Tag: M.W=100-150

Bertanza, Giorgio published the artcileRemoval of perfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water treatment plant, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is perfluoroalkyl polyfluoroalkyl drinking water treatment plant groundwater pollution control; Activated carbon; Adsorption capacity; Breakthrough; Groundwater; PFAS.

Drinking water contamination by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is an issue of relatively recent concern. The literature indicates that anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon (GAC) are suitable technologies for removing these compounds While several laboratory-scale and pilot-scale experiments have been conducted to study activated carbon adsorption/desorption mechanisms of a number of PFASs, little data on full-scale plants are available. This work examines a real case of groundwater contamination by PFASs in an area of approx. 200 km2. The performance of the main drinking water treatment plant in the area (flowrate = 30,000 m3/d; 100,000 people served), which is equipped with GAC filters, was analyzed. Approx. 17,000 anal. data points from a working period of five years were processed. Perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA) was the first compound to attain breakthrough, followed by perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The adsorption capacity and treated bed volumes at complete breakthrough (saturation) were calculated, and ranged from 1.71 g/t and 7100 (PFBA) to 24.6 g/t and 50,900 (PFOA), with the total organic carbon concentration in the groundwater ranging from <0.1 to 0.5 mg/L. The overall adsorption capacity was approx. 40 g of total PFASs/t. The breakthrough behavior of PFASs was correlated with the C-F chain length, the type of hydrophilic head (either carboxyl or sulfonic), and the n-octanol/water partition coefficients logP and logD. The results corroborate the findings of previously published bench-scale and pilot-scale experiments Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Adsorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Xinyuan published the artcilePreparation of a nanoscale dihydromyricetin-phospholipid complex to improve the bioavailability: in vitro and in vivo evaluations, Quality Control of 111-87-5, the main research area is diabetes mellitus dihydromyricetin phospholipid complex bioavailability pharmacokinetic; Bioavailability; Dihydromyricetin; Phospholipid complex; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a flavanonol compound found as the most abundant and bioactive constituent in Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand-Mazz) W.T. Wang, possesses numerous pharmacol. activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, and so on. Recently, DMY shows a promising potential to develop as an agent for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the low oral bioavailability of DMY was one of the special concerns to be resolved for its clin. applications. In this study, DMY phospholipid complex (DMY-HSPC COM) was prepared by the solvent evaporation technique and optimized with DMY combination ratio. SEM (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform IR spectrophotometry (FT-IR) were carried to characterize the formation of DMY-HSPC COM. The particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and solubility of DMY-HSPC COM were further investigated. The phospholipid complex technol. could significantly improve the solubility of DMY. Pharmacokinetic study results of DMY-HSPC COM in healthy SD rats and T2DM rats demonstrated that the oral bioavailability was significantly increased when compared with pure DMY as well, which could be attributed to the improvement of the aqueous solubility of the complex, absorption promotion and a probable decrease in intestinal and hepatic metabolism In addition, when compared with healthy SD rats, pharmacokinetic parameters of pure DMY and DMY-HSPC COM showed significant difference in T2DM rats. Thus, phospholipid complex technol. holds a promising potential for increasing the oral bioavailability of DMY.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Quality Control of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Lei published the artcileBoron contributes to excessive aluminum tolerance in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) by inhibiting cell wall deposition and promoting vacuole compartmentation, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is aluminum toxicity trifoliate orange vacuole compartmentation promotion; Alleviate; Aluminum toxicity; Boron; Malate; Subcellular; Vacuole.

Boron (B) is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth that can also alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, limited data are available on the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Here, we found that a certain range of B application could alleviate the inhibitory effects of Al toxicity on citrus. Transcriptome anal. revealed that several Al stress-responsive genes and pathways were differentially affected and enriched, such as coding for the secretion of organic acid and the distribution of Al in subcellular components after B addition Specifically, B application enhanced rhizosphere pH and induced malate exudation by expressing PtALMT4 and PtALMT9 genes occurred in Al-treated root, which ultimately reduced the absorption of Al and coincided with down-regulated the expression of PtNrat1. Moreover, B supply suppressed the pectin methyl-esterase (PME) activity and displayed a lower level of PtPME2 expression, while enhanced the PtSTAR1 expression, which is responsible for reducing cell wall (CW) Al deposition. Boron addition enhanced the PtALS1 and PtALS3 expression, accompanied by a higher proportion of vacuolar Al compartmentation during Al exposure. Collectively, the protective effects of B on root injury induced by Al is mainly by subsiding the Al uptake in the root apoplast and compartmentalizing Al into vacuole.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about Absorption. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qian, Jiasheng published the artcileOne-Step Nanoextraction and Ultrafast Microanalysis Based on Nanodroplet Formation in an Evaporating Ternary Liquid Microfilm, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is ternary liquid microfilm nanodroplet formation nanoextn microanalysis.

Preconcentration is key for detection from an extremely low concentration solution, but requires separation steps from a large volume of samples using extracting solvents. Here, a simple approach is presented for ultrafast and sensitive microanal. from a tiny volume of aqueous solutions In this approach, liquid-liquid nanoextn. in an evaporating thin liquid film on a spinning substrate is coupled with quant. anal. in one step. The approach is exemplified using a liquid mixture comprising a target compound to be analyzed in water, mixed with extractant oil and co-solvent ethanol. With rapid evaporation of ethanol, nanodroplets of oil form spontaneously in the film. The compounds are highly concentrated by liquid evaporation and meanwhile extracted to nanodroplets. A detection limit of nanomolar to picomolar is demonstrated for fluorescent model compounds in only ≈5μL of solution with the entire process taking ≈10 s. The combination of nanoextn. and IR microscopy also enables simultaneous chem. identification. The dynamics of thin film evaporation are revealed using fast imaging. The principle behind this approach is general, providing a powerful technique for fast and sensitive chem. anal. of a vast library of compounds for environment monitoring, national security, early diagnosis, and many other applications.

Advanced Materials Technologies (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Marques, Carolina S. published the artcileAmbipolar pentacyclic diamides with interesting electrochemical and optoelectronic properties, COA of Formula: C4H11NO2, the main research area is pentacyclic diamide organic thin film transistor electrochem optoelectronic property.

Developing organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistors (OTFT) and optoelectronic applications is a challenge. We developed highly crystalline pentacyclic diimides (3) and (4) which showed good OTFT and OLED potential and energy gaps of 2.60 eV and 2.54 eV. They exhibited interesting photo and eletroluminescence activity. Both compounds showed good quantum yields (0.56 for (3) and 0.60 for (4)).

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about Absorption. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, COA of Formula: C4H11NO2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Karami, Thomas K. published the artcileEyes on Lipinski′s Rule of Five: A New “”Rule of Thumb”” for Physicochemical Design Space of Ophthalmic Drugs, Formula: C8H18O, the main research area is ophthalmic drug delivery physicochem design space solubility; ocular permeability thermodn property; formulation; ocular permeability; ophthalmic drug delivery; physicochemical design space; solubility.

The study objective was to investigate mol. thermodn. properties of approved ophthalmic drugs and derive a framework outlining physicochem. design space for product development. Unlike the methodol. used to obtain mol. descriptors for assessment of drug-like properties by Lipinski′s Rule of 5 (Ro5), this work presents a retrospective approach based on in silico anal. of mol. thermodn. properties beyond Ro5 parameters (ie, free energy of distribution/partitioning in octanol/water, dynamic polar surface area, distribution coefficient, and solubility at physiol. pH) by using 145 marketed ophthalmic drugs. The study′s focus was to delineate inherent mol. parameters explicitly important for ocular permeability and absorption from topical eye drops. A comprehensive parameter distribution anal. on ophthalmic drugs′ mol. properties was performed. Frequencies in distribution analyses provided groundwork for physicochem. parameter limits of mol. thermodn. properties having impact on corneal permeability and topical ophthalmic drug delivery. These parameters included free energy of partitioning (ΔGo/w) calculated based on thermodn. free energy equation, distribution coefficient at physiol. pH (clog DpH7.4), topol. polar surface area (TPSA), and aqueous solubility (Sint, SpH7.4) with boundaries of clog DpH7.4 ≤ 4.0, TPSA ≤ 250 Å2, ΔGo/w ≤ 20 kJ/mol (4.8 kcal/mol), and solubility (Sint and SpH7.4) ≥ 1 μM, resp. The theor. free energy of partitioning model streamlined calculation of changes in the free energy of partitioning, Δ(ΔGo/w), as a measure of incremental improvements in corneal permeability for congeneric series. The above parameter limits are proposed as “”rules of thumb”” for topical ophthalmic drugs to assess risks in developability.

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Formula: C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Khatouri, M. published the artcileEffect of hydrophobically modified PEO polymers (PEO-dodecyl) on oil/water microemulsion properties: in vitro and in silico investigations, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5, the main research area is hydrophobically modified PEO polymer oil water microemulsion property.

Microemulsions are excellent systems for transdermal delivery of multifunctional drugs because they have the potential to improve drug absorption/permeation and handling limitations. Biocompatible polymers are used as a coating of microemulsions to avoid the interactions that can occur between the microemulsions and the skin. Thus, they protect and lubricate these transporter nanovesicles. In this paper, we studied decane/water microemulsions covered with hydrophobically modified PEO polymer (PEO-m). To reveal the effect of hydrophobically modified PEO (PEO-m) polymer on the shape, the micro-arrangement and the dynamics of the microemulsions, we used an integrated strategy combining Mol. Dynamics simulation (MD), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering experiments (SANS), and the Ornstein-Zernike integral equations with the Hypernetted Chain (HNC) closure relation. We determined the microemulsion shape in vitro using the renormalized intensities spectra from SANS experiments We discussed the micro arrangements of microemulsions, in vitro and in silico, employing the pair correlation function g(r) and the structure factor S(q), obtained from the three approaches with good agreement. Thus, we used the validated MD simulations to calculate the microemulsion’s dynamics properties that we discussed using the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and the diffusion coefficients We found that the presence of moderate quantities of PEO-m, from 4 to 12 PEO-m per microemulsion, does not influence the microemulsion shape, increases the stability of the microemulsion, and slightly decrease the dynamics. Our in vitro and in silico results suggest that polymer incorporation, which has interesting in vivo implications, has no disadvantageous effects on the microemulsion properties.

RSC Advances published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kini, Girish published the artcilePassive enhancement of ammonia-water absorption by the addition of surfactants, Quality Control of 111-87-5, the main research area is ammonia water absorption surfactant.

Surface-active agents or surfactants have the potential to substantially enhance heat and mass transfer in ammonia-water absorption by reducing the surface tension of the working fluid. The enhancement is caused by interfacial turbulence at the vapor-liquid interface that results from surface tension gradients. A surfactant selection criterion is developed based on the plateau value of surface tension, critical concentration, and the critical Marangoni number required to initiate interfacial turbulence. Based on this criterion, surface-active agents, and their ideal concentrations for the enhancement of ammonia-water absorption are recommended. The preferred additives are found to be 500 PPM of 1-octanol or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. A heat and mass transfer model is developed to predict the performance of a falling-film absorber due to the addition of surfactants at conditions representative of an absorption heat pump. The model indicates that the overall conductance of the absorber is improved by ∼30% by the addition of surfactants. The results from this work can guide intensification of various coupled heat and mass transfer processes using surfactants.

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer published new progress about Absorption. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Quality Control of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chauhan, Devendra Kumar published the artcileAluminum toxicity and aluminum stress-induced physiological tolerance responses in higher plants, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is review aluminum toxicity stress plant nutrient; ABC transporters; ALMT malate; Acidic soil; MATE citrate; Nramp; aluminum toxicity; marker-assisted breeding programs; tolerance.

Aluminum (Al) precipitates in acidic soils having a pH < 5.5, in the form of conjugated organic and inorganic ions. Al-containing minerals solubilized in the soil solution cause several neg. impacts in plants when taken up along with other nutrients. Moreover, a micromolar concentration of Al present in the soil is enough to induce several irreversible toxicity symptoms such as the rapid and transient over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in oxidative bursts. In addition, significant reductions in water and nutrient uptake occur which imposes severe stress in the plants. However, some plants have developed Al-tolerance by stimulating the secretion of organic acids like citrate, malate, and oxalate, from plant roots. Genes responsible for encoding such organic acids, play a critical role in Al tolerance. Several transporters involved in Al resistance mechanisms are members of the Aluminum-activated Malate Transporter (ALMT), Multidrug and Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE), ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC), Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), and aquaporin gene families. Therefore, in the present review, the discussion of the global extension and probable cause of Al in the environment and mechanisms of Al toxicity in plants are followed by detailed emphasis on tolerance mechanisms. We have also identified and categorized the important transporters that secrete organic acids and outlined their role in Al stress tolerance mechanisms in crop plants. The information provided here will be helpful for efficient exploration of the available knowledge to develop Al tolerant crop varieties. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology published new progress about Acid soils. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Saha, B. published the artcileEnhanced exudation of malate in the rhizosphere due to AtALMT1 overexpression in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) confers increased aluminium tolerance, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is acidic soil aluminum toxicity blackgram citrate malate; AtALMT1 acidic soil aluminum toxicity blackgram citrate malate; Acidic soil; aluminium toxicity; blackgram; citrate; malate.

Worldwide, 50% of soil is acidic, which induces aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants, as the phyto-availability of Al3+ increases in acidic soil. Plants responds to Al3+ toxicity by exuding organic acids into the rhizosphere. The organic acid responsible for Al3+ stress response varies from species to species, which in the case of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is citrate. In blackgram, an Arabidopsis malate transporter, AtALMT1, was overexpressed with the motive of inducing enhanced exudation of malate. Transgenics were generated using cotyledon node explants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The putative transgenics were initially screened by AtALMT1-specific genomic DNA PCR, followed by quant. PCR. Two independent transgenic events were identified and functionally characterized in the T3 generation. The transgenic lines, Line 1 and 2, showed better root growth, relative water content and chlorophyll content under Al3+ stress. Both lines also accounted for less oxidative damage, due to reduced accumulation of ROS mols. Photosynthetic efficiency, as measured in terms of Fv/Fm, NPQ and Y(II), increased when compared to the wild type (WT). Relative expression of genes (VmSTOP1, VmALS3, VmMATE) responsible for Al3+ stress response in blackgram showed that overexpression of a malate transporter did not have any effect on their expression. Malate exudation increased whereas citrate exudation did not show any divergence from the WT. A pot stress assay found that the transgenics showed better adaptation to acidic soil. This report demonstrates that the overexpression of a malate transporter in a non-malate exuding species improves adaptation to Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil without effecting its stress response mechanism.

Plant Biology (Berlin, Germany) published new progress about Acid soils. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts