing proteins and lipids, on PDAC biol. both in-vivo and in-vitro. Author report here that Fraction B potently suppressed the proliferation of both human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and significantly reduced the growth of their relevant xenograft (Panc02) and orthotopic tumors (human Panc-1 cells) (p < 0.05). The Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) data obtained from the tumor tissues derived from orthotopic tumor bearing mice treated with Fraction B showed that Fraction B altered the cancer stem cells related pathways and regulated glucose and glutamine metabolism The down-regulation of the cancer stem cell marker CD44 expression was further confirmed in Panc-1 cells. CBC and blood chem. analyses showed no systemic toxicity in Fraction B treated Panc-1 tumor bearing mice compared to that of control group. Author data support that Fraction B is a potential candidate for PDAC treatment. Frontiers in Pharmacology published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Al-Malki, Abdulrahman L. published the artcileStrigol1/albumin/chitosan nanoparticles decrease cell viability, induce apoptosis and alter metabolomics profile in HepG2 cancer cell line, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is hepatocellular carcinoma cell viability apoptosis chitosan nanoparticles metabolomics; Apoptosis; HepG2; Metabolomics; Nanoparticles; Strigol 1.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Bioavailable, effective and safe therapeutic agents are urgently needed for cancer treatment. This study evaluated the metabolomics profiling, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of strigol/albumin/chitosan nanoparticles (S/A/CNP) on HepG2 cell line. The diameter of S/A/CNP was (5 ± 0.01) nm. The IC50 was 180.4 nM and 47.6 nM for Strigol1 and S/A/CNP, resp., after incubation for 24 h with HepG2 cells. By increasing the concentration of S/A/CNP, there was chromatin condensation, degranulation in the cytoplasm and shrinking in cell size indicating pro-apoptotic activity. Metabolomics profiling of the exposed cells by LC/MS/MS revealed that S/A/CNP up-regulated epigenetic intermediates (spermine and spermidine) and down-regulated energy production pathway and significantly decreased glutamine (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrated that S/A/CNP has anti-proliferative, apoptotic effects and modulate energetic, and epigenetic metabolites in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Eckstrum, Kirsten published the artcileUtilization of a model hepatotoxic compound, diglycolic acid, to evaluate liver Organ-Chip performance and in vitro to in vivo concordance, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is hepatotoxicity diglycolic acid liver organ chip performance; Diglycolic acid; Hepatocytes; In vivo concordance; Liver-chip; Microphysiological systems; Toxicity.

Microphysiol. systems (MPS) are emerging as potentially predictive models for drug safety and toxicity assessment. To assess the utility of these systems, the Food and Drug Administration partnered with Emulate to evaluate the Human Liver Organ-Chip in a regulatory setting. Diglycolic acid (DGA), a known hepatotoxin, was evaluated in the Liver-Chip and compared to a multi-well plate format to assess the Liver-Chip’s capabilities, limitations, overall performance, and concordance with other in vivo and in vitro studies. Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes were exposed to DGA from 1 to 20 mM in Liver-Chips or traditional multi-well plates. We found that 10 mM or 20 mM of DGA was severely cytotoxic in both platforms, while 5 mM was mildly cytotoxic in Liver-Chips. Addnl., some hepatocyte functions were reduced with 5 mM DGA in Liver-Chips and 1 mM in well plates. Individual well effects were greater or occurred sooner than in the Liver-Chips. Examination of the performance of the Liver-Chip showed that variability was low for biochem. endpoints, but higher for imaging endpoints. Sensitivity and specificity were high. Only 3-4 Liver-Chips were necessary to detect an effect depending on the endpoint and effect size. The specifics of the experiment are found herein.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cannon, Daniel T. published the artcileSkeletal myofiber VEGF deficiency leads to mitochondrial, structural, and contractile alterations in mouse diaphragm, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mouse skeletal myofiber VEGF deficiency mitochondrial structural contractile alteration; diaphragm; fatigue; mitochondria.

Diaphragm dysfunction accompanies cardiopulmonary disease and impaired oxygen delivery. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates oxygen delivery through angiogenesis, capillary maintenance, and contraction-induced perfusion. We hypothesized that myofiber-specific VEGF deficiency contributes to diaphragm weakness and fatigability. Diaphragm protein expression, capillarity and fiber morphol., mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, and contractile function were compared between adult mice with conditional gene ablation of skeletal myofiber VEGF (SkmVEGF-/-; n = 12) and littermate controls (n = 13). Diaphragm VEGF protein was ~50% lower in SkmVEGF-/- than littermate controls (1.45 ± 0.65 vs. 3.04 ± 1.41 pg/total protein; P = 0.001). This was accompanied by an ~15% impairment in maximal isometric specific force (F[1,23] ± 15.01, P = 0.001) and a trend for improved fatigue resistance (P = 0.053). Mean fiber cross-sectional area and type I fiber cross-sectional area were lower in SkmVEGF-/- by ~40% and ~25% (P < 0.05). Capillary-to-fiber ratio was also lower in SkmVEGF-/- by ~40% (P < 0.05), and thus capillary d. was not different. Sarcomeric actin expression was ~30% lower in SkmVEGF-/- (P > 0.05), whereas myosin heavy chain and MAFbx were similar (measured via immunoblot). Mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase activity, PGC-1±, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1± were not different in SkmVEGF-/- (P > 0.05). However, mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) flux was lower in SkmVEGF-/- (P = 0.0003). In conclusion, myofiber-specific VEGF gene deletion resulted in a lower capillary-to-fiber ratio, type I fiber atrophy, actin loss, and contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm. In contrast, mitochondrial respiratory function was preserved alongside lower ROS generation, which may play a compensatory role to preserve fatigue resistance in the diaphragm. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diaphragm weakness is a hallmark of diseases in which oxygen delivery is compromised. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulates muscle perfusion; however, it remains unclear whether VEGF deficiency contributes to the onset of diaphragm dysfunction. Conditional skeletal myofiber VEGF gene ablation impaired diaphragm contractile function and resulted in type I fiber atrophy, a lower number of capillaries per fiber, and contractile protein content. Mitochondrial function was similar and reactive oxygen species flux was lower. Diaphragm VEGF deficiency may contribute to the onset of respiratory muscle weakness.

Journal of Applied Physiology published new progress about Atrogin 1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bi, Jingying published the artcileDelayed bitterness of citrus wine is removed through the selection of fining agents and fining optimization, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is citrus wine fining agent bitterness; agar; citrus wine; delayed bitterness; fining agent; gelatin; limonoid.

“”Delayed bitterness”” (DB) in citrus wine is caused by limonoids and determines the acceptability to consumers. In this study, a variety of fining agents, specifically gelatin, agar, chitosan, bentonite, the crosslinking agent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP), diatomite, and casein, were evaluated for their ability to lower DB in citrus wine. Factorial experiments with three factors at four levels (L43) and with two factors at three levels (L32) were used to determine the optimal effect. We found that a mixture of agar (125 mg/L) and gelatin (30 mg/L) not only decreased the limonoid concentration and clarified the liquor, but also increased the precipitation content, retention rate of ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity. After treatment, the quality of the citrus wine was improved, and a few volatile chem. compounds were lost. We determined that agar and gelatin were the best fining agents for reducing DB in citrus wine.

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Bentonite Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts