Tag: 100-200

Removal of hard COD from acidic eucalyptus kraft pulp bleach plant effluent streams using oxidoreductases was written by Herold-Majumdar, Owik Matthias;Lopez Pita, Sabela;Dominguez Estevez, Fernando;Wawrzynczyk, Joanna;Loureiro, Pedro E. G.;Felby, Claus. And the article was included in Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

The bleach plant of a pulp and paper (P&P) mill presents a major source of wastewater containing toxic organic matter characterized as COD (COD). Due to their high oxidizing power, oxidoreductases hold promise to be a key solution for the removal of dissolved organic material. Here, four oxidoreductases from different enzyme families were selected to treat bleach plant effluents. Haloperoxidase treatment of the final effluent resulted in the highest levels of decolorization (71%) and reduction of aromatic compounds (36%). Using single compound anal., 27 low mol. weight compounds were found to be persistent throughout the wastewater treatment process and, therefore, classified as hard COD. The tested enzymes efficiently removed several of the identified COD compounds Hence, this study suggests that the application of oxidoreductases will serve as an environmental-friendly solution for reducing waste from P&P production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photo- and pH-Responsive Polycarbonate Block Copolymer Prodrug Nanomicelles for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin was written by Kalva, Nagendra;Uthaman, Saji;Augustine, Rimesh;Jeon, Su Hyeon;Huh, Kang Moo;Park, In-Kyu;Kim, Il. And the article was included in Macromolecular Bioscience in 2020.Synthetic Route of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

Photo/pH dual-responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymers with alkyne functionalized pendant o-nitrobenzyl ester group are synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) as a macroinitiator. The pendant alkynes are functionalized as aldehyde groups by the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) mols. are then covalently conjugated through acid-sensitive Schiff-base linkage. The resultant prodrug copolymers self-assemble into nanomicelles in aqueous solution The prodrug nanomicelles have a well-defined morphol. with an average size of 20-40 nm. The dual-stimuli are applied individually or simultaneously to study the release behavior of DOX. Under UV light irradiation, nanomicelles are disassembled due to the ONB ester photocleavage. The light-controlled DOX release behavior is demonstrated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Due to the pH-sensitive imine linkage the DOX mols. are released rapidly from the nanomicelles at the acidic pH of 5.0, whereas only minimal amount of DOX mols. is released at the pH of 7.4. The DOX release rate is tunable by applying the dual-stimuli simultaneously. In vitro studies against colon cancer cells demonstrate that the nanomicelles show the efficient cellular uptake and the intracellular DOX release, indicating that the newly designed copolymers with dual-stimuli-response have significant potential applications as a smart nanomedicine against cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Synthetic Route of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Exopolysaccharide Carbohydrate Structure and Biofilm Formation by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains inhabiting nodules of Trifolium repens growing on an old Zn-Pb-Cd-polluted waste heap area was written by Olenska, Ewa;Malek, Wanda;Kotowska, Urszula;Wydrych, Jerzy;Polinska, Weronika;Swiecicka, Izabela;Thijs, Sofie;Vangronsveld, Jaco. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 10030-85-0 This article mentions the following:

Heavy metals polluting the 100-yr-old waste heap in Boleslaw (Poland) are acting as a natural selection factor and may contribute to adaptations of organisms living in this area, including Trifolium repens and its root nodule microsymbionts-rhizobia. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), exuded extracellularly and associated with bacterial cell walls, possess variable structures depending on environmental conditions; they can bind metals and are involved in biofilm formation. In order to examine the effects of long-term exposure to metal pollution on EPS structure and biofilm formation of rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains originating from the waste heap area and a non-polluted reference site were investigated for the characteristics of the sugar fraction of their EPS using gas chromatog. mass-spectrometry and also for biofilm formation and structural characteristics using confocal laser scanning microscopy under control conditions as well as when exposed to toxic concentrations of zinc, lead, and cadmium. Significant differences in EPS structure, biofilm thickness, and ratio of living/dead bacteria in the biofilm were found between strains originating from the waste heap and from the reference site, both without exposure to metals and under metal exposure. Received results indicate that studied rhizobia can be assumed as potentially useful in remediation processes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0HPLC of Formula: 10030-85-0).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 10030-85-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Changes in LD50 of parathion and heptachlor following turpentine pretreatment was written by Sperling, Frederick;Ewenike, Helenah K. U.;Farber, Theodore. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 1972.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

Stimulation of male rat microsomal enzymes by pretreatment with oral turpentine (1.8 mg/kg/day for 3 days) resulted in reduced hexobarbital sleeping time, reduced parathion (I) [56-38-2] toxicity, and increased heptachlor (II) [76-44-8] toxicity. Hexobarbital hydroxylase [9078-77-7], p-aminophenol aniline hydroxylase [9012-80-0], aminopyrine demethylase [9037-69-8], and benzpyrene hydroxylase [9037-52-9] were stimulated. α-Pinene [80-56-8] and β-pinene [127-91-3] vaporized from turpentine had no effect on hexobarbital sleeping or I mortality but increased II mortality and benzpyrene hydroxylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Changes of bacterial communities and volatile compounds developed from the spoilage of white Hypsizygus marmoreus under different storage conditions was written by Yuan, Yu-Han;Liu, Ling-Xiao;Guo, Li;Wang, Liang;Hao, Ji-Wei;Liu, Yun-Guo. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Related Products of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

The succession of bacterial communities and changes of volatile components throughout the storage of white Hypsizygus marmoreus (white H.marmoreus) were investigated. The results showed that the microbial communities were mainly composed of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at 4°C and 25°C, with Serratia, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas as the dominant genera. Serratia could be detected during the whole period of storage, and the relative abundance increased with increasing time. It indicated that Serratia might be one of the main spoilage bacteria for white H.marmoreus spoilage. Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas had a sharp increasing trend during the late storage period, indicating they might be a potential factor for spoilage. The volatile components of white H.marmoreus were mainly composed of ketones, aldehydes, alcs. and esters, among which 3-octanone was the main component. Correlation anal. showed that Serratia was neg. correlated with 16 volatile compounds, and also suggested that Serratia might play an important role in inhibiting the production of 16 volatile compounds The results would provide a theor. basis for studying the microbial dynamics and the changes of volatile compounds of white H.marmoreus during storage to control the spoilage of edible fungi. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Related Products of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of the key aroma compounds in three world-famous black teas was written by Xiao, Zuobing;Cao, Xueying;Zhu, Jiancai;Chen, Feng;Niu, Yunwei. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H16O This article mentions the following:

The volatile compounds of three world-famous black teas (Darjeeling, DJL, Keemun, KM, and Ceylon, CL) were extracted by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and analyzed by gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that 78, 76, and 69 volatile compounds were detected in the three tea infusions. And 9 sulfur compounds in black teas were identified by gas chromatog.-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). In addition, a total of 42 aroma compounds were perceived and 38 compounds were identified as important aroma compounds due to their high odor activity values (OAVs), such as 3-methylbutanal (OAV: 24-82), linalool (OAV: 24-64), geraniol (OAV: 2-97), β-ionone (OAV: 54-122), and cis-jasmone (OAV: 2-119). According to the results of aroma recombination and omission experiments, 2-methylbutanal, linalool, Me salicylate and β-cyclocitral were confirmed to be the key aroma compounds in Darjeeling black tea, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, β-myrcene, and Me salicylate were the key aroma compounds in Keemun, while β-ionone, linalool, 2-methylbutanal, and salicylaldehyde were the key aroma compounds in Ceylon black tea. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Synthetic Route of C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidant activities of wild and cultivated Origanum compactum essential oils from the municipality of Chaoun, Morocco was written by Jeldi, Lamya;Taarabt, Kamal Ouled;Mazri, Mouaad Amine;Ouahmane, Lahcen;Alfeddy, Mohamed Najib. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Origanum compactum is a medicinal species endemic to Morocco and highly exploited for its therapeutic properties. In the present study, we examined the chem. composition and biol. activities of the essential oils from wild and cultivated O. compactum. The chem. composition was analyzed by gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oils was 3.5% for the wild plants and 3.4% for the cultivated plants. Twelve compounds have been identified in the essential oils of wild plants. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (59.0%), followed by p-cymene (18.4%) and then by γ-terpinene (8.4%). For the cultivated plants, 27 compounds were identified. Here again, carvacrol was the predominant compound (45.3%), followed by p-cymene (22.2%) and by γ-terpinene (10.1%). The antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated against four Candida strains using the aromatogram method, the min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the min. fungicidal concentration (MFC). In semi-solid medium, essential oils were active against all the strains tested. In liquid medium, MIC values ranged from 216 to 234μg/mL, while the MFC was 288μg/mL. Antioxidant activity was investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1,1,picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH) and the findings showed that the essential oils of both plants have a good antioxidant effect. In conclusion, domestication is a practical approach to preserve O. compactum from extinction without compromising its biol. activities. Besides, the essential oils of O. compactum could be a promising and sustainable alternative to replace the synthetic compounds used currently in pharmaceutical and food industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Studies on the biological activity of some nitrothiophenes was written by Morley, John O.;Matthews, Thomas P.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2006.Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

The biol. activity of nineteen substituted thiophenes (3) have been assessed by evaluating the min. inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of E. coli, M. luteus and A. niger. The series displays a wide range of activities with 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrothiophene (3a) or 2-bromo-3,5-dinitrothiophene (3c) showing the highest activity against all three organisms, while the simplest compound of the series, 2-nitrothiophene (3s) shows the smallest activity in each case. The mode of action of 3a and 3c is thought to involve nucleophilic attack by intracellular thiols at the 2-position of the heterocyclic ring leading to displacement of halogen, but other active derivatives, such as 2,4-dinitrothiophene (3h) and 5-nitrothiophene-2-carbaldehyde (3d) which have no displaceable halogen or leaving group are thought to act by forming Meisenheimer complexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Plant gums of the genus Khaya. Structure of Khaya grandifolia gum was written by Aspinall, G. O.;Hirst, E. L.;Matheson, N. K.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1956.Electric Literature of C6H14O6 This article mentions the following:

The gum was dissolved in 4% aqueous NaOH, precipitated several times with EtOH, dissolved in dilute HCl, precipitated with EtOH, and reprecipitated from H₂O with (Me)₂CO, yielding a white amorphous powder (I), [α]_D¹⁸ 122° (c 1.88, H₂O); found: equivalent 344 (titration), uronic anhydride 47.2% (decarboxylation), and OMe 1.0%. Hydrolysis of I with N H₂SO₄ at 100° for 6 hrs. showed galactose 16.1, rhamnose 8.2, and arabinose <1%. Oxidation of I with HNO₃ showed 58% of galactose and (or) galactouronic acid residues. Partial hydrolysis of 10 g. of I and fractionation on cellulose gave 0.37 g. L-rhamnose hydrate (II), m. 95°, [α]_D¹⁷ 9.8° (c 4.44, H₂O), 0.023 g. L-arabinose (III), m. 155°, [α]_D¹⁷ 104°, 1.80 g. D-galactose (IV), m. 164°, [α]_D¹⁸ 81°, and Ba salts (V) of acid material. V was left in 4% methanolic HCl overnight, refluxed 7 hrs., neutralized with Ag₂CO₃, reduced with KBH₄, deionized, hydrolyzed with N H₂SO₄ at 100° for 18 hrs., and chromatographed, giving II, 4-O-methylglucose, glucose (trace), and IV. V, 4.0 g., was absorbed on Amberlite IRA-400 (OAc form) and eluded with increasing concentrations of HOAc to give 6 fractions: Fraction 1, 0.172 g. sirup, was acid hydrolyzed and showed II and IV, and IV only after oxidation with Br-H₂O. Fraction 2, 0.731 g. sirup, was acid hydrolyzed, showing II, III, IV, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid; methylation, reduction with LiAlH₄, methylation, hydrolysis, and separation of the sirup on cellulose gave 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose, m. 84°, [α]_D¹⁷ 82° (c 1.12, H₂O), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (VI), [α]_D¹⁸ 97° (c 1.32, H₂O), aniline derivative m. 194°, 3,4-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnose (VII), [α]_D¹⁷ 20° (c 1.42, H₂O), 1,5-lactone derivative m. 80°, 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (VIII), [α]_D¹⁸ 88° (c 0.5, H₂O), 1,4-lactone derivative m. 96°. Fraction 3, 61 mg. sirup, was hydrolyzed, giving II and IV. Fraction 4, 0.102 g. sirup, contained D-galacturonic acid, converted into mucic acid, m. 220° (decomposition). Fraction 5, 0.528 g. sirup, was hydrolyzed, giving II and IV; a portion treated as in fraction 2 gave VI, VII, and VIII. Fraction 6, 0.65 g., contained II and IV. Methylation of I 6 times with (Me)₂-SO₄-NaOH, 5 times with MeI-Ag₂O, hydrolysis with 2N H₂SO₁ at room temperature for 10 days and at 100° for 20 hrs., and separation on cellulose gave VI, VIII, 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnose (IX), m. 115°, a trace fraction, and a mixture of Ba salts which were treated as above and chromatographed, giving 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose, VIII, IX, and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-galactose, aniline derivative m. 154°. K. senegalensis gum showed [α]_D¹⁶ 124° (c 0.9, H₂O); found: equivalent 412 (titration), sulfated ash 2.2, OMe 1.2%, and containing the same sugar residues as the above gum but the proportions of uronic and III are different. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Electric Literature of C6H14O6).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C6H14O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, in vivo occupancy, and radiolabeling of potent phosphodiesterase subtype-10 inhibitors as candidates for positron emission tomography imaging was written by Andres, Jose-Ignacio;De Angelis, Meri;Alcazar, Jesus;Iturrino, Laura;Langlois, Xavier;Dedeurwaerdere, Stefanie;Lenaerts, Ilse;Vanhoof, Greet;Celen, Sofie;Bormans, Guy. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2011.Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

We have recently reported the phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor 2-[4-[1-(2-[¹⁸F]fluoroethyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenoxymethyl]-quinoline (I) as a promising candidate for in vivo imaging using positron emission tomog. (PET). We now describe the synthesis and biol. evaluation of a series of related pyridinyl analogs II (R¹ = FCH₂CH₂, FCH₂CH₂CH₂, F₃CCH₂; R² = 3,5-di-Me, 5-methoxy, 6-bromo, etc.) that exhibit high potency and selectivity as PDE10A inhibitors. The most interesting compounds were injected in rats to measure their levels of PDE10A occupancy through an in vivo occupancy assay. The 3,5-dimethylpyridine derivative II (R¹ = FCH₂CH₂, R² = 3,5-di-Me) and the 5-methoxypyridine derivative II (R¹ = FCH₂CH₂, R² = 5-methoxy) showed a comparable level of occupancy to that of I. Because these derivatives showed lower in vitro activity and are slightly less lipophilic than I, we hypothesized that they could behave as better PET imaging ligands. Compounds II (R¹ = ¹⁸FCH₂CH₂, R² = 3,5-dimethyl; R¹ = ¹⁸FCH₂CH₂, R² = 5-methoxy; R¹ = FCH₂CH₂, R² = 5-¹¹CH₃O) were radio synthesized and subjected to biodistribution studies in rats for a preliminary evaluation as candidate PET radioligands for in vivo imaging of PDE10A in the brain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts