Tag: 100-200

Solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides: construction of a dodecasaccharide was written by Nicolaou, K. C.;Watanabe, Nobuhide;Li, Jim;Pastor, Joaquin;Winssinger, Nicolas. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 1998.Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

The authors wish to report new solid-phase synthetic technol. which provides solutions to previously encountered problems, i.e. the presence of both α- and β-anomers at every cleavage stage and the need to reactivate the cleavage product prior to its possible reincorporation into the growing oligosaccharide chain on the solid phase, by incorporating an appropriate spacer (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) between the photolabile linker (4-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzyl alc.) and the anomeric position of the first glycoside, and which appears ideal for block-type oligosaccharide synthesis. The new technol. has advantages such as convergence for block-type construction, high yielding glycosidation steps, maintenance of stereochem. integrity during loading and unloading, and flexibility and allowed the construction of the stereochem. homogeneous dodecasaccharide (I; TBDPS = tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, Bz = benzoyl, Bn = benzyl) related to the phytoalexin elicitor family, which represents the largest oligosaccharide to be constructed on solid phase thus far. By virtue of its generality, this method could prove highly enabling for the construction of large and diverse combinatorial libraries of oligosaccharides. Thus, 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde was loaded onto Merrifield resin in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ and Bu₄NI followed by NaBH₄ reduction to afford resin (II; R = H) which was condensed with 2,3,4-tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-1-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranose by a Mitsunobu reaction to furnish conjugate II (R = Q) with exclusive β-stereochem. Desilylation of II (R = Q) with HF.pyridine and subsequent glycosylation with the Me thioglucoside (III; Fmoc = 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) in the presence of (dimethylthio)methylsulfonuim triflate (DMTST) and removal of Fmoc group by treatment with Et₃N followed by coupling with Ph thioglucoside (IV) gave the trisaccharide II (R = Q¹). Repeated desilylation and block glycosylation using the trisaccharide Ph thioglycoside Q¹-SPh followed by photocleavage gave I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fe₃O₄@PEG core/shell nanoparticles as magnetic nanocatalyst for acetylation of amines and alcohols using ultrasound irradiations under solvent-free conditions was written by Veisi, Hojat;Nikseresht, Ahmad;Rostami, Afsaneh;Hemmati, Saba. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2019.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Ultrasound irradiation was used to prepare one-pot Fe₃O₄@PEG core/shell nanostructure for the first time. The morphol., structure, and physicochem. properties were specified by different anal. techniques including field emission SEM, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. For acetylation of phenols, alcs., and amines, the synthesized Fe₃O₄@PEG core/shell nanoparticles were used as an efficient heterogeneous and green catalyst with acetic anhydride under sonication applying mild reaction conditions. Different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substrates indicate a prominent yield of desired products with the merit of reusability of Fe₃O₄@PEG nanocatalyst and magnetic separation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Monomers Based on the Quinone Methide Elimination Cascade Reaction was written by He, Yuxiang;Wu, Ying;Zhang, Minghui;Zhang, Yuanxing;Ding, Hao;Zhang, Ke. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

A controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrocyclic monomers was developed based on the nucleophilic ring-opening mechanism for the first time. This novel ROP was designed to prepare backbone functional and sequence-defined polymers with controlled mol. weights and narrow dispersities (D < 1.1) by polymerizing the macrocycles with a quinone methide elimination-based self-immolative spacer as the “ring-opening trigger”. This ROP was initiated by an efficient nucleophilic substitution of activated carbonate with a primary amine to ring open the macrocyclic monomers. The following spontaneous 1,6-elimination-decarboxylation cascade reaction disassembled the self-immolative spacer to regenerate the primary amine end group for subsequent polymer chain propagation. The versatility of this novel ROP was demonstrated by the formation of well-defined water-soluble, backbone-degradable, and sequence-defined polyurethanes and their block copolymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9SDS of cas: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Green synthesis of chiral aromatic alcohols with Lactobacillus kefiri P2 as a novel biocatalyst was written by Baydas, Yasemin;Dertli, Enes;Sahin, Engin. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2020.Application of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

Biocatalytic reduction is a very important field of research in synthetic organic chem. Herein, three different Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains were evaluated for their bioreduction potential using acetophenone as a model substrate. Among these strains, Lactobacillus kefiri P2 strain was determined as the best asym. reduction biocatalyst. Reaction optimization parameters such as reaction time, temperature, agitation speed and pH were systematically optimized using Lactobacillus kefiri P2 strain and model substrate acetophenone. Under these optimized reaction conditions, secondary chiral alcs. were obtained by bioreduction of various prochiral ketones with results up to 99% enantiomeric excess. In addition, the steric and electronic effects of substituents on enantioselectivity and conversion were evaluated. It has been shown that Lactobacillus kefiri P2 biocatalyst was an effective catalyst for asym. reduction This method provides an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of optically pure alcs. and an alternative approach to chem. catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Application of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetic hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives catalyzed by L-proline modified Ir/γ-Al₂O₃ was written by Yang, Chao-fen;Yang, Jun;Zhu, Yan-qin;Sun, Xiao-dong;Chen, Hua. And the article was included in Fenzi Cuihua in 2013.COA of Formula: C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

Under the mild conditions, supported iridium catalyst stabilized and modified by L-proline was prepared The asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives catalyzed by the catalyst was studied. The effects of the concentration of L-proline, different solvents, different base additives and concentration of base, and hydrogen pressure were evaluated in detail. The results show that this catalytic system had higher activity and enantioselectivity than the supported metal catalysts which were modified by the nature chiral modifier in the reaction of asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives The conversion and the enantioselectivity for the asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone were 92.1% and 32.9%, resp. Especially, the enantioselectivity for asym. hydrogenation of 2′-fluoroacetophenone was 39.3%. The catalyst can be reused five times with a little loss of the enantioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4COA of Formula: C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biomass-derived polyols valorization towards glycolic acid production with high atom-economy was written by Li, Jianmei;Yang, Ruofeng;Xu, Shuguang;Zhou, Cuiqing;Xiao, Yuan;Hu, Changwei;Tsang, Daniel C. W.. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental in 2022.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Taking advantage of the inherent structure in biomass for attractive chem. synthesis with high atom economy is vital for a sustainable future but remains a great challenge. Herein, we discovered a new route for glycolic acid (GcA) synthesis using various biomass-derived polyols as feedstock with an exceptionally high atom utilization (~93%). Up to ~90 C-mol% yield of GcA could be achieved, representing the highest value among the state-of-the-art biomass valorization strategies. Strongly certified by in situ exptl. tests and multi-scale theor. calculations, it was identified that dynamical accommodation of the flexible unsaturated dangling-like Cu_cus-O bond in Cu₂O(111) to polyols drove electron transfer from polyols to Cucus, enabling the precise activation of C1-H and C2-C3 bonds. These contributions accomplished the complex cascade reactions in polyol transformation throughout chain-sugar as intermediate with notable conformation superiority, thus generating GcA selectively. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Further ‘tethered’ Ru(II) catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones; the use of a benzylic linker and a cyclohexyldiamine ligand was written by Martins, Jose E. D.;Morris, David J.;Tripathi, Bhavana;Wills, Martin. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 2008.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and characterization of two new Ru(II) catalysts for the asym. transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones is described. In the case of I, the novelty lies in the use of a benzyl tethering group between the asym. ligand part (TsDPEN) and the η⁶-arene ring, which increases the complex rigidity. For II, the use of a cyclohexyldiamine as a chiral ligand is described for the first time. In the ATH of ketones in formic acid/triethylamine, alcs. with ees of up to 97% were formed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Computed Properties of C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetic characterization of novel HIV-1 entry inhibitors: discovery of a relationship between off-rate and potency was written by Meuser, Megan E.;Murphy, Michael B.;Rashad, Adel A.;Cocklin, Simon. And the article was included in Molecules in 2018.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol This article mentions the following:

The entry of HIV-1 into permissible cells remains an extremely attractive and underexploited therapeutic intervention point. We have previously demonstrated the ability to extend the chemotypes available for optimization in the entry inhibitor class using computational means. Here, we continue this effort, designing and testing three novel compounds with the ability to inhibit HIV-1 entry. We demonstrate that alteration of the core moiety of these entry inhibitors directly influences the potency of the compounds, despite common proximal and distal groups. Moreover, by establishing for the first time a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based interaction assay with soluble recombinant SOSIP Env trimers, we demonstrate that the off-rate (kd) parameter shows the strongest correlation with potency in an antiviral assay. Finally, we establish an underappreciated relationship between the potency of a ligand and its degree of electrostatic complementarity (EC) with its target, the Env complex. These findings not only broaden the chem. space in this inhibitor class, but also establish a rapid and simple assay to evaluate future HIV-1 entry inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Environmental risk assessment of inter-well partitioning tracer compounds shortlisted for the offshore oil and gas industry was written by Vora, Mehul;Gamlem Njau, John-Sigvard;Sanni, Steinar;Flage, Roger. And the article was included in Energy Exploration & Exploitation in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Quantifying residual oil saturation (SOR) in the inter-well region of oil and gas reservoirs is key for successfully implementing EOR solutions Partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs) has become a common method for quantifying SOR. A new group of seven chems. – pyridine, 2,3-di-Me pyrazine, 2,6-di-Me pyrazine, 4-methoxybenzyl alc., 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-chlorobenzyl alc., and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl alc. – have been proposed as potential partitioning tracers for quantifying SOR. Using these tracers can lead to their environmental release in the marine environment through produced water discharges, with currently limited knowledge on impacts in the marine ecosystem. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the environmental risk of discharging the tracer compounds in the marine environment. We investigated the fate and effect of these tracers in the marine environment. Biodegradability in seawater was measured to understand the fate of tracers in the marine environment. The acute toxicity of tracers was measured in terms of the percent cell viability of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) and growth inhibition of the algae Skeletonema costatum. The ecotoxicol. information obtained from these experiments was used in the dynamic risk and effects assessment model (DREAM) to calculate the tracers contribution to the environmental impact factor (EIF). The results from the DREAM simulations suggest no contribution towards EIF values from any of the tracers at the expected back-produced concentrations Results from simulations at higher concentrations suggest that both pyrazines have the lowest environmental risk, followed by 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-methoxybenzyl alc., and pyridine; while both chlorobenzyl alcs. show the highest environmental risk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparison of polyamide, polyesteramide and polyester nanofiltration membranes: properties and separation performance was written by Fan, Kaiming;Liu, Yanling;Wang, Xiaoping;Cheng, Peng;Xia, Shengji. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, three different kinds of nanofiltration membranes with polyamide (PA), polyesteramide (PEA), and polyester (PE) active layers were resp. synthesized by using piperazine, serinol and meso-erythritol as the aqueous monomers for interfacial polymerization The three types of membranes achieved comparable rejections for the reference organic solute (i.e., xylose) via optimization of preparation conditions, based on which the characteristics of different active layers were comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the PA, PEA and PE membranes exhibited distinct surface morphologies. The special surface structures of PEA membranes and the larger active layer thickness of PE membranes resulted in their lower water permeance compared to PA membranes. Different than PA active layers, the absence of pos. charged regions in the PEA and PA active layers was beneficial for the passage of divalent cations and the rejection of NaCl. Moreover, despite the comparable mean pore size, PA membranes exhibited a more uniform membrane pore size resulting in a higher rejection of organic matters in natural water than PEA and PE membranes. This study presented the differences in physicochem. properties and separation performance among the different membrane active layers, which could provide references for the rational selection of nanofiltration membrane types during application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Synthetic Route of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts