Tag: 200-300

Piceatannol SNEDDS Attenuates Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia in Rats by Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Axes was written by Binmahfouz, Lenah S.;Eid, Basma G.;Bagher, Amina M.;Shaik, Rasheed A.;Binmahfouz, Najlaa S.;Abdel-Naim, Ashraf B.. And the article was included in Nutrients in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the most common risk factor for endometrial malignancy in females. The pathogenesis of EH has been directly linked to uterine inflammation, which can result in abnormal cell division and decreased apoptosis. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural polyphenolic stilbene, is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential preventive role of PIC in estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced EH in rats. A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was prepared to improve the solubility of the PIC. Therefore, thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg), (3) EB (0.6 mg/kg), (4) EB + PIC SNEDDS (5 mg/kg) and (5) EB + PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg). The administration of PIC SNEDDS prevented EB-induced increases in uterine weights and histopathol. changes. Addnl., it displayed pro-apoptotic and antioxidant activity in the endometrium. Immunohistochem. staining of uterine sections co-treated with PIC SNEDDS showed significantly decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This anti-inflammatory effect was further confirmed by a significant increase in Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. These results indicate that SNEDDS nanoformulation of PIC possesses protective effects against exptl. induced EH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Antiarylative Cyclization of Alkynones was written by Zhou, Zhijun;Liu, Wenfeng;Kong, Wangqing. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

A new catalyst system for the antiarylative cyclization of alkynones and aryl halides through a reductive cross-coupling strategy is developed. The transformation proceeds smoothly in the absence of organometallic reagents and features high functional group tolerance. This method provides an effective platform to access a wide variety of synthetically useful endocyclic tetrasubstituted allylic alcs. in a stereoselective manner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biodegradable fibrous scaffolds with diverse properties by electrospinning candidates from a combinatorial macromer library was written by Metter, Robert B.;Ifkovits, Jamie L.;Hou, Kevin;Vincent, Ludovic;Hsu, Benjamin;Wang, Louis;Mauck, Robert L.;Burdick, Jason A.. And the article was included in Acta Biomaterialia in 2010.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The properties of electrospun fibrous scaffolds, including degradation, mechanics and cellular interactions, are important for their use in tissue engineering applications. Although some diversity has been obtained previously in fibrous scaffolds, optimization of scaffold properties relies on iterative techniques in both polymer synthesis and processing. Here, we electrospun candidates from a combinatorial library of biodegradable and photopolymerizable poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) to show that the diversity in properties found in this library is retained when processed into fibrous scaffolds. Specifically, three PBAE macromers were electrospun into scaffolds and possessed similar initial mech. properties, but exhibited mass loss ranging from rapid (complete degradation within ∼2 wk) to moderate (complete degradation within ∼3 mo) to slow (only partial degradation after 3 mo). These trends in mechanics and degradation mimicked what was previously observed in the bulk polymers. Although cellular adhesion was dependent on the polymer composition in films, adhesion to scaffolds that were electrospun with gelatin was similar on all formulations and controls. To further illustrate the diverse properties that are attainable in these systems, the fastest and slowest degrading polymers were electrospun together into one scaffold, but as distinct fiber populations. This dual-polymer scaffold exhibited behavior in mass loss and mechanics with time that fell between the single-polymer scaffolds. In general, this work indicates that combinatorial libraries may be an important source of information and specific polymer compositions for the fabrication of electrospun fibrous scaffolds with tunable properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Formal β-C-H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis was written by Liu, Kun;Studer, Armido. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Recommanded Product: 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

A method that uses cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis for the formal β-C-H arylation of aldehydes and ketones via their readily prepared enol ethers e.g., [(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)oxy]tris(propan-2-yl)silaneas with (hetero)aryl bromides RBr (R = Ph, 1-benzofuran-5-yl, quinolin-3-yl, etc.) were reported. The method features mild conditions, remarkable scope and wide functional group tolerance. Importantly, the introduced synthetic strategy also allows the β-alkenylation, β-alkynation and β-acylation of aldehydes under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation proceeds through a single electron oxidation/Ni-mediated coupling/reductive elimination cascade. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Recommanded Product: 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Three-Component Alkene Difunctionalization by Direct and Selective Activation of Aliphatic C-H Bonds was written by Xu, Sheng;Chen, Herong;Zhou, Zhijun;Kong, Wangqing. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Product Details of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Catalytic alkene difunctionalization is a powerful strategy for the rapid assembly of complex mols. and has wide range of applications in synthetic chem. Despite significant progress, a compelling challenge that still needs to be solved is the installation of highly functionalized C(sp³)-hybridized centers without requiring pre-activated substrates. We herein report that inexpensive and easy-to-synthesize decatungstate photo-HAT, in combination with nickel catalysis, provides a versatile platform for three-component alkene difunctionalization through direct and selective activation of aliphatic C-H bonds. Compared with previous studies, the significant advantages of this strategy are that the most abundant hydrocarbons are used as feedstocks, and various highly functionalized tertiary, secondary, and primary C(sp³)-hybrid centers can be easily installed. The practicability of this strategy is demonstrated in the selective late-stage functionalization of natural products and the concise synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant mols. including Piragliatin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Product Details of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Curbing the Deregulation of Glycosylation in Tongue Carcinoma Cells with Natural Compounds was written by Mehta, Kruti A.;Patel, Kinjal A.;Kunnumakkara, Ajai B.;Patel, Prabhudas S.. And the article was included in Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Aberrant glycosylation has been recently considered as a major hallmark of cancer. Furthermore, we have reported that aberrant glycosylation, mainly sialylation and fucosylation, plays a major role in oral cancer progression and metastasis. In the present study, we evaluated the role of tobacco compounds (4-NQO, NNK, Benzopyrene), natural compounds (Curcumin, Butein and Piceatannol) and commonly used chemotherapeutic compound (Cisplatin) on sialylation and fucosylation transcript levels in the tongue cancer cell line (SAS). The SAS cells were treated with the tobacco compounds, natural compounds and Cisplatin after obtaining their IC₅₀ values using MTT assay. After 24 h treatment of the compounds, RNA was isolated from the cells and converted to cDNA. RT-qPCR was performed for mRNA expression of glycosylation transcripts. The treatment of tobacco compounds on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels of ST3GAL1, NEU3, FUT5 and FUT6 in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of Curcumin and Butein resulted in lower mRNA levels of FUT8, whereas dose-dependent higher mRNA levels of FUT3 were also observed after the treatment of Curcumin. SAS cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in ST3GAL2, FUT5 and FUT8 mRNA after Piceatannol treatment. Furthermore, Cisplatin treatment on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels of FUT3 as the concentration increased from 100μM to 200μM. While, treatment of Cisplatin resulted in decreased mRNA levels of ST3GAL2, ST3GAL3, FUT5 and FUT8 in a dose-dependent manner. All together, the data revealed Piceatannol as a potent synergistic for Cisplatin to target the altered glycosylation for better treatment management of tongue carcinoma. The study provides a normal approach of targeting aberrant glycosylation with natural compounds, which may open the possibility of newer therapeutic strategies using natural compounds alone or in combination with other conventional therapies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6COA of Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Practical, efficient, and broadly applicable synthesis of readily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds by catalytic three-component reactions was written by Radomkit, Suttipol;Liu, Zhenxing;Closs, Anna;Mikus, Malte S.;Hoveyda, Amir H.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2017.Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

A practical, efficient and broadly applicable catalytic method for synthesis of easily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds is presented. Reactions are promoted by a combination of PCy₃ or PPh₃, CuCl and LiOt-Bu and may be performed with readily accessible alkenyl boronate substrates. Through the use of an alkenyl-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) or alkenyl-B(dan) (dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato) starting material and com. available (pin)B-B(dan) or B₂(pin)₂ as the reagent, a range of vicinal diboronates, including those that contain a B-substituted quaternary carbon center, may be prepared in up to 91% yield and with >98% site selectivity. High enantioselectivities can be obtained (up to 96:4 er) through the use of com. available chiral bis-phosphine ligands for reactions that afford mixed diboronate products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Light radiation promoted stilbene accumulation in peanut sprouts: a response of the reestablishment of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis was written by Zhu, Tong;Yang, Jinghui;Zhang, Di;Cai, Qinqin;Shen, Yi;Tu, Siying;Tu, Kang. And the article was included in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum in 2021.COA of Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

The effect of light radiation on stilbene induction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of peanut sprouts were explored in this study. Firstly, different types of light sources with same intensity, including white light-emitting diode (LED), UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, were used to radiate peanuts during germination. Results showed contents of stilbenes and total phenolics were significantly promoted by light radiation and different types of stilbene compound were significantly induced in response to different types of light. Secondly, UV-C radiation was selected to treat peanuts with different intensities during germination. Results showed contents of stilbenes, total phenolics, total flavonoids, activity of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyse (PAL) increased significantly with the increasing UV-C intensity. H2O2 showed a remarkable neg. correlation with stilbenes, antioxidants, PAL, peroxidase and catalase. Contents of stilbenes and antioxidants of peanut sprouts could be increased by light radiation effectively in the germination process and the underlying inducing mechanism by UV-C radiation was involved with the mediation of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6COA of Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Zirconium-Promoted Reductive Cyclization was written by Mori, Miwako;Uesaka, Noriaki;Saitoh, Fumihiko;Shibasaki, Masakatsu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1994.COA of Formula: C13H19NO This article mentions the following:

Perhydroindole derivatives were prepared from enynes using zirconium-promoted reductive cyclization. The zirconacycles derived from enynes I (R¹ = benzyl, etc.; R² = TMS, Me, etc.) were treated with iodine, isonitriles, oxygen, and carbon monoxide to give various heterocycles. The carbon-zirconium bonds of the zirconacycle could be selectively cleaved by different reagents. For example, treatment of N-(2-butynyl)-N-(2-cyclohexenyl)benzenamine I (R¹ = benzyl; R₂ = Me) with bis(η⁵-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)zirconium and subsequent carbonylation gave II (18% yield). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6COA of Formula: C13H19NO).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C13H19NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The Bark of the Spruce Picea jezoensis Is a Rich Source of Stilbenes was written by Suprun, Andrey R.;Dubrovina, Alexandra S.;Aleynova, Olga A.;Kiselev, Konstantin V.. And the article was included in Metabolites in 2021.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Stilbenes are plant phenolic secondary metabolites that show beneficial effects on human health and possess high antifungal activity against plant pathogens. Currently, a search for plant sources with high stilbene levels is relevant, since stilbene content in various plant species can vary substantially and is often at a low level. In this paper, the bark and wood of Picea jezoensis were analyzed for the content and composition of stilbenes and compared with other known stilbene sources. The HPLC-MS anal. of P. jezoensis bark and wood extracted with different solvents and at different temperatures revealed the presence of 11 and 5 stilbenes, resp. The highest number of stilbenes of 171 and 229 mg per g of the dry weight (mg/g DW) was extracted from the bark of P. jezoensis using methanol or ethanol at 60 °C for 2 h. Trans-astringin, trans-piceid, and trans-isorhapontin prevailed over other stilbenoids (99% of all detected stilbenes). The most abundant stilbene was trans-isorhapontin, reaching 217 mg/g DW or 87% of all stilbenes. An increase in the extraction time from 2 to 6 h did not considerably increase the detected level of stilbenes, while lower extraction temperatures (20 and 40 °C) significantly lowered stilbene yield. The content of stilbenes in the P. jezoensis bark considerably exceeded stilbene levels in other stilbene-producing plant species. The present data revealed that the bark of P. jezoensis is a rich source of stilbenes (primarily trans-isorhapontin) and provided effective stilbene extraction procedures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts