Tag: 200-300

Genetically engineered bacteria-mediated multi-functional nanoparticles for synergistic tumor-targeting therapy was written by Wang, Yaotai;Tang, Yu;Du, Yan;Lin, Li;Zhang, Zhong;Ou, Xia;Chen, Sheng;Wang, Qi;Zou, Jianzhong. And the article was included in Acta Biomaterialia in 2022.Recommanded Product: 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Focused ultrasonic ablation surgery (FUAS) for tumor treatment has emerged as an effective non-invasive therapeutic approach, but its widespread clin. utilization is limited by its low therapeutic efficiency caused by inadequate tumor targeting, single imaging modality, and possible tumor recurrence following surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a biol. targeting synergistic system consisting of genetically engineered bacteria and multi-functional nanoparticles to overcome these limitations. Escherichia coli was genetically modified to carry an acoustic reporter gene encoding the formation of gas vesicles (GVs) and then target the tumor hypoxic environment in mice. After E. coli producing GVs (GVs-E. coli) colonized the tumor target area, ultrasound imaging and collaborative FUAS were performed; multi-functional nanoparticles were then enriched in the tumor target area through electrostatic adsorption. Multi-functional cationic lipid nanoparticles containing IR780, perfluorohexane, and banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) were coloaded in the tumor to realize targeted multimodal imaging and enhance the curative effect of FUAS. AQ4N was stimulated by the tumor hypoxic environment and synergistically cooperated with FUAS to kill tumor cells. In sum, synergistic tumor therapy involving multi-functional nanoparticles mediated by genetically engineered bacteria overcomes the limitations and improves the curative effect of existing FUAS. Inadequate tumor targeting, single image monitoring mode, and prone tumor recurrence following surgery remain significant challenges yet critical for tumor therapy. This study proposes a strategy for genetically engineered bacteria-mediated multifunctional nanoparticles for synergistic tumor therapy. The multifunctional genetically engineered biol. targeting synergistic agent can accomplish tumor-targeting therapy, synergistic FUAS ablation, hypoxia-activated chemotherapy combined with FUAS ablation, and multiple-imaging guidance and monitoring all at the same time, thereby compensating for the shortcomings of FUAS treatment. This strategy could pave the way for the progress of tumor therapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Recommanded Product: 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Screening of Relevant Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Pancreatic β-Cells: Evaluation of Murine and Human In Vitro Models was written by Al-Abdulla, Ruba;Ferrero, Hilda;Soriano, Sergi;Boronat-Belda, Talia;Alonso-Magdalena, Paloma. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Endocrine-disrupting chems. (EDCs) are chem. substances that can interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system. EDCs are ubiquitous and can be found in a variety of consumer products such as food packaging materials, personal care and household products, plastic additives, and flame retardants. Over the last decade, the impact of EDCs on human health has been widely acknowledged as they have been associated with different endocrine diseases. Among them, a subset called metabolism-disrupting chems. (MDCs) is able to promote metabolic changes that can lead to the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome, among others. Despite this, today, there are still no definitive and standardized in vitro tools to support the metabolic risk assessment of existing and emerging MDCs for regulatory purposes. Here, we evaluated the following two different pancreatic cell-based in vitro systems: the murine pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 as well as the human pancreatic β-cell line EndoC-βH1. Both were challenged with the following range of relevant concentrations of seven well-known EDCs: (bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-S (BPS), bisphenol-F (BPF), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)). The screening revealed that most of the tested chems. have detectable, deleterious effects on glucose-stimulated insulin release, insulin content, elec. activity, gene expression, and/or viability. Our data provide new mol. information on the direct effects of the selected chems. on key aspects of pancreatic β-cell function, such as the stimulus-secretion coupling and ion channel activity. In addition, we found that, in general, the sensitivity and responses were comparable to those from other in vivo studies reported in the literature. Overall, our results suggest that both systems can serve as effective tools for the rapid screening of potential MDC effects on pancreatic β-cell physiol. as well as for deciphering and better understanding the mol. mechanisms that underlie their action. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bisphenol chemicals disturb intestinal homeostasis via Notch/Wnt signaling and induce mucosal barrier dysregulation and inflammation was written by Zhu, Min;Wei, Rongguo;Li, Yuanyuan;Li, Jinbo;Dong, Mengqi;Chen, Xuanyue;Lv, Lin;Qin, Zhanfen. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Emerging evidence has shown that bisphenol A (BPA) can exert adverse effects on intestinal barrier in rodents, but little is known about its underlying mechanisms. We previously found BPA and its substitute bisphenol F (BPF) disrupted Notch signaling and altered intestinal histol. structures in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. The present study aimed to determine whether BPA and BPF could affect intestinal homeostasis via Notch/Wnt signaling and induce intestinal barrier dysregulation in adult mammals, given the fundamental roles of the two conserved signaling pathways in intestinal homeostasis and regulation of intestinal barrier. We found that following 7-day administration with BPA or BPF through drinking water at the reference dose of 50μg/kg/d and no observed adverse effect level of 5 mg/kg/d (NOAEL) of BPA, adult male mice displayed no alterations at histol. and cellular levels in colons, but high dose of both BPA and BPF downregulated the expression of Notch- and Wnt-related genes as well as key genes responsible for intestinal homeostasis. When administration was extended to 14 days, all treatments significantly suppressed the expression of all tested Notch- and Wnt-related genes; correspondingly, administrated colons exhibited downregulated expression of key genes responsible for intestinal homeostasis and reduced cell proliferation in crypts. Importantly, all treatments suppressed secretory cell differentiation, reduced mucin protein levels and downregulated expression of tight junction markers, implicating mucosal barrier dysregulation. Furthermore, inflammatory cell infiltration and upregulated expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in colons, coupled with increased serum inflammatory cytokine levels, were observed in all treatments. All results show that both BPA and BPF at the reference dose disrupted Notch/Wnt signaling and intestinal homeostasis, thereby leading to mucosal barrier dysregulation and intestinal inflammation in mice. This is the first study revealing the adverse influences of BPF on mammal intestines and underlying mechanisms for bisphenol-caused intestinal injury. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Formula: C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design and synthesis of gradient-refractive index isosorbide-based polycarbonates for optical uses was written by Chu, Junyu;Wang, Heng;Zhang, Yiwen;Li, Zhengkai;Zhang, Zhencai;He, Hongyan;Zhang, Qinqin;Xu, Fei. And the article was included in Reactive & Functional Polymers in 2022.SDS of cas: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The synthesis of bio-based polymers using renewable bio-monomers have received extensive research attention to meet the concept of environmental sustainability. Isosorbide (ISB) derived from biomass is commonly used in the polycarbonate industry as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) because it is green, non-toxic, and more widely available. Compared to BPA-based polycarbonate, isosorbide-based polycarbonate has excellent properties such as high transparency, easy coloration, and outstanding rigidity. However, the naturally low refractive index of isosorbide triggers the latter to fall outside the threshold of optical applications. In order to further improve the refractive index of isosorbide-based polycarbonate without affecting its transparency and rigidity, a copolymerization scheme of bisphenol monomers (BPs) with isosorbide is proposed in this work. A series of isosorbide-bisphenol copolycarbonates were synthesized by a melt polycondensation process using ionic liquid 1,4-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)butyl dibromide ([C₄(DABCO)₂][Br]₂) as the catalyst. As expected, the monomer structure had significant effect on the optical property and mol. weight of the copolycarbonates, the monomer bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) ether (BPO) had better reactivity among the screened seven monomers resulting in relatively higher mol. weight Moreover, poly(BPO-co-ISB carbonate) (POIC) using BPO as the monomer exhibited a high Abbe number (v_d = 39.7), low yellowness index (YI = 0.93), and a higher refractive index (n_d = 1.536), which was much higher than poly(isosorbide carbonate) (1.496). Therefore, a series of POICs were further prepared to investigate the effect of BPO content on the optical, thermal, mech., and hydrophobic properties of the materials. The results showed that the copolymers POICs had higher refractive indexes (1.511-1.573), better thermal stability, flexibility, hydrophobicity and processing-friendly glass transition temperature (T_g) and pencil hardness, and thus are expected to be sustainable materials for optical lenses. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8SDS of cas: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Self assembly of dialkoxo bridged dinuclear Fe(III) complex of pyridoxal Schiff base with C-C bond formation – Structure, spectral and magnetic properties was written by Muraskova, Viera;Szabo, Norbert;Pizl, Martin;Hoskovcova, Irena;Dusek, Michal;Huber, Stepan;Sedmidubsky, David. And the article was included in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2017.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The new dinuclear Fe(III) complex, [Fe₂(μ-L)₂]·3(H₂O)·0.38(O), [1, L (2) = (E)-2-(((5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-oxido-1κO-pyridin-4-yl)methylene)amino-1κN)-3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxido-1κO-pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-3-oxido-1:2κ²O-propanoato-2κO]^* (^*The second ligand has swapped indexes 1 and 2, denoting the individual Fe centers.), was synthesized by reaction of FeCl₃·6H₂O with potassium pyridoxylidenglycinate in ethanol-water solution Pentadentate pyridoxal Schiff base ligand was generated in situ by aldol condensation of potassium pyridoxylidenglycinate and pyridoxal. A C-C coupling was achieved at room temperature under metal template reaction. The complex was characterized by x-ray structural anal. at 100 K, elemental anal., spectral and magnetic measurements. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n, with a 9.7445(15), b 19.489(3), c 20.862(6) Å, β 92.595(17)°. Structural anal. of the complex showed that each Fe(III) center has a distorted octahedral FeNO₅ core, which is sixfold coordinated through iminic nitrogen atom, two phenoxido oxygen atoms, alkoxo oxygen atom and carboxylato oxygen atom from two Schiff-base ligands forming a rhombic arrangement of metal ions and oxygen atoms. In the structure, two Fe(III) atoms are connected with two alkoxo-bridging ligands providing covalent superexchange pathway by linkage Fe1-O-Fe2 with the Fe1···Fe2 distance of 3.195 Å. In the crystal lattice, the noncovalent interactions, hydrogen bonds, and π-π stacking interactions expand the mononuclear units to 3D supramol. network. The temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data (6.5-300 K) indicate that the octahedral Fe(III) centers in this complex retain high-spin S = 5/2 (⁶A_1g) in the whole temperature range. The effects of zero-field splitting (D = 7.67 cm^-1) and an antiferromagnetic coupling (J = -14.66 cm^-1) between the two alkoxo-oxygen bridged Fe(III) ions are discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enhanced protein translocation to mammalian cells by expression of EtgA transglycosylase in a synthetic injector E. coli strain was written by Alvarez, Beatriz;Munoz-Abad, Victor;Asensio-Calavia, Alejandro;Fernandez, Luis Angel. And the article was included in Microbial Cell Factories in 2022.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs) assemble a multiprotein complex termed the injectisome, which acts as a mol. syringe for translocation of specific effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells. The use of injectisomes for delivery of therapeutic proteins into mammalian cells is attractive for biomedical applications. With that aim, we previously generated a non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain, called Synthetic Injector E. coli (SIEC), which assembles functional injectisomes from enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The assembly of injectisomes in EPEC is assisted by the lytic transglycosylase EtgA, which degrades the peptidoglycan layer. As SIEC lacks EtgA, we investigated whether expression of this transglycosylase enhances the protein translocation capacity of the engineered bacterium. The etgA gene from EPEC was integrated into the SIEC chromosome under the control of the inducible tac promoter, generating the strain SIEC-eEtgA. The controlled expression of EtgA had no effect on the growth or viability of bacteria. Upon induction, injectisome assembly was sim 30% greater in SIEC-eEtgA than in the parental strain, as determined by the level of T3SS translocon proteins, the hemolytic activity of the bacterial strain, and the impairment in flagellar motility. The functionality of SIEC-eEtgA injectisomes was evaluated in a derivative strain carrying a synthetic operon (eLEE5), which was capable of delivering Tir effector protein into the cytoplasm of HeLa cells triggering F-actin polymerization beneath the attached bacterium. Lastly, using beta-lactamase as a reporter of T3SS-protein injection, we determined that the protein translocation capacity was sim 65% higher in the SIEC-EtgA strain than in the parental SIEC strain. We demonstrate that EtgA enhances the assembly of functional injectisomes in a synthetic injector E. coli strain, enabling the translocation of greater amounts of proteins into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Accordingly, EtgA expression may boost the protein translocation of SIEC strains programmed as living biotherapeutics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Electric Literature of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Diet quality and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals among US adults was written by Melough, Melissa M.;Maffini, Maricel V.;Otten, Jennifer J.;Sathyanarayana, Sheela. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Reference of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chems. (EDCs) may increase risk for chronic disease. Diet is a significant source of EDC exposure, yet healthy diets recommended for chronic disease prevention have not been thoroughly examined for associations with EDC exposure. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, we examined associations of dietary patterns with exposure to non-persistent EDCs potentially consumed through diet. EDCs were measured in spot urine samples. Diet was assessed using 24-h recalls. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations of three healthy diet scores [Healthy Eating Index (HEI), relative Mediterranean Diet (rMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] and fast-food consumption with EDCs. In fully adjusted models, no diet was associated with exposure to the bisphenols, phthalates, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons examined A 1-point increase in rMED (of 18 possible points) was associated with 2.7% (95% CI: 1.7%, 3.8%) greater urinary nitrate. A 10-point increase in HEI (of 100 possible points) was associated with 5.3% (95% CI: 2.8%, 7.9%) greater nitrate and 6.8% (95% CI: 4.5%, 9.2%) greater perchlorate. Because perchlorate and nitrate can disrupt thyroid hormone production, we conducted an exploratory anal. to examine whether these chems. mediate an association between diet and thyroid hormones. A 10-point increase in HEI was associated with 0.6% reduced serum total thyroxine (95% CI: 1.7%, 0.5%) among all adults, with 57.5% of the effect explained by perchlorate. Nitrate mediated an association of rMED with modestly reduced total triiodothyronine among females. Most EDCs examined had no association with the diets evaluated, indicating that recommended healthy diets were not protective against EDC exposures. As observed with two thyroid antagonists, some recommended diets may increase EDC exposures and related adverse health outcomes. Addnl. work should identify effective food production and processing practices to reduce dietary exposures to potentially harmful EDCs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Reference of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Reference of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A highly selective pyridoxal-based chemosensor for the detection of Zn(II) and application in live-cell imaging; X-ray crystallography of pyridoxal-TRIS Schiff-base Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes was written by Hussain, Anwar;Mariappan, Kadarkaraisamy;Cork, Dawson C.;Lewandowski, Luke D.;Shrestha, Prem K.;Giri, Samiksha;Wang, Xuejun;Sykes, Andrew G.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2021.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In a simple, one-step reaction, we have synthesized a pyridoxal-based chemosensor by reacting tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) together with pyridoxal hydrochloride to yield a Schiff-base ligand that is highly selective for the detection of Zn(II) ion. Both the ligand and the Zn(II) complex have been characterized by ¹H & ¹³C NMR, ESI-MS, CHN analyses, and X-ray crystallog. The optical properties of the synthesized ligand were investigated in an aqueous buffer solution and found to be highly selective and sensitive toward Zn(II) ion through a fluorescence turn-on response. The competition studies reveal the response for zinc ion is unaffected by all alkali and alk. earth metals; and suppressed by Cu(II) ion. The ligand itself shows a weak fluorescence intensity (quantum yield, Φ = 0.04), and the addition of zinc ion enhanced the fluorescence intensity 12-fold (quantum yield, Φ = 0.48). The detection limit for zinc ion was 2.77 x 10^-8 M, which is significantly lower than the WHO′s guideline (76.5 μM). Addition of EDTA to a solution containing the ligand-Zn(II) complex quenched the fluorescence, indicating the reversibility of Zn(II) binding. Stoichiometric studies indicated the formation of a 2 : 1 L2Zn complex with a binding constant of 1.2 x 10⁹ M^-2 (±25%). The crystal structure of the zinc complex shows the same hydrated L2Zn complex, with Zn(II) ion binding with an octahedral coordination geometry. We also synthesized the copper(II) complex of the ligand, and the crystal structure showed the formation of a 1 : 1 adduct, revealing 1-dimensional polymeric networks with octahedral coordinated Cu(II). The ligand was employed as a sensor to detect zinc ion in HEK293 cell lines derived from human embryonic kidney cells grown in tissue culture which showed strong luminescence in the presence of Zn(II). We believe that the outstanding turn-on response, sensitivity, selectivity, lower detection limit, and reversibility toward zinc ion will find further application in chem. and biol. science. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Long-term stability of several endocrine disruptors in the first morning urine samples and their associations with lifestyle characteristics was written by Jia, Lu-Lu;Luan, Yu-Ling;Shen, Hui-Min;Guo, Ying. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Related Products of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Parabens, triclosan (TCS), bisphenols, benzophenones, and phthalates are typical endocrine disruptors (EDs) with short half-lives in the human body. The concentration levels of those EDs in a spot urine sample are frequently used in exposure assessment studies, and the reproducibility of urinary levels of these nonpersistent EDs should be considered. In the present study, we consecutively collected 45-day first morning void (FMV) urine samples, as well as daily questionnaires, in six recruited participants and measured the urinary concentrations of six parabens, TCS, nine bisphenols, five benzophenones, and ten phthalate metabolites by using high-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. MeP, EtP, PrP, TCS, BPA, BPS, BPF, and most phthalate metabolites were frequently detected (over 62% of samples). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for ED concentrations in FMV urine samples ranged from fair to excellent for MeP (0.683), EtP (0.702), BPA (0.505), BPS (0.908), BPF (0.887), BP-3 (0.712), mMP (0.661), mEP (0.523), mBP (0.500), miBP (0.724), mBzP (0.961) and all metabolites of DEHP (0.867-0.957), whereas they were low for PrP (0.321) and TCS (0.306). After creatinine adjustment, the values of ICCs for most target EDs were increased with mild to significant improvement. The stability of ED concentrations was affected by daily diet (MeP, TCS, BPA, mMP, miBP, mBP and mBzP), food containers (PrP and mECPP), use of personal care products (HMWP metabolites), pharmaceuticals (EtP) and recorded activities (BPS, mEHP, mBzP, mEHHP and mEOHP), as confirmed by a general linear mixed model. Furthermore, extending the FMV sampling period improved the probability of acceptable reproducibility (ICCs > 0.40) of MeP, EtP, BP-3 and mEP concentrations For BPS, BPF and HMWP metabolite concentrations showed high probabilities (>80%) of acceptable reproducibility in the last three days, and the increasing sample size slowly improved the ability to discriminate the subjects. The results were exactly the opposite for BPA concentrations This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Related Products of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Validated single urinary assay designed for exposomic multi-class biomarkers of common environmental exposures was written by Jagani, Ravikumar;Pulivarthi, Divya;Patel, Dhavalkumar;Wright, Rosalind J.;Wright, Robert O.;Arora, Manish;Wolff, Mary S.;Andra, Syam S.. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Epidemiol. studies often call for anal. methods that use a small biospecimen volume to quantify trace level exposures to environmental chem. mixtures Currently, as many as 150 polar metabolites of environmental chems. have been found in urine. Therefore, we developed a multi-class method for quantitation of biomarkers in urine. A single sample preparation followed by three LC injections was optimized in a proof-of-approach for a multi-class method. The assay was validated to quantify 50 biomarkers of exposure in urine, belonging to 7 chem. classes and 16 sub-classes. The classes represent metabolites of 12 personal care and consumer product chems. (PCPs), 5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 18 pesticides, 5 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 4 tobacco alkaloids, and 1 drug of abuse. Human urine (0.2 mL) was spiked with isotope-labeled internal standards, enzymically deconjugated, extracted by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. The methanol eluate from the cleanup was split in half and the first half analyzed for PCPs, PAH, and OPFR on a Betasil C18 column; and pesticides and VOC on a Hypersil Gold AQ column. The second half was analyzed for tobacco smoke metabolites and a drug of abuse on a Synergi Polar RP column. Limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 ng/mL of urine, with the majority ≤0.5 ng/mL (42/50). Anal. precision, estimated as relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-batch uncertainty, variabilities, was <20%. Extraction recoveries ranged from 83 to 109%. Results from the optimized multi-class method were qualified in formal international proficiency testing programs. Further method customization options were explored and method expansion was demonstrated by inclusion of up to 101 analytes of endo- and exogenous chems. This exposome-scale assay is being used for population studies with savings of assay costs and biospecimens, providing both quant. results and the discovery of unexpected exposures. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Reference of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Reference of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts