Tag: 200-300

Morin attenuates dexamethasone-mediated oxidative stress and atrophy in mouse C2C12 skeletal myotubes was written by Ulla, Anayt;Uchida, Takayuki;Miki, Yukari;Sugiura, Kosuke;Higashitani, Atsushi;Kobayashi, Takeshi;Ohno, Ayako;Nakao, Reiko;Hirasaka, Katsuya;Sakakibara, Iori;Nikawa, Takeshi. And the article was included in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Glucocorticoids are the drugs most commonly used to manage inflammatory diseases. However, they are prone to inducing muscle atrophy by increasing muscle proteolysis and decreasing protein synthesis. Various studies have demonstrated that antioxidants can mitigate glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we investigated the effect of a potent antioxidative natural flavonoid, morin, on the muscle atrophy and oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone (Dex) using mouse C2C12 skeletal myotubes. Dex (10μM) enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 myotubes via glucocorticoid receptor. Moreover, Dex administration reduced the diameter and expression levels of the myosin heavy chain protein in C2C12 myotubes, together with the upregulation of muscle atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases, such as muscle atrophy Fbox protein 1/atrogin-1, muscle ring finger protein-1, and casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene-b. Dex also significantly decreased phosphorylated Foxo3a and increased total Foxo3a expression. Interestingly, Dexinduced ROS accumulation and Foxo3a expression were inhibited by morin (10μM) pretreatment. Morin also prevented the Dex-induced reduction of myotube thickness, together with muscle protein degradation and suppression of the upregulation of atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases. In conclusion, our results suggest that morin effectively prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy by reducing oxidative stress. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles supported on layered double hydroxide for heterogeneously catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexanols and cyclohexanones to phenols was written by Jin, Xiongjie;Taniguchi, Kento;Yamaguchi, Kazuya;Mizuno, Noritaka. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2016.Safety of tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

Phenol, an important industrial chem., is widely produced using the well-developed cumene process. However, demand for the development of a novel alternative method for synthesizing phenol from benzene has been increasing. Herein, we report a novel system for the synthesis of phenols through aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexanols and cyclohexanones, catalyzed by Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH)-supported Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles (Au-Pd/LDH). Although monometallic Au/LDH, Pd/LDH, and their phys. mixture showed almost no catalytic activity, Au-Pd/LDH exhibited markedly high catalytic activity for the dehydrogenative phenol production Moreover, the effect of supports was critical; despite the high catalytic performance of Au-Pd/LDH, Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles supported on Al₂O₃, TiO₂, MgO, and CeO₂ were ineffective. Various substituted cyclohexanols and cyclohexanones were efficiently converted into the corresponding phenols, and N-substituted anilines. In addition, the observed catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and Au-Pd/LDH could be reused without substantial loss of its high performance. The present transformation is scalable, utilizes O₂ in air as the terminal oxidant, and generates water as the only byproduct. Dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanols proceeds through (1) oxidation of cyclohexanols to cyclohexanones; (2) dehydrogenation of cyclohexanones to cyclohexenones; and (3) disproportionation of cyclohexenones to afford the desired phenols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 224309-64-2Safety of tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 224309-64-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rh^III-Catalyzed C-H (Het)arylation/Vinylation of N-2,6-Difluoroaryl Acrylamides was written by Wang, Huai-Wei;Qiao, Yu-Han;Wu, Jia-Xue;Wang, Qiu-Ping;Tian, Meng-Xin;Li, Yong-Fei;Yao, Qing-Xia;Li, Da-Cheng;Dou, Jian-Min;Lu, Yi. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2021.Safety of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Rh^III-catalyzed sp² C-H cross-coupling of acrylamides with organoboron reactants was accomplished using a com.available N-2,6-difluoroaryl acrylamide auxiliary. A broad range of aryl and vinyl boronates as well as a variety of heterocyclic boronates with strong coordinating ability served as the coupling partners. This transformation proceeded under moderate reaction conditions with excellent functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Safety of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ruthenium-Catalyzed (Z)-Selective Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes with Naphthalene-1,8-diaminatoborane was written by Yamamoto, Kensuke;Mohara, Yusei;Mutoh, Yuichiro;Saito, Shinichi. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Formula: C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

The metal-catalyzed (Z)-selective hydroboration of terminal alkynes is synthetically challenging due to the usually (E)-selective nature of the hydroboration and the formation of the thermodynamically unstable (Z)-isomer. Herein, the authors report that N-heterocyclic-carbene-ligated Ru complexes catalyze the (Z)-selective hydroboration of terminal alkynes with H-B(dan) (dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato), which generates a diverse range of synthetically valuable (Z)-alkenylboranes. Mechanistic studies, particularly the isolation of a catalytically relevant borylruthenium complex, revealed a mechanism that involves the insertion of the alkyne into a Ru-B bond, which provides a catalytic cycle that is distinctly different from that of previously reported (Z)-selective hydroborations. The direct cross-coupling of the obtained (Z)-alkenyl-B(dan) enables the rapid synthesis of biol. active Combretastatin A-4 analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Formula: C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines using Zn(ClO₄)₂-Al₂O₃ as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst was written by Maheswara, Muchchintala;Rao, Kummari Subba Venkata Krishna;Do, Jung Yun. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2008.Product Details of 40571-86-6 This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of β-amino alcs. by regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines in the presence of zinc perchlorate-neutral alumina as a heterogeneous recyclable catalyst at room temperature in high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Product Details of 40571-86-6).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 40571-86-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Phytochemical investigation of Cissus aralioides stems from Cote d′Ivoire was written by Kouassi, Affoue Delphine;Baguia-Broune, Fatou Diane Michelle;Ngaman-Kouassi, Kohue Christelle Chantal;Mamyrbekova-Bekro, Janat Akhanovna;Virieux, David;Bekro, Yves-Alain. And the article was included in American Journal of PharmTech Research in 2021.Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

As part of research on plants of interest for the floristic biodiversity of Cote d′Ivoire, a phytochem. investigation of the stems of Cissus aralioides, a species with medicinal properties of the botanical family Vitaceae, was produced. The mineral and organic compositions of said extract were determined, resp. by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and by GC-MS. Elemental chem. anal. revealed considerable levels of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn), macro elements (Ca, Mg, P, K), and the presence of other elements (Ba, Ti, La, Cs, Rb, Ta, Cd). Anal. by GC-MS shows the existence of several active ingredients such as phenol acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols. A major phytosterol (E-resveratrol) has been isolated from C. aralioides growing in Ivory Coast. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enzymatic method of preparation of optically active trans-2-amino cyclohexanol derivatives was written by Ursini, A.;Maragni, P.;Bismara, C.;Tamburini, B.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 1999.SDS of cas: 121282-70-0 This article mentions the following:

Supported Lipase Amano PS-D catalyzes the resolution of (±)-trans-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]cyclohexanol by a selective acylation reaction. Using the supported enzyme gave a much faster reaction compared to existing methodol. on similar substrates. A variety of acylating agents were investigated, with vinyl acetate providing the most practical and convenient procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 121282-70-0SDS of cas: 121282-70-0).

tert-Butyl (trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 121282-70-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 121282-70-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assembly of 4H-chromenes, imidazobenzothiazines and quinazolines via copper-catalyzed domino reactions using 2-halobenzyl tosylates as substrates was written by Omar, Mohamed A.;Conrad, Juergen;Beifuss, Uwe. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2014.SDS of cas: 60666-70-8 This article mentions the following:

The use of 2-halobenzyl tosylates as substrates in copper-catalyzed domino intermol. substitution/intramol. arylation processes for the efficient and selective preparation of heterocycles is reported for the first time. Reaction of 2-halobenzyl tosylates with β-ketoesters delivers 4H-chromenes with yields ranging between 59 and 89%. Imidazobenzothiazines are formed with yields up to 82% upon reaction of 2-halobenzyl tosylates with 2-mercaptoimidazoles. When 2-halobenzyl tosylates are reacted with benzamidines the corresponding quinazolines are obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8SDS of cas: 60666-70-8).

(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 60666-70-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study on the morphologies and electro-optical properties of cyano-phenyl-ester liquid crystals/polymer composite films prepared by a stepwise polymerization was written by Gao, Hongqi;Zhang, Shuaifeng;Saeed, Mohsin Hassan;Chen, Gang;Lin, Haonan;Huang, Junyi;Zhang, Lanying;Wang, Qian;Cao, Hui. And the article was included in Liquid Crystals in 2020.Product Details of 4074-88-8 This article mentions the following:

In this work, a series of liquid crystal mols. containing cyano-phenyl-ester was designed and synthesized. Subsequently, a novel cyano-phenyl-ester liquid crystals (CPE-LCs) with a wide temperature range from -30°C to 96.4°C were developed by mixturing these liquid crystal compositions Then as the host materials, the CPE-LCs were used for preparing polymer-dispersed and polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PD&SCLC) composite films by a stepwise polymerization The morphologies and electro-optical properties of the as-made composite films were systematically investigated through varying the acrylate liquid crystalline polymerizable monomers content, chiral doping R1011 content, applied elec. field intensity and polymerization time. Indeed, the formation of homeotropically aligned anisotropic polymer networks (HAAPNs) enabled to reduce the driving voltage of PD&SCLC from 86.6 V to 22.2 V with a reasonable contrast ratio. This work provides a new method to optimize PD&SCLC composite films in terms of the host liquid crystals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Product Details of 4074-88-8).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 4074-88-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-catalyzed/mediated borylation reactions of epoxides with diboron reagents: access to β-hydroxyl boronic esters was written by Ahmed, Ebrahim-Alkhalil M. A.;Lu, Xi;Gong, Tian-Jun;Zhang, Zhen-Qi;Xiao, Bin;Fu, Yao. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2017.Application of 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

The authors report the 1st Cu-catalyzed/mediated borylative ring opening reaction of epoxides. This process represents a direct borylative C(sp³)-O bond cleavage of terminal epoxide substrates with com. available diboron reagents. A wide range of epoxides with different functional groups are involved, and were subsequently converted to the corresponding β-hydroxyl boronic esters smoothly. Also, the ring opening product β-pinacol boronate alc. provided a more beneficial approach for the formation of C-C and C-N bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Application of 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts