Tag: 100-200

Enhanced stability and controlled release of menthol using a β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework was written by Hu, Ziman;Shao, Miao;Zhang, Bin;Fu, Xiong;Huang, Qiang. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Menthol inclusion complexes (ICs) have addressed a range of opportunities in food applications due to their volatile resistance. However, previous protocols used for their synthesis give low yields and high industrial application costs. In the present investigation, metal-organic frameworks based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-MOF) have been prepared for the mol. encapsulation of menthol. Menthol/β-CD-MOF-IC was synthesized under the optimized parameters, after which release behavior was studied. In this optimized manner, a higher menthol capacity was obtained in which the menthol content and encapsulation efficiency were 27.1 and 30.6%, resp. Compared with menthol/β-CD-IC, menthol/β-CD-MOF-IC is resistant to high temperature, but sensitive to moisture. In a simulated oral release experiment, the rate of menthol release from different samples followed the order of: pure menthol > β-CD > β-CD-MOF, which can be attributed to two mechanisms: non-specific binding and site preference. We propose that β-CD-MOF can be used as a promising delivery system for aroma compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Reference of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Core-Shell Nanospheres for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones was written by Wei, Juan;Zhang, Xiaomin;Zhang, Xiaoming;Zhao, Yaopeng;Li, Ruixiang;Yang, Qihua. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2014.Formula: C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

The polymer-inorganic hybrid core-shell nanospheres with N-(para-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine in the core and the poly(Me acrylate) (PMA) polymer in the shell were prepared by using a sol-gel process. The surface properties of solid catalysts were modified by controlling PMA and the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant in the shell. The water contact angle results suggest that the presence of PMA and cn the shell increases the surface hydrophobicity. In the Rh-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in aqueous HCOONa, the solid catalyst with higher surface hydrophobicity demonstrates higher activity, which suggests that suitable surface properties increase the reaction rate by increasing the diffusion rates of hydrophobic substrates. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalyst can be reused conveniently without loss of ee values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Formula: C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cooperativity between the Substrate and Ligand in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Using 1-Aryl-1-propynes was written by Gupta, Aniket;Saha, Anusuya;Rahaman, Ajijur;Kumar, Jogendra;Suresh, Eringathodi;Ganguly, Bishwajit;Bhadra, Sukalyan. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A monoprotected amino acid Bz-Gly-OH assists in the allylic alkylation of a variety of ketones, β-keto esters, aldehydes, etc., during enamine-palladium catalysis to gave alkylated products such as R¹C(O)CHR²CH₂CH=CHAr [R¹ = Me, Et, n-Pr; R² = Et, C(O)OMe, C(O)OEt, C(O)OBn, etc.; R¹R² = (CH₂)₃, (CH₂)₄, (CH₂)₅, etc.]. D. functional theory calculations revealed that Bz-Gly-OH assisted in the formation of an enamine that attacks the π-allylpalladium complex via an outer sphere mechanism. The preliminary result pointed to an asym. allylic alkylation under a new mode of bifunctional catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of carotenoids using cottonseed oil: Optimization, physicochemical properties, and flavor studies was written by Han, Jiajia;Jia, Wenting;Wan, Yilai;Sun, Xuelian;Liang, Muhan;Wei, Changqing;Liu, Wenyu. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Product Details of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

Vegetable oils are ideal alternative solvents for extracting fat-soluble substances. Here, response surface methodol., conventional anal., and headspace-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry were used to evaluate the effect of an extraction process on the carotenoid yield, changes in physicochem. parameters, and flavor quality of cottonseed oil (CSO). An optimal carotenoid recovery rate of 80.3% was obtained when the ultrasonic power was 213 W, the extraction time was 36.0 min, and the temperature was 44.6°C. Although acid (0.25 mg KOH/g), peroxide (9.90 meq/kg), and p-anisidine (0.11) values of carotenoid-enriched cottonseed oil (CECSO) increased relative to the corresponding values for CSO, its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, carotenoid and total phenolic content also increased, reaching 64.2%, 49.1μg/mL, and 320 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g oil, resp. Addnl., 14 compounds, including nine aldehydes (84.7-103μg/g), three alcs. (9.41-10.8μg/g),one acid (0.37-1.24μg/g), and one heterocycle (4.19-5.32μg/g), were identified as characteristic compounds in CSO and CECSO. Further, significant differences between the two types of oils were observed in aroma-related substances . This study provides a reference for the application of carotenoid-enriched cottonseed oil in food, health products and cosmetics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Product Details of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

One-Pot O₂-Oxidation and the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction of Primary Alcohols for the Synthesis of (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters was written by Ando, Kaori;Takaba, Chika;Kodama, Masahiro. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Authors developed one-pot oxidation/olefination procedures of primary alcs. giving Z-α,β-unsaturated esters. TEMPO-(CuCl or CuBr₂)-(2,2′-bipyridine) (1:1:1) catalyzed O₂ oxidation of primary alcs. in the presence of Z-selective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent and K₃PO₄ or NaH gave Z-α,β-unsaturated esters with Z/E = 84:16 to 96:4 in high yields. A stepwise reaction was also developed. After TEMPO-CuBr₂-(2,2′-bipyridine)-K₃PO₄ (1:1:1:1) catalyzed O₂ oxidation of alcs. in MeCN, the resulting mixture was treated with a THF solution of Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent and t-BuOK at -78°C to 0°C, giving Z-α,β-unsaturated esters with higher selectivity (Z/E = 91:9 to 99:1). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ternary-like Aqueous Biphasic Systems Composed of Betaine-Polyol Deep Eutectic Solvents and n-Propanol was written by Li, Huijuan;Qiu, Shunguo;Chen, Li;Fan, Taotao;Peng, Xiong;Yan, Zongcheng. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2022.Product Details of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

A deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based aqueous biphasic system (ABS) denotes a clean and highly biocompatible separation and purification technol., but the explanations of the phase formation mechanism and phase behavior of a DES-based ABS are incomplete. To improve the study of the formation mechanism of a DES-based ABS, a new ABS composed of n-propanol (NPA) and DES with betaine as the hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA) and polyol as the hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) was formed. The phase formation mechanism of this new ABS and the stability of the DES in the ABS were studied. Betaine and three polyols are hydrophilic (log K_OW < 0), whereas NPA is relatively hydrophobic (log K_OW > 0). Two phases were formed, because the two components of DES were incompatible with the NPA. The molar ratio of the HBA and HBD in the two phases differed, but in the bottom phase of this ABS, the stoichiometric ratio of HBA and HBD was the same as their initial ratio. Under certain conditions, this novel ABS was considered a ternary-like system. The combination of a series of factors, such as HBD hydrophilicity, molar volume, mol. weight, and initial molar ratio of HBA and HBD, affected the final stoichiometric ratio of HBA and HBD in the top phase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Product Details of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical composition, pharmaceutical potential and toxicity of the essential oils extracted from the leaves, fruits and barks of Pistaciaatlantica was written by Zerkani, Hannou;Amalich, Smail;Tagnaout, Imane;Bouharroud, Rachid;Zair, Touriya. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology in 2022.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

In the framework of the contribution to the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants, we have performed a chem. and pharmacol. study of the EO of different organs of P. atlantica. Then, we have studied their toxicity towards crop pests. The extraction of the EO performed by the hydrodistillation gives EO yields of the order of 0.52 ± 0.36%, 0.46 ± 0.24% and 0.31 ± 0.15% for the leaves, fruits and barks, resp. The chem. composition of the EO of this plant is diverse. The EO of the leaves and fruits of P. atlantica are dominated by terpinen-4-ol with percentages of 24.88% and 29.07%, resp. While, the EO of bark is dominated by α-pinene 14.61%. The evaluation in vitro of the antioxidant activity performed by DPPH and FRAP methods show that the EO of the leaves has a significant antioxidant power than those of the fruits and barks. The antimicrobial activity of the EO shows that all the tested microbial strains are sensitive to the EO of the leaves. While, the EO of the fruit exhibits an activity against the fungal strains. For the study of the toxicity of the EO of the organs of P. atlantica towards the C. capitata and the T. absoluta, we have noticed that the tested EO proved a clear insecticidal action on the larvae of T. absoluta and on adults of C. capitata. It is worth wile to mention that the studied plant can be considered as a promising source of antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and biopesticides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrogen-bond-assisted transition-metal-free catalytic transformation of amides to esters was written by Huang, Changyu;Li, Jinpeng;Wang, Jiaquan;Zheng, Qingshu;Li, Zhenhua;Tu, Tao. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A transition-metal-free hydrogen-bond-assisted esterification of amides RC(O)R¹ (R = Ph, pyridin-4-yl, furan-2-yl, etc.; R¹ = N-benzyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino, amino, piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydro-indol-1-yl, etc.), (4-benzoyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl-methanone with only catalytic amount of base was developed. The proposed crucial role of hydrogen bonding for assisting esterification was supported by control experiments, d. functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic studies. Besides, broad substrate scopes and excellent functional groups tolerance, this base-catalyzed protocol complements the conventional transition-metal-catalyzed esterification of amides and provides a new pathway to catalytic cleavage of amide C-N bonds for organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The essential oil of Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. I. Acidic components was written by Lin, Yau-Tang;Wang, Kung-Tsug;Chen, Chen-Loung. And the article was included in Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Peking) in 1955.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

The essential oil (590 g.) from the root was extracted with 3 l. of 2N NaOH, saturated with CO₂, and extracted with ether to sep. phenolic compounds The ether extract was shaken with 2N CuSO₄ solution, freed from ether by evaporation, and fractionally distilled in vacuo to give a residue (I), 0.5 g. p-cresol, a fraction (II) (b₈ 90-103, 75 g.), and other fractions. II (65 g.) was shaken with saturated Cu(OAc)₂ solution and distilled to give a residue (III), 54 g. Cu complex of a new tropoloid, b₅ 88-92°, n³⁰_D 1.5126, FeCl₃ test violet, phenylurethan, m. 109-110° (from C₆H₆-petroleum ether). III gave 0.7 g. bright-green crystals, decolorized at 245-8° without melting. I was treated with EtOH and Cu complexes of α- (IV) and β-thujaplicin were obtained from sparingly and easily soluble portions, resp. IV (0.4 g.), m. 233-5° (from CHCl₃-EtOH (1:1)), green needles, was treated with dilute H₂SO₄ to give α-thujaplicin, m. 33-4°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Synthetic Route of C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pyrrolidine-constrained phenethylamines: The design of potent, selective, and pharmacologically efficacious dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors from a lead-like screening hit was written by Backes, Bradley J.;Longenecker, Kenton;Hamilton, Gregory L.;Stewart, Kent;Lai, Chunqiu;Kopecka, Hana;von Geldern, Thomas W.;Madar, David J.;Pei, Zhonghua;Lubben, Thomas H.;Zinker, Bradley A.;Tian, Zhenping;Ballaron, Stephen J.;Stashko, Michael A.;Mika, Amanda K.;Beno, David W. A.;Kempf-Grote, Anita J.;Black-Schaefer, Candace;Sham, Hing L.;Trevillyan, James M.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2007.COA of Formula: C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

A series of pyrrolidine-constrained phenethylamines were developed as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The cyclohexene ring of lead-like screening hit was replaced with a pyrrolidine to enable parallel chem., and protein co-crystal structural data guided the optimization of N-substituents. Employing this strategy, a >400× improvement in potency over the initial hit was realized in rapid fashion. Optimized compounds are potent and selective inhibitors with excellent pharmacokinetic profiles. Compound I was efficacious in vivo, lowering blood glucose in ZDF rats that were allowed to feed freely on a mixed meal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0COA of Formula: C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts