Tag: M.W=100-150

Ol’khovich, Marina published the artcileIsavuconazole: Thermodynamic Evaluation of Processes Sublimation, Dissolution and Partition in Pharmaceutically Relevant Media, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is isavuconazole thermodn evaluation sublimation dissolution partition pharmaceutically relevant media; Hansen solubility parameter; isavuconazole; partition; protolytic properties; solubility; sublimation; thermodynamic functions.

A temperature dependence of saturated vapor pressure of isavuconazole (IVZ), an antimycotic drug, was found by using the method of inert gas-carrier transfer and the thermodn. functions of sublimation were calculated at a temperature of 298.15 K. The value of the compound standard molar enthalpy of sublimation was found to be 138.1 ± 0.5 kJ·mol-1. The IVZ thermophys. properties-m.p. and enthalpy-equaled 302.7 K and 29.9 kJ mol-1, resp. The isothermal saturation method was used to determine the drug solubility in seven pharmaceutically relevant solvents within the temperature range from 293.15 to 313.15 K. The IVZ solubility in the studied solvents increased in the following order: buffer pH 7.4, buffer pH 2.0, buffer pH 1.2, hexane, 1-octanol, 1-propanol, ethanol. Depending on the solvent chem. nature, the compound solubility varied from 6.7 x 10-6 to 0.3 mol·L-1. The Hansen s approach was used for evaluating and analyzing the solubility data of drug. The results show that this model well-described intermol. interactions in the solutions studied. It was established that in comparison with the van’t Hoff model, the modified Apelblat one ensured the best correlation with the exptl. solubility data of the studied drug. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution and dissolution excess thermodn. functions of IVZ were calculated in each of the solvents. Temperature dependences of the compound partition coefficients were obtained in a binary 1-octanol/buffer pH 7.4 system and the transfer thermodn. functions were calculated The drug distribution from the aqueous solution to the organic medium was found to be spontaneous and entropy-driven.

Molecules published new progress about Aqueous solutions. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mungma, Nuttakul published the artcileReactive extraction of lactic acid, formic acid and acetic acid from aqueous solutions with tri-n-octylamine/1-octanol/n-undecane, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is lactic formic acetic acid aqueous solution extraction fermentation broth.

The present work develops the basics for the isolation of lactic acid, acetic acid and formic acid from a single as well as a mixed feed stream, as is present, for example, in fermentation broth for lactic acid production Modeling of the phase equilibrium data is performed using the law of mass action and shows that the acids are extracted according to their pka value, where formic acid is preferably extracted in comparison to lactic and acetic acid. Back-extraction was performed by 1 M NaHCO3 solution and shows the same tendency regarding the pka value. Based on lactic acid, the solvent phase composition, consisting of tri-n-octylamine/1-octanol/n-undecane, was optimized in terms of the distribution coefficient The data clearly indicate that, compared to phys. extraction, mass transfer can be massively enhanced by reactive extraction With increasing tri-n-octylamine and 1-octanol concentration, the equilibrium constant increases. However, even when mass transfer increases, tri-n-octylamine concentrations above 40 wt%, lead to third phase formation, which needs to be prevented for tech. application. The presented data are the basis for the transfer to liquid membrane permeation, which enables the handling of emulsion tending systems.

ChemEngineering published new progress about Aqueous solutions. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lobos, A. published the artcileTolerance of three fungal species to lithium and cobalt: Implications for bioleaching of spent rechargeable Li-ion batteries, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cobalt bioleaching biol wastewater treatment lithium ion battery; Aspergillus niger ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Penicillium simplicissimum ; Li-ion battery; bioleaching; metal biorecovery; organic acids; tolerance index.

This paper aims to quantify the growth and organic acid production of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium simplicissimum when these fungi are exposed to varying levels of lithium (Li) and cobalt (Co). The study also tests whether pre-exposing the fungi to these metals enables the fungi to develop tolerance to Li or Co. When cultures of A. niger, P. chrysogenum or P. simplicissimum were exposed to 250 mg l-1 of Li or Co, biomass production and excretion of organic acids were significantly inhibited after 5 days of growth compared to cultures grown in the absence of these metals. Pre-exposing cultures of A. niger to 250 mg l-1 of Li or Co for 20 days significantly increased biomass production when the fungus was subsequently sub-cultured into 250 or 500 mg l-1 of Li or Co. However, pre-exposure of P. chrysogenum or P. simplicissimum to 250 mg l-1 of Li or Co for 20 days did not increase biomass production Aspergillus niger, but not the Penicillium species, developed tolerance to Li and to Co during the 20-day pre-exposure period. Therefore, processes that utilize fungal bioleaching with A. niger to mobilize and recover valuable metals such as Li or Co should consider a pre-exposure step for fungi to improve their tolerance to metal toxicity. Fungi may have the ability to extract valuable metals such as Li and Co from spent rechargeable batteries. However, the toxicity of the extracted metals can inhibit fungal growth and organic acid production Pre-exposure to metals may alleviate toxicity for some fungal species. This knowledge can be used to improve the design of bioleaching protocols, increasing the potential for fungal bioleaching to become an economical and environmentally friendly method of recovering Li and Co from spent batteries.

Journal of Applied Microbiology published new progress about Aspergillus niger. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xinzhi published the artcileEffect of co-fermentation and sequential fermentation of Candida versatilis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris on unsalted pork hydrolysates components, Product Details of C4H10OS, the main research area is fermentation Candida Lactococcus cremoris hydrolyzate pork.

Summary : In this study, the effect of co-fermentation and sequential fermentation with a typical halophilic soy sauce yeast Candida versatilis and a non-halophilic dairy bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris in pork hydrolyzates was explored for the first time with regard to their viability, physicochem. changes and volatile compound production It was observed that the growth of C. versatilis was suppressed (only 0.6 – 1.5 log CFU mL-1 increase), while L. lactis subsp. cremoris was stimulated (total cell counts exceeded 9.0 log CFU mL-1) in mixed-cultures relative to the resp. monocultures. There were no significant differences between co-inoculation and sequential inoculation regarding glucose consumption, organic acid production and free amino acids utilization. Some distinct volatile compounds such as methionol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and gamma-nonalactone were found in both co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated samples, with slightly different concentrations These results suggest that the mixed-inoculation of C. versatilis and L. lactis have a pos. impact on the volatile compounds formation in pork hydrolyzates.

International Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about Bacillus cremoris. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Product Details of C4H10OS.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Maculewicz, Jakub published the artcileIn vitro methods for predicting the bioconcentration of xenobiotics in aquatic organisms, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is vitro method bioconcentration xenobiotic aquatic organism; Bioaccumulation; Bioconcentration; Membrane partitioning; Protein binding; Sorption.

The accumulation of anthropogenic chem. substances in aquatic organisms is an immensely important issue from the point of view of environmental protection. In the context of the increasing number and variety of compounds that may potentially enter the environment, there is a need for efficient and reliable solutions to assess the risks. However, the classic approach of testing with fish or other animals is not sufficient. Due to very high costs, significant time and labour intensity, as well as ethical concerns, in vivo methods need to be replaced by new laboratory-based tools. So far, many models have been developed to estimate the bioconcentration potential of chems. However, most of them are not sufficiently reliable and their predictions are based on limited input data, often obtained with doubtful quality. The octanol-water partition coefficient is still often used as the main laboratory tool for estimating bioconcentration However, according to current knowledge, this method can lead to very unreliable results, both for neutral species and, above all, for ionic compounds It is therefore essential to start using new, more advanced and credible solutions on a large scale. Over the last years, many in vitro methods have been newly developed or improved, allowing for a much more adequate estimation of the bioconcentration potential. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the most recent laboratory methods for assessing the bioconcentration potential and to evaluate their applicability in further research.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Benthic organisms. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tuskaev, Vladislav A. published the artcileNovel titanium(IV) diolate complexes with additional O-donor as precatalyst for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with reduced entanglement density: Influence of polymerization conditions and its implications on mechanical properties, Safety of 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, the main research area is titanium diolate complex precatalyst UHMWPE polymerization.

New alkoxo-titanium(IV) complexes with diolate ligand containing addnl. donor oxygen atom have been synthesized from readily available and scalable precursors. The structure of complex 4 was established by X-ray diffraction. Titanium atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry formed by six oxygen atoms of ligands. The resulting complexes 3-4 are moderately or highly active in ethylene polymerization in the presence of {EtnAlCl3-n + Bu2Mg} binary cocatalysts. The influence of the nature of the solvent, the organoaluminum cocatalyst and the polymerization temperature on the activity of catalytic systems, and the properties of the resulting polymers were studied. The obtained polymers are linear polyethylene of ultrahigh mol. weight (up to 5.8·106 g mol-1) with a broad mol. weight distribution. The polymers are suitable for the modern methods of polymer processing-the solventless solid-state formation of super high-strength (breaking strength up to 2.8 GPa) and high-modulus (elastic modulus up to 140 GPa) oriented films and film tapes. The possibility of scaling up the synthesis of ultrahigh mol. weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) without a significant drop in the productivity of the catalytic system and polymer properties is shown. UHMWPE samples have been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods to study the structural changes induced by solid-state drawing of nascent reactor powders.

Applied Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about Breaking strength. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ding, Anzi published the artcileEffect of fatty acids on the flavor formation of fish sauce, Quality Control of 505-10-2, the main research area is Culter Carassius Ictalurus fatty acids flavor sauce.

An appropriate fish model helps track changes of lipid and fatty acid during fermentation Here we selected three freshwater fish (Culter alburnus, Carassius auratus and Ietalurus Punetaus) as the fermentative materials of fish sauce due to their significantly different contents of lipid and unsaturated fatty acid. The electronic nose showed that the flavor profiles of sauce samples prepared with different fish were dramatically different. A total of 71 volatile compounds of fish sauce were detected by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Then nine key flavor compounds, including 3-methylbutanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-ol, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, di-Me trisulfide, decanal and hexanol, were screened based on odor activity values. According to correlation anal. between fatty acid profiles and fish sauce aroma, possible pathways of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) oxidation were suggested: oleic acid undergone the auto-oxidation to mainly form 10- hydroperoxide and 11- hydroperoxide, and (or) secondary form 8-hydroperoxide, then converted to nonanal, octanal and decanal; linoleic acid undergone the enzymic oxidation to form 10-L(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadieuoic acid, then converted to 1-octen-3-ol.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Carassius auratus. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Quality Control of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Abedsoltan, Hossein published the artcileAryl sulfonic acid catalysts: Effect of pendant group structure on activity in hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5, the main research area is aryl sulfonic acid catalyst hydrolysis polyethylene terephthalate.

A series of aryl sulfonic acids were tested as catalysts for acid hydrolysis occurring at the surface of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) particles. Specifically, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA), 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (2-NSA), and 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetrahydrate (1,5-NDSA) were chosen to provide sulfonic acid active groups and varying hydrophobic func tionality. The effect of catalyst concentration and reaction temperature on PET hydrolysis rate was studied. The aryl sulfonic acid catalysts exhibited much higher rates of PET hydrolysis than the mineral acid, H2SO4. At 150°C and 4 M catalyst, the time required to achieve more than 90% TPA yield was 3, 3, and 8 h, and 18 h for (PTSA), (2-NSA), (1,5-NDSA), and H2SO4, resp. Et acetate hydrolysis was performed as a model reaction to probe the activity of the catalysts in homogenous reactions to compare with the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction occurring at the PET surface. The higher catalytic activities for PET hydrolysis of the PTSA, 2-NSA, and 1,5-NDSA than H2SO4 was attributed to improved wetting by the reaction media and affinity of the aryl sulfonic acid catalysts for the PET surface.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science published new progress about Activation energy. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gorecki, Lukas published the artcilePhenothiazine-Tacrine Heterodimers: Pursuing Multitarget Directed Approach in Alzheimer’s Disease, COA of Formula: C4H11NO2, the main research area is phenothiazine tacrine heterodimer preparation Alzheimer’s cholinesterase inhibitor; Alzheimer’s disease; acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; multitarget directed ligands; phenothiazine; tacrine.

Since 2002, no clin. candidate against Alzheimer’s disease has reached the market; hence, an effective therapy is urgently needed. We followed the so-called “”multitarget directed ligand”” approach and designed 36 novel tacrine-phenothiazine heterodimers which were in vitro evaluated for their anticholinesterase properties. The assessment of the structure-activity relationships of such derivatives highlighted compound 1dC as a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 8 nM and 1aA as a potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 15 nM. Selected hybrids, namely, 1aC, 1bC, 1cC, 1dC, and 2dC, showed a significant inhibitory activity toward τ(306-336) peptide aggregation with percent inhibition ranging from 50.5 to 62.1%. Likewise, 1dC and 2dC exerted a remarkable ability to inhibit self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Notwithstanding, in vitro studies displayed cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and cerebellar granule neurons; no pathophysiol. abnormality was observed when 1dC was administered to mice at 14 mg/kg (i.p.). 1dC was also able to permeate to the CNS as shown by in vitro and in vivo models. The maximum brain concentration was close to the IC50 value for acetylcholinesterase inhibition with a relatively slow elimination half-time. 1dC showed an acceptable safety and good pharmacokinetic properties and a multifunctional biol. profile.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience published new progress about Alzheimer disease. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, COA of Formula: C4H11NO2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Uliassi, Elisa published the artcileA Focused Library of Psychotropic Analogues with Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Potential, Recommanded Product: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is phenothiazin synthesis psychotropic neuroprotectant blood brain barrier neurodegenerative disease; Neurodegenerative diseases; neural regeneration; neuroprotection; phenothiazines; phenotypic screening; psychotropic agents.

Overcoming the lack of effective treatments and the continuous clin. trial failures in neurodegenerative drug discovery might require a shift from the prevailing paradigm targeting pathogenesis to the one targeting simultaneously neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In the studies reported herein, we sought to identify small mols. that might exert neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential as tools against neurodegenerative diseases. In doing so, we started from the reported neuroprotective/neuroregenerative mechanisms of psychotropic drugs featuring a tricyclic alkylamine scaffold. Thus, we designed a focused-chem. library of 36 entries aimed at exploring the structural requirements for efficient neuroprotective/neuroregenerative cellular activity, without the manifestation of toxicity. To this aim, we developed a synthetic protocol, which overcame the limited applicability of previously reported procedures. Next, we evaluated the synthesized compounds through a phenotypic screening pipeline, based on primary neuronal systems. Phenothiazine 2Bc showed improved neuroregenerative and neuroprotective properties with respect to reference drug desipramine (2Aa). Importantly, we have also shown that 2Bc outperformed currently available drugs in cell models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and attenuates microglial activation by reducing iNOS expression.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience published new progress about Alzheimer disease. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Recommanded Product: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts