Tag: 200-300

Mechanism of the Aryl-F Bond-Forming Step from Bi(V) Fluorides was written by Planas, Oriol;Peciukenas, Vytautas;Leutzsch, Markus;Noethling, Nils;Pantazis, Dimitrios A.;Cornella, Josep. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Application of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

The authors describe a combined exptl. and theor. mechanistic study of the C(sp²)-F bond formation from neutral and cationic high-valent organobismuth(V) fluorides, featuring a dianionic bis-aryl sulfoximine ligand. An exhaustive assessment of the substitution pattern in the ligand, the sulfoximine, and the reactive aryl on neutral triarylbismuth(V) difluorides revealed that formation of dimeric structures in solution promotes facile Ar-F bond formation. Noteworthy, theor. modeling of reductive elimination from neutral Bi(V) difluorides agrees with the exptl. determined kinetic and thermodn. parameters. Also, the addition of external fluoride sources leads to inactive octahedral anionic Bi(V) trifluoride salts, which decelerate reductive elimination. However, a parallel anal. for cationic bismuthonium fluorides revealed the crucial role of tetrafluoroborate anion as fluoride source. Both exptl. and theor. analyses conclude that C-F bond formation occurs through a low-energy five-membered transition-state pathway, where the F anion is delivered to a C(sp²) center, from a BF₄ anion, reminiscent of the Balz-Schiemann reaction. The knowledge gathered throughout the study permitted a rational assessment of the key parameters of several ligands, identifying the simple sulfone-based ligand family as an improved system for the stoichiometric and catalytic fluorination of arylboronic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Application of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Oxalohydrazide Ligands for Copper-Catalyzed C-O Coupling Reactions with High Turnover Numbers was written by Ray, Ritwika;Hartwig, John F.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Here, we report a class of ligands based on oxalohydrazide cores and N-amino pyrrole and N-amino indole units that generates long-lived copper catalysts for couplings that form the C-O bonds in biaryl ethers. These Cu-catalyzed coupling of phenols with aryl bromides occurred with turnovers up to 8000, a value which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than those of prior couplings to form biaryl ethers and nearly an order of magnitude higher than those of any prior copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides. This ligand also led to copper systems that catalyze the coupling of aryl chlorides with phenols and the coupling of aryl bromides and iodides with primary benzylic and aliphatic alcs. A wide variety of functional groups including nitriles, halides, ethers, ketones, amines, esters, amides, vinylarenes, alcs. and boronic acid esters were tolerated, and reactions occurred with aryl bromides in pharmaceutically related structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation and antioxidant activity of α-pyridoin and its derivatives was written by Hatanaka, Masashi;Takahashi, Kyoko;Nakamura, Shigeo;Mashino, Tadahiko. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2005.SDS of cas: 49669-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Focusing on α-pyridoin (1, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2-ethenediol) as the lead compound of the novel antioxidative enediol, we synthesized 5,5′- or 6,6′-bis-substituted derivatives of 1 from disubstituted pyridines. The antioxidant activity of 1 and its synthetic derivatives 2-7 was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) scavenging assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation In the DPPH assay, 1 exhibited an activity stronger than that of ascorbic acid, and 5,5′-dimethyl-(5) or 5,5′-dimethoxy-substituted derivatives (6) exhibited more potent activity than 1. The DPPH scavenging activities of α-pyridoins were correlated with their oxidation potential and thus the electron d. of enediol. 5 and 6 effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation in the rat liver microsome/tert-Bu hydroperoxide system. Therefore, 5 and 6 serve as good candidates for a pharmacol. useful enediol antioxidant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9SDS of cas: 49669-14-9).

2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 49669-14-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate in a hospital wristband was written by van Amerongen, Cynthia C. A.;Dahlin, Jakob;Isaksson, Marlene;Schuttelaar, Marie L. A.. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (1,6-HDDA) is a multifunctional acrylate and a potent sensitizer. To report a case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by 1,6-HDDA in a hospital wristband. A male patient presented with eczema on his wrist where he had worn a hospital wristband. Patch testing was performed with our extended European baseline series, addnl. series, and pieces of the hospital wristband. Thin-layer chromatog. (TLC) was performed with extracts from the wristband and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry was used for chem. anal. Pos. reactions were found to pieces of the wristband, including adhesive rim (+++), inside (+++), and outside (++); to multiple allergens in the (meth)acrylates series; and to extracts of the wristband in acetone and ethanol. Chem. anal. of the ethanol extract showed presence of lauryl acrylate and 1,6-HDDA. Patch testing with TLC strips and subsequent chem. anal. showed that the substance causing the strongest reaction was 1,6-HDDA, to which the patient had a confirmed pos. patch test reaction. 1,6-HDDA was identified as the culprit allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis caused by the hospital wristband. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-arylpropenoic acids catalyzed by rhodium(I) complexes of chiral ligands derived from some monosaccharides was written by Sunjic, Vitomir;Habus, Ivan;Comisso, Giovanni;Moimas, Flavio. And the article was included in Gazzetta Chimica Italiana in 1989.Electric Literature of C16H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Prochiral precursors, I and II, of (+)-Ketoprofen and (+)-Naproxen are hydrogenated in the presence of various Rh(I) complexes of chiral dephenylphosphines and diphenylphosphinites. Four ligands are derived from the monosaccharides, D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose, and L-arabinose. The optical yields (e.e.s. in %) varied from 10-50%, indicating that none of the substrates I and II behave as bidentate ligand within any of the examined catalytic species. The highest e.e. (45%) was obtained with II using the Rh(I) complex of chiral phosphine III as catalyst. No double asym. induction, e.g., with amide IV, has been reached when hydrogenation with the diastereomer of III was tried. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Electric Literature of C16H16O3).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C16H16O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pathways and metabolites of microbial degradation of selected acidic pharmaceutical and their occurrence in municipal wastewater treated by a membrane bioreactor was written by Quintana, Jose Benito;Weiss, Stefan;Reemtsma, Thorsten. And the article was included in Water Research in 2005.Electric Literature of C16H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Laboratory degradation tests with 5 acidic pharmaceuticals using activated sludge as inoculum under aerobic conditions were performed and microbial metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ketoprofen was partly mineralized as a sole source of carbon and energy and the metabolites determined by LC-MS suggest microbial ketoprofen degradation to proceed along the pathway known for biphenyls and related compounds Bezafibrate, naproxen and ibuprofen were degraded only cometabolically whereas no transformation was obtained for diclofenac. Some biodegradation intermediates in these batch tests could be tentatively identified by LC-MS. The 1st step in microbial bezafibrate degradation appears to be the hydrolytic cleavage of the amide bond, generating well degradable 4-chlorobenzoic acid as one of the hydrolysis products. As previously found for mammals, ether cleavage and formation of desmethylnaproxen was the initial step in microbial degradation of naproxen. Two isomers of hydroxy-ibuprofen were detected as intermediates in the mineralization of ibuprofen. Laboratory studies suggest that naproxen and ibuprofen can be fully mineralized whereas more stable metabolites occur in microbial ketoprofen and bezafibrate transformation, that may deserve further attention. A LC-MS method for the trace anal. of these metabolites in water was developed and applied to municipal wastewater. Municipal wastewater treatment by a membrane bioreactor may gradually improve the removal of these pharmaceuticals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Electric Literature of C16H16O3).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C16H16O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mixed Diboration of Alkynes Catalyzed by LiOH: Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-1,2-Diborylalkenes was written by Peng, Sihan;Liu, Guixia;Huang, Zheng. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.Electric Literature of C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

A diboration of terminal alkynes with an unsym. diboron reagent pinBBdan has been achieved using LiOH as the catalyst in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of MeOH, affording 1,2-diborylalkenes with different boryl groups. The reaction proceeds in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner through cis-addition of pinBBdan to the C-C triple bond, with the Bdan moiety being incorporated at the internal position. By taking advantage of the different reactivities of the two boryl groups, the mixed diboration product can undergo the sequential, chemoselective cross-couplings with aryl bromides to form trisubstituted alkenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Electric Literature of C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemoselective, Scalable Nickel-Electrocatalytic O-Arylation of Alcohols was written by Zhang, Hai-Jun;Chen, Longrui;Oderinde, Martins S.;Edwards, Jacob T.;Kawamata, Yu;Baran, Phil S.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Related Products of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Herein a Ni-catalyzed electrochem. driven protocol to afford aryl-alkyl ether bonds through O-arylation of alcs. was depicted. This electrochem. method did not require strong base, exogenous expensive transition metal catalysts (e.g., Ir, Ru), and could easily be scaled up in either a batch or flow setting. Interestingly, e-etherification exhibited an enhanced substrate scope over the mechanistically related photochem. variant as it tolerated tertiary amine functional groups in the alc. nucleophile. with a broad substrate scope in an operationally simple way. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Related Products of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Defensive Responses and Flavonoid Biosynthesis of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen under Wound Stress in Natural Conditions was written by Liu, Yang;Gao, Shixi;Zhang, Yuxiu;Zhang, Zhonglian;Wang, Qiuling;Xu, Yanhong;Wei, Jianhe. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Dracaena cochinchinensis has special defensive reactions against wound stress. Under wound stress, D. cochinchinensis generates a resin that is an important medicine known as dragon’s blood. However, the mol. mechanism underlying the defensive reactions is unclear. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on stems of D. cochinchinensis at different timepoints from the short term to the long term after wounding. According to the 378 identified compounds, wound-induced secondary metabolic processes exhibited three-phase characteristics: short term (0-5 days), middle term (10 days-3 mo), and long term (6-17 mo). The wound-induced transcriptome profile exhibited characteristics of four stages: within 24 h, 1-5 days, 10-30 days, and long term. The metabolic regulation in response to wound stress mainly involved the TCA cycle, glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis, along with some signal transduction pathways, which were all well connected. Flavonoid biosynthesis and modification were the main reactions against wound stress, mainly comprising 109 flavonoid metabolites and 93 wound-induced genes. A group of 21 genes encoding CHS, CHI, DFR, PPO, OMT, LAR, GST, and MYBs were closely related to loureirin B and loureirin C. Wound-induced responses at the metabolome and transcriptome level exhibited phase characteristics. Complex responses containing primary metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis are involved in the defense mechanism against wound stress in natural conditions, and flavonoid biosynthesis and modification are the main strategies of D. cochinchinensis in the long-term responses to wound stress. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of potential competitive inhibitors against With-No-Lysine kinase 1 for treating hypertension by virtualscreening, inverse pharmacophore-based lead optimization,and molecular dynamics simulations was written by Jonniya, N. A.;Sk, M. F.;Roy, R.;Kar, P.. And the article was included in SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research in 2022.Reference of 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

The With-No-Lysine (WNK) has received attention because of its involvement in hypertension. Genetic mutation in the genes of WNK, leading to its overexpression, has been reported in Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension, and thus WNK is considered a potential drug target. Herein, we have performed a highthroughput virtual screening of ∼11,000 compounds, mainly the natural phytochem. compounds and kinase inhibitory libraries, to find potential competitive inhibitors against WNK1. Initially, candidates with a docking score of ∼ -10.0 kcal/mol or less were selected to further screen their good pharmacol. properties by applying absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Finally, six docked compounds bearing appreciable binding affinities and WNK1 selectivity were complimented with 500 ns long all-atom mol. dynamic simulations. Subsequently, the MMPBSA scheme (Mol. Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area) suggested three phytochem. compounds C00000947, C00020451, and C00005031, with favorable binding affinity against WNK1. Among them, C00000947 acts as the most potent competitive inhibitor of WNK1. Further, inverse pharmacophore-based lead optimization of the C00000947 leads to one potential compound, meciadanol, which shows better binding affinity and specificity than C00000947 towards WNK1, which may be further exploited to develop effective therapeutics against WNK1-associated hypertension after in vitro and in vivo validation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Reference of 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts