Tag: 200-300

Hybrid Organo- and Biocatalytic Process for the Asymmetric Transformation of Alcohols into Amines in Aqueous Medium was written by Liardo, Elisa;Rios-Lombardia, Nicolas;Moris, Francisco;Rebolledo, Francisca;Gonzalez-Sabin, Javier. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2017.Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl ((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

A hybrid organo- and biocatalytic system for the asym. conversion of racemic alcs. into amines was developed. Combining an organocatalyst, AZADO, an oxidant, NaOCl, and an enzyme, ω-transaminase, implemented a one-pot oxidation-transamination sequential process in aqueous medium. The method showed broad substrate scope and was successfully applied to conventional secondary alcs. and sterically hindered β-substituted cycloalkanols, where a highly stereoselective dynamic asym. bioamination enabled us to set up both contiguous stereocenters with very high enantio- and diastereomeric ratio (>90% yield, >99% ee, and up to 49:1 dr). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl ((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 155975-19-2Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl ((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl ((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 155975-19-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl ((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Alkyl-GeMe₃: Neutral Metalloid Radical Precursors upon Visible-Light Photocatalysis was written by Xu, Qing-Hao;Wei, Li-Pu;Xiao, Bin. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Recommanded Product: 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Single-electron transfer (SET) oxidation of ionic hypervalent complexes, in particular alkyltrifluoroborates (Alkyl-BF₃^–) and alkylbis(catecholato)silicates (Alkyl-Si(cat)2^–), have contributed substantially to alkyl radical generation compared to alkali or alk. earth organometallics because of their excellent activity-stability balance. Herein, another proposal is reported by using neutral metalloid compounds, Alkyl-GeMe₃, as radical precursors. Alkyl-GeMe₃ shows comparable activity to that of Alkyl-BF₃– and Alkyl-Si(cat)₂– in radical addition reactions. Moreover, Alkyl-GeMe3 is the first successful group 14 tetraalkyl nucleophile in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling. Meanwhile, the neutral nature of these organogermanes offset the limitation of ionic precursors in purification and derivatization. A preliminary mechanism study suggests that an alkyl radical is generated from a tetraalkylgermane radical cation with the assistance of a nucleophile, which may also result in the development of more non-ionic alkyl radical precursors with a metalloid center. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Recommanded Product: 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fe(III)-catalyzed trityl benzyl ether formation and disproportionation cascade reactions to yield benzaldehydes was written by Wang, Xiaoyu;Du, Chuan;Shi, Hui;Pang, Yadong;Jin, Shengfei;Hou, Yuqian;Wang, Yanshi;Peng, Xiaoshi;Xiao, Jianyong;Liu, Yang;Liu, Yongxiang;Cheng, Maosheng. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2015.Formula: C7H6BrClO This article mentions the following:

During investigating water-compatible Lewis acids catalyzed etherifications using alcs. as alkylating reagents directly, Fe(III)-catalyzed trityl benzyl ether formations irradiated by microwave are developed. Then an in situ trityl benzyl ether formation and disproportionation cascade reaction was achieved to yield the benzaldehyde products with good functional group tolerances under neat conditions at relative higher temperatures The substituent effects of the substrates on the etherification and disproportionation were explored by changing the substitutions on benzyl alcs. and triarylmethanols using chem. kinetic plots methods and the mechanism of the transformation was studied by crossover experiments The etherification and disproportionation cascade process could be conveniently scaled up in laboratory without losing much efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8Formula: C7H6BrClO).

(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C7H6BrClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics reveals amino acid metabolism disorder in sepsis was written by Chen, Qi;Liang, Xi;Wu, Tianzhou;Jiang, Jing;Jiang, Yongpo;Zhang, Sheng;Ruan, Yanyun;Zhang, Huaping;Zhang, Chao;Chen, Peng;Lv, Yuhang;Xin, Jiaojiao;Shi, Dongyan;Chen, Xin;Li, Jun;Xu, Yinghe. And the article was included in Journal of Translational Medicine in 2022.Formula: C16H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory response to microbial infections with multiple organ dysfunction. This study analyzed untargeted metabolomics combined with proteomics of serum from patients with sepsis to reveal the underlying pathol. mechanisms involved in sepsis. A total of 63 patients with sepsis and 43 normal controls were enrolled from a prospective multicentre cohort. The biol. functions of the metabolome were assessed by coexpression network anal. A mol. network based on metabolomics and proteomics data was constructed to investigate the key mols. Untargeted metabolomics anal. revealed widespread dysregulation of amino acid metabolism, which regulates inflammation and immunity, in patients with sepsis. Seventy-three differentially expressed metabolites (|log₂ fold change| > 1.5, adjusted P value < 0.05 and variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.5) that could predict sepsis were identified. External validation of the hub metabolites was consistent with the derivation results (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC): 0.81-0.96/0.62-1.00). The pentose phosphate pathway was found to be related to sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Phenylalanine metabolism was associated with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. The key mol. alterations of the multiomics network in sepsis compared to normal controls implicate acute inflammatory response, platelet degranulation, myeloid cell activation involved in immune response and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis. Integrated anal. of untargeted metabolomics and proteomics revealed characteristic metabolite and protein alterations in sepsis, which were mainly involved in inflammation-related pathways and amino acid metabolism This study depicted the pathol. characteristics and pathways involved in sepsis and potential therapeutic targets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Formula: C16H16O3).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C16H16O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl Radicals Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation was written by Polites, Viktor C.;Badir, Shorouk O.;Keess, Sebastian;Jolit, Anais;Molander, Gary A.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2021.Product Details of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and Ni-catalyzed functionalization of BCP redox-active esters with (hetero)aryl bromides via the action of a photoactive electron donor-acceptor complex were reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Product Details of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Differentially Protected Diboron for Regioselective Diboration of Alkynes: Internal-Selective Cross-Coupling of 1-Alkene-1,2-diboronic Acid Derivatives was written by Iwadate, Noriyuki;Suginome, Michinori. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

A differentially protected diboron bearing the naphthalene-1,8-diaminato group on one of the two boron atoms undergoes highly regioselective diboration with terminal alkynes in the presence of Pt or Ir catalysts, giving 1-alkene-1,2-diboronic acid derivatives in which the less reactive B(dan) group is located at the terminal position. The products undergo selective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with aryl bromides at the internal boronyl group, leading to the formation of 2,2-disubstituted alkenylboronic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ancestral chemotypes of cultivated grapevine with resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae-related dieback allocate metabolism towards bioactive stilbenes was written by Khattab, Islam M.;Sahi, Vaidurya P.;Baltenweck, Raymonde;Maia-Grondard, Alessandra;Hugueney, Philippe;Bieler, Eva;Duerrenberger, Markus;Riemann, Michael;Nick, Peter. And the article was included in New Phytologist in 2021.Reference of 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

Summary : Grapevine trunk diseases have devastating consequences on vineyards worldwide. European wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera subs. sylvestris) from the last viable population in Germany along the Rhine river showed variable degrees of resistance against Neofusicoccum parvum (strain Bt-67), a fungus associated with Botryosphaeriaceae-related dieback. Representative genotypes from different subclades of this population were mapped with respect to their ability to induce wood necrosis, as well as their defense responses in a controlled inoculation system. The difference in colonization patterns could be confirmed by cryo-SEM, while there was no relationship between vessel diameter and infection success. Resistant lines accumulated more stilbenes, that were in addition significantly partitioned to nonglycosylated viniferin trimers. By contrast, the susceptible genotypes accumulated less stilbenes with a significantly higher proportion of glycosylated piceid. We suggest a model in which in the resistant genotypes phenylpropanoid metabolism is channelled rapidly and specifically to the bioactive stilbenes. Our study specifies a resistant chemotype against grapevines trunk diseases and paves a way to breed for resistance against grapevine Botryosphaeriaceae-related dieback. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Reference of 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mushroom tyrosinase immobilized in metal-organic frameworks as an excellent catalyst for both catecholic product synthesis and phenolic wastewater treatment was written by Wei, Chun-Mei;Feng, Chao-Yun;Li, Shuangfei;Zou, Yong;Yang, Zhen. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology in 2022.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND : Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention with ever-expanding applications. Developing new MOF-based immobilized enzymes with new applications is required, not only for demonstrating the generality and applicability of using MOFs for enzyme immobilization, but also to provide potential biocatalysts for industrial applications. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of immobilizing mushroom tyrosinase on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), with two new applications being developed. RESULTS : Upon immobilization through a one-pot in situ encapsulation approach, the resultant tyrosinase@ZIF-8 was characterized in structural features and catalytic properties. It was much more stable against pH and temperature relative to the free enzyme. The new biocatalyst was highly efficient in catalyzing the synthesis of catecholic products with pharmacol. benefits (L-DOPA, piceatannol and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene) and in eliminating phenolic pollutants (phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol). Excellent productivities were obtained for the synthesis of the three catecholic products (0.14, 1.38 and 1.46 g L-1 h-1, resp.). A complete removal of the three phenolic pollutants was achieved within 2.5 h, superior to other processes mediated by the same enzyme, or others, immobilized on different supports. The reusability of the new biocatalyst can be remarkably improved by entrapment into polyvinyl alc.-alginate gel. CONCLUSIONS : Tyrosinase can be immobilized on a new type of MOF with advantages such as easy preparation and excellent catalytic performance. This novel immobilization strategy for tyrosinase offers an excellent biocatalyst potent for both catecholic product synthesis and phenolic wastewater treatment. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry (SCI). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6SDS of cas: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Piceatannol protects against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via direct inhibition of JAK2 was written by Xie, Lingpeng;Wu, Yuting;Zhou, Chuying;Tan, Zhangbin;Xu, Honglin;Chen, Guanghong;Chen, Hongmei;Huang, Guiqiong;Fan, Huijie;Gao, Lei;Liu, Bin;Zhou, Yingchun. And the article was included in International Immunopharmacology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) represents one of the serious complications secondary to sepsis, which is a leading cause of the high mortality rate among septic cases. Subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis, together with the uncontrolled inflammatory response, has been suggested to be closely related to SIMD. Piceatannol (PIC) is verified with potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, but its function and mol. mechanism in SIMD remain unknown so far. This study aimed to explore the potential role and mechanism of action of PIC in resisting SIMD. The interaction of PIC with JAK2 proteins was evaluated by mol. docking, mol. dynamics (MD) simulation and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The cecal ligation and puncture-induced septicemia mice and the LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were prepared as the models in vivo and in vitro, sep. Mol. docking showed that JAK2-PIC complex had the -8.279 kcal/mol binding energy. MD simulations showed that JAK2-PIC binding was stable. SPRi anal. also showed that PIC has a strong binding affinity to JAK2. PIC treatment significantly ameliorated the cardiac function, attenuated the sepsis-induced myocardial loss, and suppressed the myocardial inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Further detection revealed that PIC inhibited the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, which was tightly associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Importantly, pre-incubation with a JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) partially blocked the cardioprotective effects of PIC. Collectively, the findings demonstrated that PIC restored the impaired cardiac function by attenuating the sepsis-induced apoptosis and inflammation via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway both in septic mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Three stilbenes make difference to the antifungal effects on ochratoxin A and its precursor production of Aspergillus carbonarius was written by Cai, Xinyu;Qi, Jianrui;Xu, Zhe;Huang, Lingxuan;Li, Yihan;Ren, Xueyan;Kong, Qingjun. And the article was included in Food Microbiology in 2022.Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

The present study demonstrated the toxic effects of stilbenes on fungi, which were related to the structures of the stilbenes. Pterostilbene with methoxy had the best antifungal properties, followed by piceatannol, which has a catechol structure, and finally resveratrol. The inhibitory effects of stilbenes at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mM on A. carbonarius mycelia growth and spore germination were assessed by plate inhibition tests and poisoned food technique. Predicted by SPSS software, the IC₅₀ values of resveratrol, piceatannol, and pterostilbene were 5.10, 1.80, and 0.28 mM, resp. In addition, SEM (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that 0.4 mM pterostilbene treatment induced incompleteness of the sporangium and distortion of the mycelial structure. Antitoxic activities of stilbenes were pos. correlated with their antifungal activities. 1.6 mM pterostilbene suppressed OTA synthesis better (63.48%) than 1.6 mM piceatannol (25.91%) and 1.6 mM resveratrol (22.98%). Furthermore, in the presence of stilbenes, the examined biosynthetic genes, and regulatory factors like NRPS, PKS, LaeA, HAL, bZIP, and P 450 were remarkably downregulated to reduce OTA/OTB production Increased levels of total stilbenes in grapes after fungal infestation can slow down the increased rate in OTA levels. It indicated stilbenes could be used as naturally safe and efficient compounds in food active packaging or preservatives against OTA in food. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts