Tag: 200-300

CHCl₃/triethanolamine: a new mixed solvent for preparing high-molecular-weight main-chain benzoxazines through Mannich-type polycondensation was written by Wang, Ping;Liu, Xuya;Lai, Hua;Li, Wei;Huang, Geng;Li, Yulin;Yang, Po. And the article was included in Polymer Journal (Tokyo, Japan) in 2022.Application of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Abstract: Mannich-type polycondensation with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenol) propane (BPA) and paraformaldehyde (PF) in different solvents was carried out to prepare main-chain benzoxazines. When pure CHCl3 was used as the solvent, the decomposition rate of PF in CHCl3 was very slow, thus preventing gelation caused by the formation of triazine in the early reaction, producing P(B-D)1 composed of partially closed and unclosed structures. The addition of alk. triethylamine into CHCl3 (CHCl3/triethylamine = 6:1) greatly enhanced the decomposition rate of PF but gave a large triazine gel. The introduction of triethanolamine into CHCl3 was found to promote the decomposition of PF, enhance the polymerization rate, and prevent gelation caused either by the formation of triazine or by the ring-opening of oxazine ring through a solvation effect. Polymers P(B-D) 6P(B-D)8 obtained in CHCl3/triethanolamine had a high-oxazine content and a high number mol. weight (Mn) near 8000. Further optimization of Mannich-type polycondensation in CHCl3/triethanolamine gave preferred conditions: a CHCl3/triethanolamine ratio of 4:1, a PF of 1.2 equiv and a reaction time of 24 h. Compared with P(B-D)1 and P(B-D)3 (obtained in toluene/ethanol), P(B-D)9 obtained under the optimized conditions showed a higher Mn (10,000) and a higher yield (97.0%). The optimized conditions were also applicable for other kinds of diamines and bisphenols. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New pyridoxal based chemosensor for selective detection of zinc ion: Application in live cell imaging and phosphatase activity response was written by Mandal, Senjuti;Sikdar, Yeasin;Maiti, Dilip K.;Sanyal, Ria;Das, Debasis;Mukherjee, Abhishek;Mandal, Sushil Kumar;Biswas, Jayanta Kumar;Bauza, Antonio;Frontera, Antonio;Goswami, Sanchita. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2017.Reference of 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Although a variety of fluorescence based chemosensors have been utilized for selective detection of Zn²⁺, pyridoxal containing simple Schiff bases still remained less explored. Here, we combine pyridoxal hydrochloride and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane to generate a new sensor mol., H4PydChda (5-Hydroxymethyl-4-((2-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridin-3-hydroxy-4-ylethylene)-amino)-cyclohexylimino)-methyl-2-methylpyridin-3-ol). Chemosensor H₄PydChda exhibits selective turn-on type response in presence of Zn²⁺ in ethanol-water mixture at physiol. pH. Appreciable fluorescence enhancement occurs upon addition of Zn²⁺ to H₄PydChda as a result of inhibited C=N isomerisation and excited state intramol. proton transfer leading to efficient chelation enhanced fluorescence. The relevant properties, including reversibility, life time measurements and detection limit have been determined for the sensor system. The exptl. and theor. supports in terms of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and DFT/ TDDFT study are provided to establish the binding mode of H₄PydChda to Zn²⁺. H₄PydChda was employed as a sensor for detection of Zn²⁺ in Human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. Moreover, the resulting probe-Zn²⁺complex shows convincing phosphatase activity k_cat = 21.59 s^-1 opening a promising avenue for further research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Reference of 65-22-5).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Reference of 65-22-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Binding and activity of bisphenol analogues to human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ was written by Li, Chuan-Hai;Zhang, Dong-Hui;Jiang, Li-Dan;Qi, Yuan;Guo, Liang-Hong. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Reference of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Several studies have indicated metabolic function disruption effects of bisphenol analogs through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma pathways. In the present study, we found for the first time that PPARβ/δ might be a novel cellular target of bisphenol analogs. By using the fluorescence competitive binding assay, we found seven bisphenol analogs could bind to PPARβ/δ directly, among which tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA, 18.38-fold) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA, 12.06-fold) exhibited stronger binding affinity than bisphenol A (BPA). In PPARβ/δ-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay, the seven bisphenol analogs showed transcriptional activity toward PPARβ/δ. Bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol B (BPB) even showed higher transcriptional activity than BPA, while TBBPA and TCBPA showed comparable activity with BPA. Moreover, in human liver HL-7702 cells, the bisphenol analogs promoted the expression of two PPARβ/δ target genes PDK4 and ANGPTL4. Mol. docking simulation indicated the binding potency of bisphenol analogs to PPARβ/δ might depend on halogenation and hydrophobicity and the transcriptional activity might depend on their binding affinity and hydrogen bond interactions. Overall, the PPARβ/δ pathway may provide a new mechanism for the metabolic function disruption of bisphenol analogs, and TBBPA and TCBPA might exert higher metabolic disruption effects than BPA via PPARβ/δ pathway. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Reference of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol F on porcine uterus contractility was written by Zygmuntowicz, Aleksandra;Markiewicz, Wlodzimierz;Grabowski, Tomasz;Jaroszewski, Jerzy. And the article was included in Journal of Veterinary Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenols, as endocrine disruptors, may cause a wide range of health problems in humans, but so far, not all of them have been confirmed in animals, including pigs. Since animals are also exposed to bisphenols, we hypothesised that these substances may have an effect on uterine contractility in pigs. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the most-used bisphenol, bisphenol A (BPA), and a selected analog, bisphenol F (BPF), on the contractile activity of the pig uterus. The investigation utilized smooth muscles from immature pigs (n = 6), cyclic pigs on days 12-14 of the oestrous cycle (n = 6) or early pregnant pigs on days 12-16 of pregnancy (n = 6). Strips of the myometrium were exposed to BPA and BPF at concentrations of 10-13-10-1 M. Smooth muscle contractility was determined with equipment for measuring isometric contractions. BPA caused a significant decrease in contraction amplitude, and frequency and in myometrial tension in all groups examined BPF caused a decrease in the amplitude and frequency of contractions in all groups and in myometrial tension in the early pregnant group. The obtained results indicate that both BPA and BPF relaxed the porcine myometrium, but these changes, especially in the amplitude and frequency of contractions, were more evident after BPF treatment. The extent of relaxation is dependent on the physiol. status of the animals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Temoneira-1 β-lactamase is not a metalloenzyme, but its native metal ion binding sites allow for purification by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography was written by Nafaee, Zeyad H.;Hunyadi-Gulyas, Eva;Gyurcsik, Bela. And the article was included in Protein Expression and Purification in 2023.Reference of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

β-lactamases protect bacteria from β-lactam antibiotics. Temoneira (TEM) is a class A serine β-lactamase and its coding sequence is designed into DNA vectors, such as pET-21a (+), to provide antibiotic resistance. TEM-1 β-lactamase was overexpressed efficiently from this vector upon inducing protein expression by IPTG in BL21(DE3) cells. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatog. (IMAC) was used based on the three native putative metal ion binding sites of TEM-1 β-lactamase, each consisting of a pair of histidine sidechains. Elution was achieved at low concentrations of imidazole (∼15-200 mM). Two steps of IMAC and a subsequent anion exchange purification produced highly pure TEM-1 β-lactamase with a yield of 1.9 mg/g of wet bacterial pellet weight Mass spectrometry revealed that the mature form of β-lactamase (without the signal sequence) was obtained. The secondary structure composition, calculated from the CD spectrum, showed that the target protein was folded similar to the published crystal structure. Ni(II) binding to the enzyme was also investigated. Increasing amounts of Ni(II) ions had only a small effect on the protein structure. Mass spectrometry detected up to three bound metal ions at 10:1 Ni(II):protein molar ratio, but the major peak was assigned to the monometallated β-lactamase indicating the presence of a paramount metal ion binding site formed by the H151/H156 pair. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Reference of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Structural divergence in binuclear Cu(II) pyridoxal Schiff base complexes probed by co-ligands: catecholase mimetic activity and sulphide ion sensing was written by Chakraborty, Moumita;Mondal, Antu;Chattopadhyay, Shyamal Kumar. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C8H10ClNO3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Three hydroxymethyl bridged Cu(II) complexes of a pyridoxal Schiff base ligand 4-((E)-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (LH) were synthesized and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic, electrochem. and structural properties. The x-ray crystal structures of the complexes reveal dual denticity of the ligand, bidenticity in the absence of a co-ligand as in complex 1, and tridenticity in the presence of a co-ligand such as SCN^–/N(CN)₂^– as in complexes 2 and 3. The complexes, though binuclear in the solid state, exist as a monomeric unit in solution due to the exceptionally long axial Cu-O_{hydroxymethyl} (2.4-2.5 Å) bond. All three complexes show efficient catalytic activities towards the aerial oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBCH₂) with k_cat values of 5.38 x 10⁴ h^-1, 1.18 x 10⁵ h^-1 and 1.06 x 10⁵ h^-1 in methanol. Complexes 1 and 2 also act as a selective sulfide ion sensor with K_b values of 6.6 x 10³ M^-1 and 8.1 x 10³ M^-1, resp., while their resp. L.O.D. values are 3.4μM and 3.2μM. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Formula: C8H10ClNO3).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C8H10ClNO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Regulated Expression of lpxC Allows for Reduction of Endotoxicity in Bordetella pertussis was written by Perez-Ortega, Jesus;van Boxtel, Ria;de Jonge, Eline F.;Tommassen, Jan. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Gram-neg. bacterium Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of a respiratory infection known as whooping cough. Previously developed whole-cell pertussis vaccines were effective, but appeared to be too reactogenic mainly due to the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also known as endotoxin) in the outer membrane (OM). Here, we investigated the possibility of reducing endotoxicity by modulating the LPS levels. The promoter of the lpxC gene, which encodes the first committed enzyme in LPS biosynthesis, was replaced by an iso-Pr β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter. The IPTG was essential for growth, even when the construct was moved into a strain that should allow for the replacement of LPS in the outer leaflet of the OM with phospholipids by defective phospholipid transporter Mla and OM phospholipase A. LpxC depletion in the absence of IPTG resulted in morphol. changes of the cells and in overproduction of outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs). The reduced amounts of LPS in whole-cell preparations and in isolated OMVs of LpxC-depleted cells resulted in lower activation of Toll-like receptor 4 in HEK-Blue reporter cells. We suggest that, besides lipid A engineering, also a reduction in LPS synthesis is an attractive strategy for the production of either whole-cell- or OMV-based vaccines, with reduced reactogenicity for B. pertussis and other Gram-neg. bacteria. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tartaric Acid-Assisted Synthesis of Well-Dispersed Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Hydroxyapatite for Efficient Phenol Hydrogenation was written by Zhu, Longfei;Ye, Sen;Zhu, Jiazheng;Duan, Chengjie;Li, Kun;He, Guangke;Liu, Xiang. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Developing highly active nonnoble-metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for selective hydrogenation is a long-sought goal due to the scarcity and high price of noble metals. Herein, well-dispersed and small-sized Ni nanoparticles (NPs) supported on hydroxyapatite (Ni-TA/HAP) were prepared using a simple tartaric acid (TA)-assisted impregnation method, which is based on the coupling interaction of strong electrostatic adsorption between the HAP and TA and reactive metal-ligand chelation between Ni and TA. Under mild conditions (e.g., 1 mol % Ni, 3 bar H₂ at 80°C), the as-synthesized Ni-TA/HAP exhibited excellent activity and selectivity (>99%) for the efficient hydrogenation of phenolic compounds to the corresponding cyclohexanols, as well as the controlled partial hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes. Characterization results revealed that TA addition could promote a better dispersion of Ni species and inhibit the aggregation of Ni NPs during the fabrication of the Ni-TA/HAP catalyst. An optimal TA dosage (n_TA/n_Ni = 0.5) as well as a low Ni loading (1.0 weight %) coconstructed the favorable microstructure of the well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles as the catalytic center. The hydrogenation was boosted by small-sized Ni nanoparticles with a high ability for H₂ activation and HAP with both base and acid sites for appreciating phenol absorption. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of monomer rigidity on microstructures and properties of novel polyamide thin-film composite membranes prepared through interfacial polymerization for pervaporation dehydration was written by Lee, Jen-Yu;Huang, Ting-Yi;Belle Marie Yap Ang, Micah;Huang, Shu-Hsien;Tsai, Hui-An;Jeng, Ru-Jong. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were produced through interfacial polymerization between diamine and trimesoyl chloride on a polyetherimide (PEI) support. The TFC membranes with different diamines, 4,4′-((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))dianiline (BAPP), 4,4′-((methylene bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))dianiline (MPDA), and 6,6′-bis(4-aminopheoxy)-4,4,4′,4′,7,7′-hexamethyl-2,2′-spirobichroman (SBC), were denoted as TFC_PEI/B, TFC_PEI/M, and TFC_PEI/S, resp. These three aromatic diamines have different central moieties that affect reactivity during the interfacial polymerization reaction. The crosslinking degree of the TFC membranes increased in the following order: TFC_PEI/S < TFC_PEI/M < TFC_PEI/B. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy anal. also unveils that TFC_PEI/B had the lowest free volume These results reveal that the appropriate steric structure of the diamine mols. can create less compact structure without impeding the formation of the crosslinked polyamide selective layer. Moreover, the TFC_PEI/B membrane had a flux of approx. 705±46 g•m^-2 h^-1, and the water concentration in the permeate was maintained at approx. 99.8% at 25° during the 70% isopropanol solution dehydration. Furthermore, the TFC_PEI/B membrane can be operated under broad operating conditions and possesses high long-term stability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cellulose@PO₃H: As an Efficient and Recyclable Ionic Liquid-Enabled Catalytic Greener Approach to One-Step Synthesis of Flavoring Ketones was written by Naikwadi, Dhanaji R.;Mehra, Sanjay;Ravi, Krishnan;Kumar, Arvind;Biradar, Ankush V.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.SDS of cas: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cellulose (CL) is widely available from the renewable biomaterial on the earth with a large number of hydroxyl functionalities on its surface. The appropriate modification of these functionalities results in the acidic and basic nature of the surface. In this work, the phosphoric group-functionalized CL ionic liquid (IL) has been successfully synthesized through phosphorylation of the CL surface. The phosphorus functionalization of CL was carried out in two steps; first, synthesis of IL (3, 5-lutidinium Me phosphate [Lut][(MeO)(H)PO₂]), followed by phosphorylation of cellulose (CLP-IL). Subsequently, CLP-IL has been characterized by various physicochem. techniques. Significant changes in the activity were observed, with marginal changes in the structural and morphol. properties of the native CL. CLP-IL has been utilized to synthesize industrially important flavoring ketones (FKs) via one-step alkylation-decarboxylation of active methylene compounds with substituted benzyl alcs. and halides. The functionalized CL IL could be quickly recovered in water and recycled at least five times without losing the catalytic activity. The optimized protocol has been successfully employed for the synthesis of FKs with an excellent conversion of substituted benzyl carbons in the range (90-100%) with 70-90% isolated yield of desired market valuable products. Furthermore, the mechanism was established by identifying the intermediates by physicochem. methods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8SDS of cas: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts