Tag: 100-200

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Class of γ-Secretase Modulators with PPARγ Activity was written by Hieke, Martina;Ness, Julia;Steri, Ramona;Dittrich, Michaela;Greiner, Christine;Werz, Oliver;Baumann, Karlheinz;Schubert-Zsilavecz, Manfred;Weggen, Sascha;Zettl, Heiko. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

We present a novel class of dual modulators of γ-secretase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) based on the structure of 2-(bis(phenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoic acid (I, IC₅₀(Aβ42) = 22.8 μM, EC₅₀(PPARγ) = 8.3 μM). The modulation of both targets with approved drugs (i.e., amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42)-lowering NSAIDs for γ-secretase and glitazones for PPARγ) has demonstrated beneficial effects in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, although NSAIDs and PPARγ agonists share similar structural features, no druglike compounds with dual activities as γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) and PPARγ agonists have been designed so far. On the basis of our initial lead structure I, we present the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of broad structural variations. A significant improvement was reached by the introduction of p-trifluoromethyl substituents at the Ph residues yielding compound 2-(4,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoic acid (II, IC₅₀(Aβ42) = 6.0 μM, EC₅₀(PPARγ) = 11.0 μM) and the replacement of the two Ph residues of I by cyclohexyl yielding a compound with IC₅₀(Aβ42) = 5.1 μM and EC₅₀(PPARγ) = 6.6 μM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Reference of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Total synthesis and study of biologically active lignans. 6. Total synthesis of (±)-iso-β-peltatin and its analogs was written by Loriot, Michel;Robin, Jean Pierre;Brown, Eric. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1984.Name: Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol This article mentions the following:

2-Benzyloxypiperonal (I, R = CH₂Ph), a key intermediate in the synthesis of (±)-iso-β-peltatin (II), was obtained by bromination of 4-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole, followed by treatment with excess BuLi, HCONMePh, aq HCl, PhCH₂Cl-K₂CO₃. I (R = Me, CH₂Ph) were transformed into the corresponding β-(2-alkoxy 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactones III. α-Hydroxyalkylation of III (R = CH₂Ph) with 3,4,5-(MeO)₃C₆H₂CHO, followed by cyclization and hydrogenolysis afforded II in good yield. Similarly, α-hydroxyalkylation of III (R = Me) with 4,3,5-R¹O(MeO)₂C₆H₂CHO(R¹ = Me, H), followed by cyclization, afforded good yields of (±)-iso-β-peltatin O-Me ether and (±)-iso-α-peltatin O-Me ether, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2Name: Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol).

Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A One-Pot/Single-Analysis Approach to Substrate Scope Investigations Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) was written by O’Neil, Gregory W.;Nelson, Robert K.;Wright, Alicia M.;Reddy, Christopher M.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Formula: C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

A representative substrate scope study for an enantioselective catalytic ketone-reduction was performed as a single reaction on a mixture containing equimolar amounts of nine (9) prototypical compounds The resulting analyte pool containing 18 potential products from nine different reactions could all be completely resolved in a single chromatog. injection using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. (GC×GC) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, allowing for simultaneous determination of percent conversion and enantiomeric excess for each substrate. The results obtained for an enantioselective iron-catalyzed asym. transfer hydrogenation using this 1-pot/single-anal. approach were similar to those reported for the individualized reactions, demonstrating the utility of this strategy for streamlining substrate scope studies. Also, for this particular catalyst, activity and selectivity were not greatly affected by the presence of other ketones or enantioenriched reduced products. This approach allows for faster and greener analyses that are central to new reaction development, as well as an opportunity to gain further insights into other established transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Formula: C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Anti-oil-fouling Au/BiOCl coating for visible light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria was written by Su, Chunping;Cheng, Mengxi;Tian, Fan;Chen, Fengxi;Chen, Rong. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

In this work, gold/bismuth oxychloride (Au/BiOCl) nanocomposites with different morphologies were successfully prepared by simple solvothermal method and sodium borohydride reduction method, which exhibited significantly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic disinfection for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Particularly, the flower-like Au/BiOCl nanocomposite showed the highest photocatalytic bactericidal performance among the prepared Au/BiOCl samples. The radical trapping experiments revealed that the hole was the main reactive species responsible for the inactivation of S.aureus over Au/BiOCl composite. The enhanced photocatalytic bactericidal effect could be attributed to the enhanced adsorption intensity of visible light that originated from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au, rapid transfer and space transport of hot electrons caused by the hierarchical structure of BiOCl layered compound Furthermore, the Au/BiOCl coating prepared on stainless steel wire mesh via in-situ synthesis method exhibited excellent superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic performance, which endowed the coating with anti-oil-fouling in water. More importantly, compared with Au/BiOCl powder catalyst, the prepared Au/BiOCl coating with anti-oil-fouling also possessed high photocatalytic bactericidal activity and stable recycling performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Synthetic Route of C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Synthetic Route of C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enzyme activation by water-mimicking dual-functionalized ionic liquids was written by Zhao, Hua;Martin, Caden J.;Larm, Nathaniel E.;Baker, Gary A.;Trujillo, Tyler C.. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2021.COA of Formula: C6H15NO This article mentions the following:

Biocatalytic synthesis represents a green alternative to metal-catalyzed reactions. However, enzymes typically display much lower catalytic activities in nonaqueous solvents than in aqueous media. To mimic the aqueous environment for enzyme activation, this study designed a series of sixteen dual-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) that contain both glycol ether (hydrogen-bond acceptor) and tert-alc. (hydrogen-bond donor) groups. These “water-like” ILs enabled high transesterification activities for immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) known as Novozym 435 and immobilized Bacillus licheniformis protease (known as subtilisin A), resp. Several water-mimicking ILs containing 2-3 vol% water significantly increased the CALB activity by 1.8-fold of that in tert-butanol, and 1.6-fold of that in diisopropyl ether (both organic solvents are highly enzyme-compatible). To a smaller degree, subtilisin was activated by these ionic solvents up to 1.2-fold (with 100% selectivity at 2 vol% water) than by diisopropyl ether. Fluorescence emission spectra suggested that the characteristic emission maximum peaks were maintained in “water-like” ILs in most cases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9COA of Formula: C6H15NO).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C6H15NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iron-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen β-C(sp³)-Methylation of Alcohols was written by Polidano, Kurt;Williams, Jonathan M. J.;Morrill, Louis C.. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2019.Product Details of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

Herein we report the iron-catalyzed β-C(sp³)-methylation of primary alcs. using methanol as a C1 building block. This borrowing hydrogen approach employs a well-defined bench-stable (cyclopentadienone)iron(0) carbonyl complex as precatalyst (5 mol %) and enables a diverse selection of substituted 2-arylethanols to undergo β-C(sp³)-methylation in good isolated yields (24 examples, 65% average yield). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Product Details of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volatile Donor-Functionalized Alkoxy Derivatives of Lutetium and Their Structural Characterization was written by Anwander, Reiner;Munck, Florian C.;Priermeier, Thomas;Scherer, Wolfgang;Runte, Oliver;Herrmann, Wolfgang A.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 1997.Recommanded Product: 14123-48-9 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of β-functionalized alcs. HOCR₂CH₂do (1a, do = OMe, R = Me; 1b, do = OMe, R = Et; 1c, do = NMe₂, R = Me) with Ln[N(SiMe₃)₃]₃ yields highly volatile (sublimation < 100°/10^-3 Torr) and n-hexane-soluble homoleptic alkoxide complexes [Ln(OCR₂CH₂do)₃] (2a–d, Ln = Y, Lu). A single-crystal x-ray diffraction study of Lu(OCMe₂CH₂OMe)₃ (2a) revealed a dinuclear complex with significantly polarized metal centers originating from unsym. ligand association (triple-bridging). Unintentional employment of H₂O-contaminated alc. 1a gave a hexane-soluble white residue exhibiting a substantially increased sublimation temperature (>220°/10^-3 mbar). Crystallization of the residue affords single crystals featuring the tetranuclear constitution Lu₄(O)(OH)(OCMe₂CH₂OMe)₉ (3a). 3A represents an unprecedented lanthanide alkoxide comprising both oxo and hydroxo units in addition to alkoxide ligands. The Lu₄O₁₅-core structure of 3a adopts a butterfly rather than a tetrahedral geometry. Potentially tridentate alcs. HOCBu^t(CH₂OPrⁱ₂)₂ and HOCPrⁱ₂CH₂OCH₂OMe afford alkoxide complexes Nd(OR)₃ of reduced volatility. 2A crystallizes from hexane at -35° in space group P2₁/n with a 13.510(1), b 15.130(1), c 38.953(4) Å, β 93.11(1)°, and Z = 8. Least-squares refinement of the model based on 11,747 reflections (I > 2.0 σ(I)) converged to a final R = 3.5%. 3A crystallizes from n-hexane at -35° in space group Cc with a 21.63(1), b 14.49(3), c 21.04(2) Å, β 109.70(3)°, and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement of the model based on 6124 reflections (I > 3.0 σ(I)) converged to a final R = 6.7%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Recommanded Product: 14123-48-9).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 14123-48-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Oxidative Fluorination of Alkylsilanes by Fluoride Ions was written by Xu, Peng;Wang, Feng;Fan, Guilan;Xu, Xiufang;Tang, Pingping. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2017.Related Products of 94022-96-5 This article mentions the following:

The first example of a hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated oxidative fluorination of alkylsilanes by fluoride ions without the use of transition metals is demonstrated. This reaction is operationally simple, scalable, and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of a single-electron transfer resulting from the interaction of an organopentafluorosilicate and aryliodonium difluoride, which were generated in situ from the corresponding alkylsilane and iodosobenzene, resp., in the presence of fluoride ions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Related Products of 94022-96-5).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 94022-96-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Skin Barrier Enhancing Alternative Preservation Strategy of O/W Emulsions by Water Activity Reduction with Natural Multifunctional Ingredients was written by Nadarzynski, Alexandra;Scholz, Jonas;Schroeder, Markus S.. And the article was included in Cosmetics in 2022.Reference of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Water activity (a_w) as an important parameter for self-preservation can help to control microbial growth in cosmetic formulations. However, high amounts of water-binding substances are required to lower the a_w enough to affect microbial growth. Since consequences for the skin barrier have been poorly studied so far, we investigated the effect of a_w-lowering agents on both the antimicrobial properties of o/w emulsions and skin physiol. parameters. A combination of selected natural humectants (Sodium lactate, Propanediol, Erythritol, Betaine and Sodium PCA) with a total concentration of 28 wt% in an o/w emulsion was able to reduce its a_w from 0.980 ± 0.003 to 0.865 ± 0.005. The challenge test results of the a_w-lowered emulsion showed a convincing microbial count reduction in potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The addition of as little as 0.5% of the antimicrobial multifunctionals Glyceryl Caprylate and Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract further enhanced the antimicrobial effect, resulting in adequate antimicrobial protection. Moreover, twice-daily application of the a_w-lowered emulsion for a period of four weeks led to a skin barrier-enhancing effect: TEWL significantly decreased, and SC hydration significantly increased. Thus, we present an opportunity to replace conventional preservatives with a natural alternative preservation strategy that has been shown to offer benefits for the skin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Reference of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photoactive poly(ethylene glycol) organosilane films for site-specific protein immobilization was written by Nivens, Delana A.;Conrad, David W.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2002.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

We describe the synthesis, characterization, and use of a new photoactive organosilane developed for the photoimmobilization of proteins. Thin films of 2-nitro-5-[11-(trimethoxysilyl)undecyl]oxybenzyl methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) propanoate are characterized using at. force microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. When this organosilane is used to modify silicon substrates, the solvent used during deposition affects the surface concentration and morphol. of the resultant film. Although films deposited from either aqueous buffer or anhydrous toluene can be used to attach proteins to surfaces, films deposited from aqueous buffer display 4-6 times less nonspecific protein adsorption that those deposited from toluene. Modification of surfaces with this type of photoactive and protein “rejecting” film should aid in the development of high-resolution protein microarrays. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts