Tag: 200-300

A role for the last C-terminal helix of the F plasmid segregating protein SopA in nucleoid binding and plasmid maintenance was written by Mishra, Dipika;Jakhmola, Anirudh;Srinivasan, Ramanujam. And the article was included in Plasmid in 2022.Recommanded Product: 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is a growing global burden. Antibiotic resistance is often associated with large single or low copy number plasmids, which rely upon cytoskeletal proteins for their stable maintenance. While the mechanism of plasmid partitioning has been well established for the R plasmids, the mol. details by which the F plasmid is maintained is only beginning to emerge. The partitioning function of the F plasmid depends upon a ParA/ MinD family of proteins known as SopA. SopA, by virtue of its ATP-dependent non-specific DNA binding activity and association with the bacterial nucleoid, drives the segregation of the F plasmid into the daughter cells. This function further depends upon the stimulation of the ATPase activity of SopA by the SopBC complex. Here, we report that several residues in the last C-terminal helix in SopA play a crucial but distinct role in SopA function and plasmid maintenance. While the deletion of the last five residues in SopA does not affect its ability to bind the nucleoid or SopB, they severely affect the plasmid partitioning function. Further, we show that while mutations in certain polar residues in the C-terminal helix only mildly affect its localisation to the nucleoid, others cause defects in nsDNA binding and disrupt plasmid maintenance functions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Recommanded Product: 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

TRAIL/S-layer/graphene quantum dot nanohybrid enhanced stability and anticancer activity of TRAIL on colon cancer cells was written by Lotfollahzadeh, Shima;Hosseini, Elaheh Sadat;Mahmoudi Aznaveh, Hooman;Nikkhah, Maryam;Hosseinkhani, Saman. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Computed Properties of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), known as a cytokine of the TNF superfamily, is considered a promising antitumor agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells. However, failure of its successful translation into clinic has led to development of nano-based platforms aiming to improve TRAIL therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, we fabricated a novel TRAIL-S-layer fusion protein (S-TRAIL) conjugated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to benefit both the self-assembly of S-layer proteins, which leads to elevated TRAIL functional stability, and unique optical properties of GQDs. Noncovalent conjugation of biocompatible GQDs and soluble fusion protein was verified via UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, size and ζ-potential measurements and transmission electron microscopy. The potential anticancer efficacy of the nanohybrid system on intrinsically resistant cells to TRAIL (HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells) was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry, which indicated about 80% apoptosis in cancer cells. These results highlight the potential of TRAIL as a therapeutic protein that can be extensively improved by taking advantage of nanotechnol. and introduce S-TRAIL/GQD complex as a promising nanohybrid system in cancer treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Computed Properties of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The potential mechanism of BPF-induced neurotoxicity in adult zebrafish: Correlation between untargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota was written by Gu, Jie;Zhu, Yuanhui;Guo, Min;Yin, Xiaogang;Liang, Mengyuan;Lou, Xinyu;Chen, Jingrong;Zhou, Linjun;Fan, Deling;Shi, Lili;Hu, Guocheng;Ji, Guixiang. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Reference of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol F (BPF) is becoming the main substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) in plastics for food and beverage applications. Previous studies have demonstrated the neurotoxicity of BPF; however, its lifecycle toxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the current study, zebrafish were continuously exposed to BPF for four months from the embryo to adult stages in order to assess its neurotoxicity. Locomotor behaviors significantly decreased after BPF exposure, which was accompanied by a decrease in body weight, length, and hatching rate. Addnl., BPF increased the expression of inflammatory genes in the brain and destroyed the zebrafishes intestinal integrity. Meanwhile, the 16S rRNA gene sequence results showed a significantly decreased microbiota abundance and diversity following BPF treatment. Neurotransmitter metabolites were also altered by BPF. Notably, the correlation anal. between microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism verified that gut microbiota dysbiosis was closely related to the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolites. Therefore, the present study evaluated the neurotoxicity of lifecycle exposure to BPF and unraveled a novel mechanism involving disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism and gut dysbiosis, which may provide potential targets for BPF-mediated neurotoxicity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Reference of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Expression and purification of recombinant human CCL5 and its biological characterization was written by Ma, Zhenling;Zhang, Jiajia;Wang, Lei;Liu, Yiying;Wang, Yunpeng;Liu, Wei;Xing, Guozhen;Cheng, Kun;Zheng, Wenming;Xiang, Li. And the article was included in Protein Journal in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is crucial in the tumor microenvironment. It has been previously reported to act as a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the function of exogenous CCL5 in ovarian cancer has not been well-characterized. The present study attempted to express and purify recombinant CCL5 protein and investigate the exogenous CCL5 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation. The human CCL5 was amplified and inserted into the pET-30a vectors for prokaryotic expression in Escherichia coli BL21. Soluble His-CCL5 was successfully expressed with 0.1 mmol/L of isopropyl-β-D-1-tiogalactopiranoside at 25°C and purified by affinity chromatog. Addnl., Me thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay demonstrated that CCL5 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation; increases the phosphorylation levels of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase, and increases the mRNA levels of Jun, NF-κB2, Nras, Relb, and Traf2. Furthermore, treatment with the MEK inhibitor reduced the Jun, NF-κB2, and Traf2 mRNA levels, indicating that exogenous CCL5 increased ovarian cancer cell proliferation, through MEK/ERK pathway activation, and Jun, NF-κB2, and Traf2 expression. The present study provided primary data for further studies to discover more CCL5 functions in ovarian cancer. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In vitro and in vivo biofilm formation by pathogenic streptococci was written by Chao, Yashuan;Bergenfelz, Caroline;Hakansson, Anders P.. And the article was included in Methods in Molecular Biology in 2017.Product Details of 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This manuscript presents novel approaches to grow and evaluate Streptococcal biofilm formation using the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) as the main model organism on biol. surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Most biofilm models are based on growth on abiotic surfaces, which is relevant for many pathogens whose growth on surfaces or medical devices is a major cause of disease transmission and infections, especially in hospital environments. However, most infections with commensal organisms require biofilm formation on biol. surfaces in the host at the site of colonization or infection. In vitro model systems incorporating biol. components from the host and taking into account the host environment of the infectious site are not well described. In a series of publications, we have shown that S. pneumoniae form complex biofilms in the nasopharynx of mice and have devised methodol. to evaluate the biofilm structure and function in this environment. We have also been able to recapitulate this biofilm phenotype in vitro by incorporating crucial factors associated with the host environment. Although the protocols presented in this manuscript are focused on S. pneumoniae, the same methodol. can and has been used for other Streptococcal species that form biofilms on mucosal surfaces. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Product Details of 65-22-5).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 65-22-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Prenyltransferase from Streptomyces sp. NT11 and Development of a Recombinant Strain for the Production of 6-Prenylnaringenin was written by Qiu, Cong;Liu, Yang;Wu, Yangbao;Zhao, Linguo;Pei, Jianjun. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Prenyl groups increase the lipophilicity of flavonoids, endowing them with a special activity, selectivity, and pharmacol. properties by prenylation. Herein, a novel prenyltransferase (ShFPT) gene from Streptomyces sp. NT11 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its biochem. characteristics were determined ShFPT exhibited high selectivity to prenylate naringenin at C-6 to generate 6-prenylnaringenin. The optimal activity was observed at pH 6.0 and 55°C. The K_cat and K_m for naringenin were 0.0095 s^-1 and 0.20 mM, resp. Several promiscuous kinase and isopentenyl phosphate kinase genes were screened to develop the most efficient dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) synthesis pathway for 6-prenylnaringenin synthesis in E. coli. The 6-prenylnaringenin production was improved by changing the induction strategies and optimizing the bioconversion conditions. Finally, 6-prenylnaringenin production reached the highest yield of 69.9 mg/L with average productivity of 4.0 mg/L/h after 16 h incubation, which is the highest yield for any prenylated flavonoid reported to date in E. coli. Therefore, this study provides an efficient method for 6-prenylnaringenin production and reveals the DMAPP synthesis pathway. The sequence of the FPT gene was deposited in GenBank as accession Number MZ099963. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Recommanded Product: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mechanical interlocking of SWNTs with N-rich macrocycles for efficient ORR electrocatalysis was written by Zhang, Wanzheng;Guillen-Soler, Melanie;Moreno-Da Silva, Sara;Lopez-Moreno, Alejandro;Gonzalez, Luisa R.;Gimenez-Lopez, Maria del Carmen;Perez, Emilio M.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Substitutional N-doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes is a common strategy to enhance their electrocatalytic properties in the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we explore the encapsulation of SWNTs within N-rich macrocycles as an alternative strategy to display electroactive sites on the surface of SWNTs. We design and synthesize four types of mech. interlocked derivatives of SWNTs (MINTs) by combining two types of macrocycles and two types of SWNT samples. Comprehensive electrochem. characterization of these MINTs and their reference SWNTs allows us to establish structure-activity relationships. First, we show that all MINT samples are superior electrocatalysts compared to pristine SWNTs, which serves as general validation of our strategy. Secondly, we show that macrocycles displaying both N atoms and carbonyl groups perform better than those with N atoms only. Finally, we demonstrate that a tighter fit between macrocycles and SWNTs results in enhanced catalytic activity and stability, most likely due to a more effective charge-transfer between the SWNTs and the macrocycles. These results, focusing on the ORR as a testbed, show the possibility of understanding electrocatalytic performance of SWNTs at the mol. level and thus enable the design of more active and more stable catalysts in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Associations between urinary bisphenol A and its analogues and semen quality: A cross-sectional study among Chinese men from an infertility clinic was written by Chen, Pan-Pan;Liu, Chong;Zhang, Min;Miao, Yu;Cui, Fei-Peng;Deng, Yan-Ling;Luo, Qiong;Zeng, Jia-Yue;Shi, Tian;Lu, Ting-Ting;Yin, Wen-Jun;Lu, Wen-Qing;Yi, Gui-Lin;Qiu, Gao-Kung;Zeng, Qiang. And the article was included in Environment International in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Human studies on association between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and semen quality, mostly based on single urinary measurement, are inconsistent. There is limited human evidence on BPA analogs such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), and little is known on potential effects of bisphenol mixtures We aimed to explore whether individual or mixtures of BPA, BPS and BPF assessed in repeated urinary measurements were associated with semen quality among 984 Chinese men from an infertility clinic. We found that higher BPA exposure was associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) of having below-reference sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility and total motility (all P for trends < 0.05). Higher BPS exposure was associated with increased ORs of having below-reference progressive motility and total motility (both P for trends = 0.02); the ORs comparing extreme quartiles were 1.62 (95CI: 1.07, 2.43) and 1.57 (95CI: 1.06, 2.33), resp. Elevated risks for each outcome were also observed when bisphenol mixtures were at ≥ 55th percentiles. For semen quality parameters modeled as continuous outcomes, inverse associations with individual BPA and BPS and bisphenol mixtures were still estimated Our results suggested that higher exposure to individual BPA and BPS and bisphenol mixtures were associated with impaired semen quality. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Electric Literature of C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation and characterization of a polyclonal antibody against PTEN-Long was written by Yi, Xianyanling;Wang, Zhihong;Xiong, Xingyu;Zheng, Xiaonan;Peng, Ge;Xu, Hang;Wei, Qiang;Li, Hong;Zhu, Ye;Ai, Jianzhong. And the article was included in Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog-long (PTEN-L) is a translational isoform of PTEN, which exists in both intracellular and extracellular locations. Previous studies demonstrated that PTEN-L could inhibit oncogenesis due to its lipid phosphatase activity. However, recent studies found that PTEN-L could promote the proliferation of some types of cancer cells. Moreover, as a protein phosphatase, PTEN-L can suppress mitophagy by counteracting PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1)-Parkin-mediated ubiquitin phosphorylation, namely, PTEN-L is critical for exploring the mitophagy progression and the treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Accounting for the critical functions of PTEN-L, its antibody can be used for the treatment or prognosis of tumors and mitochondrial diseases. Currently, the com. antibody of PTEN-L is not available. In our study, the recombinant PTEN-L protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and used as an antigen to immunize Japan’s big-eared white rabbit for the preparation of polyclonal antibody. The PTEN-L protein can be captured by PTEN-L antibody specifically and effectively. Taken together, a PTEN_L antibody is a valuable tool for further exploring the function of PTEN-L in oncogenesis and mitochondrial diseases, and it would be a new choice for the prognosis or treatment of cancer and mitochondrial diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1COA of Formula: C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Escherichia coli robustly expresses ATP synthase at growth rate-maximizing concentrations was written by Rabbers, Iraes;Bruggeman, Frank J.. And the article was included in FEBS Journal in 2022.Application of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Fitness-enhancing adaptations of protein expression and its regulation are an important aspect of bacterial evolution. A key question is whether evolution has led to optimal protein expression that maximizes immediate growth rate (short-term fitness) in a robust manner (consistently across diverse conditions). Alternatively, they could display suboptimal short-term fitness, because they cannot do better or because they instead strive for long-term fitness maximization by, for instance, preparing for future conditions. To address this question, we focus on the ATP-producing enzyme F1F0 H+-ATPase, which is an abundant enzyme and ubiquitously expressed across conditions. Its expression is highly regulated and dependent on growth rate and nutrient conditions. For instance, during growth on sugars, when metabolism is overflowing acetate, glycolysis supplies most ATP, while H+-ATPase is the main source of ATP synthesis during growth on acetate. We tested the optimality of H+-ATPase expression in Escherichia coli across different nutrient conditions. In all tested conditions, wild-type E. coli expresses its H+-ATPase remarkably close (within a few per cent) to optimal concentrations that maximize immediate growth rate. This work indicates that bacteria can indeed achieve robust optimal protein expression for immediate growth-rate maximization. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Application of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts