Tag: 100-200

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and synergism with florfenicol from the essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Cymbopogon citratus against Aeromonas hydrophila was written by Felix e Silva, Altiery;Pires, Isabelle C.;da Costa, Mateus M.;Melo, Jose F. B.;Lorenzo, Vitor P.;de Melo, Fulvio V. S. T.;Copatti, Carlos E.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2022.Formula: C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic bacterium, with a high capacity for biofilm production, which can cause severe damage in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to identify the chem. compounds of the essential oils of Lippia sidoides (EOLS) and Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC), and to evaluate the biocidal, antibiofilm and synergistic action with the antimicrobial florfenicol of these essential oils (EOs) against A. hydrophila. The antibacterial activity of EOLS and EOCC was verified by the min. bactericidal concentration and by the action of these EOs against both forming and consolidated biofilms. The synergistic activity of EOs with florfenicol was performed using the checkerboard technique. The main component of EOLS and EOCC was carvacrol (44.50%) and α-citral (73.56%), resp. Both EOs showed weak inhibitory activity (≥3125.00 μg ml-1). Two bacterial isolates were able to produce biofilm, and EOLS and EOCC acted upon the bacterial isolates to prevent biofilm formation. A bactericidal effect was verified for EOLS in the previously consolidated biofilm for both isolates and for EOCC in only one of the isolates. In general, EOLS had a synergistic effect with florfenicol, while EOCF had an additive effect. Both EOs were able to interfere with biofilm formation and did not have an antagonistic effect in combination with florfenicol. The best results were found for EOLS, which showed a synergistic effect with florfenicol and the ability to interfere in the formation of consolidated biofilm. This study highlights the potential of EOLS and EOCC to interfere in biofilm and act in synergy with florfenicol to reduce the occurrence of A. hydrophila. Development of these compounds may contribute to the development of herbal medicines in aquaculture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Formula: C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and structures of gallium alkoxides was written by Basharat, Siama;Knapp, Caroline E.;Carmalt, Claire J.;Barnett, Sarah A.;Tocher, Derek A.. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2008.Electric Literature of C6H15NO This article mentions the following:

Homoleptic gallium tris(alkoxides), [Ga(OR)₃]₂ (R = CH₂CH₂NMe₂ (2), CHMeCH₂NMe₂ (3), CMe₂CH₂OMe (4), CH₂CH₂OMe (5)), were prepared by the reaction of [Ga(NMe₂)₃]₂ (1) and excess ROH in toluene at room temperature Compounds 2–5 were isolated as colorless oils. The side-products, [Ga(OCH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂Cl] (6), [Ga(OCHMeCH₂NMe₂)₂Cl] (7) and [Ga(OCMe₂CH₂OMe)Cl₂]₂ (8) were also isolated in low yield during the synthesis of 2, 3 and 4, resp. However, compounds 6 and 7 were also prepared directly from the reaction of [Ga(NMe₂)₂Cl] and 2 equiv of ROH. Similarly, compound 8 was isolated from the reaction of [Ga(NMe₂)Cl₂] and 1 equiv of HOCMe₂CH₂OMe. Single crystal x-ray crystallog. showed that the gallium bis(alkoxides) (6 and 7) are monomeric in the solid state with the Ga center adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. In contrast, the gallium mono(alkoxide) 8 is dimeric. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Electric Literature of C6H15NO).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C6H15NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fe₃O₄@CS-Ni: An efficient and recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst for α-alkylation of ketones with benzyl alcohols by borrowing hydrogen methodology was written by Taheri-Torbati, Mina;Eshghi, Hossein. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

This paper reports a heterogeneous magnetic impressive nickel catalyst in which Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have been coated with chitosan and decorated with nickel nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@CS-Ni). This catalyst has been used for direct α-alkylation of aryl ketones with substituted benzyl alcs. through borrowing hydrogen and dehydrogenation mechanism that affords the corresponding α-benzyl ketones, with good to excellent yield. The core-shell morphol. has been confirmed with different anal. techniques such as Fourier-transform IR (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), SEM (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SEM mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and thermogravimetric anal. (TGA). Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered from the reaction mixture by using an external magnetic field and reused for six successive cycles without a considerable decrease in catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Application In Synthesis of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heterogeneous asymmetric transfer hydrogenation with mesoporous silica SBA-15-supported Ru-TsCHDA catalyst was written by Jung, Ji-Young;Sarkar, M. S.;Jin, Myung-Jong. And the article was included in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis in 2007.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

Chiral TsCHDA was successfully anchored on SBA-15 silica material. The mesoporous system was used as an efficient heterogeneous chiral ligand in the asym. transfer hydrogenation of ketones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Computed Properties of C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Environmentally relevant exposure to TBBPA and its analogues may not drastically affect human early cardiac development was written by Zhao, Miaomiao;Yin, Nuoya;Yang, Renjun;Li, Shichang;Zhang, Shuxian;Faiola, Francesco. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Electric Literature of C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its substitutes and derivatives have been widely used as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), in the past few decades. As a consequence, these compounds are frequently detected in the environment, as well as human bodily fluids, especially umbilical cord blood and breast milk. This has raised awareness of their potential risks to fetuses and infants. In this study, we employed human embryonic stem cell differentiation models to assess the potential developmental toxicity of six TBBPA-like compounds, at human relevant nanomolar concentrations To mimic early embryonic development, we utilized embryoid body-based 3D differentiation in presence of the six HFRs. Transcriptomics data showed that HFR exposure over 16 days of differentiation only interfered with the expression of a few genes, indicating those six HFRs may not have specific tissue/organ targets during embryonic development. Nevertheless, further analyses revealed that some cardiac-related genes were dysregulated. Since the heart is also the first organ to develop, we employed a cardiac differentiation model to analyze the six HFRs’ potential developmental toxicity in more depth. Overall, HFRs of interest did not significantly disturb the canonical WNT pathway, which is an essential signal transduction pathway for cardiac development. In addition, the six HFRs showed only mild changes in gene expression levels for cardiomyocyte markers, such as NKX2.5, MYH7, and MYL4, as well as a significant down-regulation of some but not all the epicardial and smooth muscle cell markers selected. Taken together, our results show that the six studied HFRs, at human relevant concentrations, may impose negligible effects on embryogenesis and heart development. Nevertheless, higher exposure doses might affect the early stages of heart development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Electric Literature of C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rapid Glycolysis of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers via a Stepwise Feeding Process was written by Lei, Dandan;Sun, Xiao-Li;Hu, Shasha;Cheng, Huibin;Chen, Qinghua;Qian, Qingrong;Xiao, Qiao;Cao, Changlin;Xiao, Lireng;Huang, Baoquan. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Recycling waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers is critical for both environmental and resource protection. However, the PET fiber possesses good chem. stability and high crystallinity, resulting in the conversion of PET. Herein, we developed a strategy of stepwise feeding process to recycle PET fibers and recover the potential monomer by adding it to the glycolysis agent diethylene glycol after it had been warmed up to reaction temperature The results show a significant increase in the PET fiber conversion (92.5%) and yield of water-soluble products (70.4%) in 90 min as compared to a one-step feeding process of 28 and 14.4%, resp. These water-soluble products are monomers and dimers which are confirmed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatog. It is also obviously found that the conversion of PET and yields of fibers are lower than those of bottle flakes and particles. In addition, a ‘column shrinkage model’ is proposed to describe the glycolysis process of the fibers. The apparent reaction activation energy of fibers was derived as 27.19 kJ/mol, which is somewhat higher than those of PET bottle flakes and particles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A programmable polymer library that enables the construction of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers containing logic gates was written by Zhang, Penghui;Gao, Di;An, Keli;Shen, Qi;Wang, Chen;Zhang, Yuchao;Pan, Xiaoshu;Chen, Xigao;Lyv, Yifan;Cui, Cheng;Liang, Tingxizi;Duan, Xiaoman;Liu, Jie;Yang, Tielin;Hu, Xiaoxiao;Zhu, Jun-Jie;Xu, Feng;Tan, Weihong. And the article was included in Nature Chemistry in 2020.Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Stimuli-responsive biomaterials that contain logic gates hold great potential for detecting and responding to pathol. markers as part of clin. therapies. However, a major barrier is the lack of a generalized system that can be used to easily assemble different ligand-responsive units to form programmable nanodevices for advanced biocomputation. Here we develop a programmable polymer library by including responsive units in building blocks with similar structure and reactivity. Using these polymers, we have developed a series of smart nanocarriers with hierarchical structures containing logic gates linked to self-immolative motifs. Designed with disease biomarkers as inputs, our logic devices showed site-specific release of multiple therapeutics (including kinase inhibitors, drugs and short interfering RNA) in vitro and in vivo. We expect that this ‘plug and play’ platform will be expanded towards smart biomaterial engineering for therapeutic delivery, precision medicine, tissue engineering and stem cell therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Single component self-assembled monolayers of aromatic azo-biphenyl: influence of the packing tightness on the SAM structure and light-induced molecular movements was written by Elbing, Mark;Blaszczyk, Alfred;von Haenisch, Carsten;Mayor, Marcel;Ferri, Violetta;Grave, Christian;Rampi, Maria Anita;Pace, Giuseppina;Samori, Paolo;Shaporenko, Andrei;Zharnikov, Michael. And the article was included in Advanced Functional Materials in 2008.Recommanded Product: 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

Aiming at modulating the packing d. within functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), two azo-biphenyl derivatives AZO1 and AZO2 comprising a terminal sulfur anchor group have been designed and synthesized. While AZO1 allows for a coplanar arrangement of both biphenyl subunits, addnl. steric repulsion due to two Me side groups attached to the footing biphenyl of AZO2 results in an increased intermol. distance within the SAM, providing addnl. free volume SAMs of both derivatives on gold and platinum substrates have been formed and thoroughly investigated by photoelectron (XPS) and near-edge absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry and scanning tunneling microscopy. These measurements confirmed the formation of tightly packed SAMs for AZO1, while AZO2 formed SAMs consisting of less organized and more loosely packed mols. Optical investigations of both azo derivatives in solution as well as their SAMs displayed efficient photoisomerization in solution and in SAMs. Comparable maximal cis/trans ratios of ca. 0.9 have been observed in all cases upon irradiation at λ = 370 and 360 nm for AZO1 and AZO2, resp. The thermally induced cis → trans back reaction on AZO1 was found to be slower by a factor of 3 in SAMs as compared to solution, while AZO2 displayed comparable rates of the back reaction in both environments. This behavior can be explained by the different nature of mol. isomerization in the two SAM systems: whereas the isomerization in AZO1 SAMs takes place in a highly coordinated, collective way and involves many adjacent mols., AZO2 species behave rather individually even packed in SAMs, such that their isomerization process is similar in SAMs and in solutions In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Recommanded Product: 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tetrahydrochromenoimidazoles as Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers (P-CABs): Structure – Activity Relationship of Their Antisecretory Properties and Their Affinity toward the hERG Channel was written by Palmer, Andreas M.;Chiesa, Vittoria;Schmid, Anja;Muench, Gabriela;Grobbel, Burkhard;Zimmermann, Peter J.;Brehm, Christof;Buhr, Wilm;Simon, Wolfgang-Alexander;Kromer, Wolfgang;Postius, Stefan;Volz, Jurgen;Hess, Dietmar. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Potassium-competitive acid blockers constitute a new therapeutic option for the treatment of acid-related diseases that are widespread and constitute a significant economical burden. Enantiomerically pure (tetrahydro)chromenoimidazoles I [R¹ = 2-MeC₆H₄, R² = Et, R³ = H; R¹ = 2-(c-C₃H₅)C₆H₄, R² = R³ = Me, etc.] were prepared using either the readily available candidate I (R¹ = 2-MeC₆H₄, R² = R³ = Me) as starting material or where the Noyori asym. reduction of ketones, e.g., II, was the key reaction. A comprehensive SAR regarding the influence of the 5-carboxamide and the 8-aryl residue on in vitro activity, acid-suppression in the Ghosh Schild rat, and affinity toward the hERG channel was established. In addition, efficacy and duration of the antisecretory action was examined for the most promising target compounds by 24 h pH-metry in the fistula dog and a significantly different SAR was observed as compared to the Ghosh Schild rat. Several (tetrahydro)chromenoimidazoles were identified that possessed a comparable profile as the candidate I (R¹ = 2-MeC₆H₄, R² = R³ = Me). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Extraction of neonicotinoid pesticides from aquatic environmental matrices with sustainable terpenoids and eutectic solvents was written by Gutierrez-Sanchez, Pablo;Navarro, Pablo;Alvarez-Torrellas, Silvia;Garcia, Juan;Larriba, Marcos. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Computed Properties of C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The potential environmental impact and adverse effects of the occurrence of pesticides in the aquatic environment have raised great social and political concern, leading to their control by means of several regulations, such as the European Directive 98/83/EC. In this regard, the three neonicotinoid pesticides analyzed in this work (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) have been included in the surface water European Watch Lists under the Water Framework Directive. This research proposes the use of terpenoid-based solvents for the extraction of the three emerging contaminants previously mentioned. An initial screening of the extraction solvents was carried out through the COSMO-RS methodol., selecting the most favorable pure terpenes, eutectic terpenoid-based and conventional solvents. Furthermore, relevant issues were exptl. analyzed, such as extraction in more realistic multicomponent mixtures together with key parametric studies covering operating temperature and matrix influence. Carvacrol, a pure terpenoid not applied before as an extraction solvent of pesticides, has been revealed as an effective and sustainable substitute for conventional solvents for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Specifically, carvacrol exhibited overall extraction yields of around 97.5% from a river water matrix at a volumetric S/F ratio of 0.1 and 303.2 K. High extraction yields from river water matrixes regardless of temperature pointed to the potential of this solvent for a wide range of industrial application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Computed Properties of C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts