Tag: 100-200

Micro- and Nanocarriers for Encapsulation of Biological Plant Protection Agents: A Systematic Literature Review was written by Pinto, Tania V.;Silva, Claudia A.;Siquenique, Sonia;Learmonth, David A.. And the article was included in ACS Agricultural Science & Technology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Biol. plant protection agents (BPPAs) are proposed as sustainable alternatives to chem.-based pesticides to face threats caused by pests and diseases emerging due to climate change. The present Review was conducted to identify the most promising materials to encapsulate and deliver BPPAs for pest and disease control with improved efficacy, increased systemic activity, and lower environmental impact. Searches on Scopus and Web of Science databases from inception up to June 30, 2022, revealed a total of 98 reports that met the eligibility criteria, 45% of which described the use of (1) naturally sourced polymers, such as chitosan (36%), alginate (23%) and plant-based proteins (16%); (2) synthetic polymers (35%); (3) inorganic materials (19%); and (4) microorganisms (1%). The review confirmed that micro- and nanoencapsulation of BPPAs using carrier materials of marine/terrestrial/synthetic sources should provide the agricultural community access to safer and more sustainable plant protection products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient oxygen evolution photocatalyst of BiOBr: In situ light-induced formation of surface oxygen vacancies and application in water splitting was written by Zhang, Mei;Xie, Fangxia;Zhang, Lulu;Jian, Xuan;Liu, Jianxin;Zhang, Xiaochao;Wang, Yawen;Li, Rui;Fan, Caimei. And the article was included in Materials Letters in 2022.SDS of cas: 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

The slow rate of oxygen evolution severely limits the overall water splitting, constructing oxygen vacancies on the surface of photocatalysts is an effective strategy in improving the performance of catalysts. However, the oxygen vacancies can be easily renovated by the adsorbed water and oxygen, then deactivating the catalysts. Herein, we synthesized a nanoflower BiOBr, which could produce continuously sufficient OVs induced by light during the photocatalytic water splitting, and investigated the effect of OVs concentration on the performance of photocatalytic O₂ evolution. The results showed that the sustainable light-induced OVs could improve the transfer efficiency of photoinduced carriers and the light absorption capacity, which then cause a significant increase in reaction rates. The optimal oxygen evolution rate could reach 166μmol·g^-1·h^-1. This work provides a new way of constructing sustainable oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts toward photocatalytic water splitting. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6SDS of cas: 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New heteroleptic magnesium complexes for MgO thin film application was written by Kim, Hyo-Suk;George, Sheby Mary;Park, Bo Keun;Son, Seung Uk;Kim, Chang Gyoun;Chung, Taek-Mo. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2015.Recommanded Product: 14123-48-9 This article mentions the following:

Novel heteroleptic magnesium complexes, [Mg(dmamp)(acac)]₂ (1), [Mg(dmamp)(tmhd)]₂ (2), [Mg(dmamp)(tfac)]₂ (3), and [Mg(dmamp)(hfac)]₂ (4), were successfully synthesized using dimethylhydroxyisobutylamine (dmamp) and β-diketonate as ligands. The thermogravimetric analyses and volatile studies of the complexes showed that the complexes 2 and 4 display high volatility and thermal stability. The single crystal x-ray study of the complexes reveals that both the complexes 1 and 2 were crystallized in the triclinic space group and as dimers, where magnesium atoms are in the pentacoordinate state with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Recommanded Product: 14123-48-9).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 14123-48-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Absorption and Metabolism of the Natural Sweeteners Erythritol and Xylitol in Humans: A Dose-Ranging Study was written by Bordier, Valentine;Teysseire, Fabienne;Senner, Frank;Schlotterbeck, Gotz;Drewe, Jurgen;Beglinger, Christoph;Wolnerhanssen, Bettina K.;Meyer-Gerspach, Anne Christin. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The natural sweeteners erythritol and xylitol might be helpful to reduce sugar consumption and therefore prevent obesity and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the absorption and metabolization into erythronate of different concentrations of erythritol and xylitol. Seventeen healthy lean participants received intragastric solutions of 10, 25, or 50 g erythritol or 7, 17, or 35 g xylitol on three study days in a randomized order. The study was double blinded with respect to the doses administered. We assessed plasma concentrations of erythritol, xylitol, and erythronate at fixed time intervals after administration with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. We found: (i) a dose-dependent and saturable absorption of erythritol, (ii) a very low absorption of xylitol, (iii) a dose-dependent metabolization of erythritol into erythronate, and (iv) no metabolization of xylitol into erythronate. The implications of the metabolization of erythritol into erythronate for human health remain to be determined and more research in this area is needed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Oligomers as Triggers for Responsive Liquid Crystals was written by Kim, Young-Ki;Raghupathi, Krishna R.;Pendery, Joel S.;Khomein, Piyachai;Sridhar, Uma;de Pablo, Juan J.;Thayumanavan, S.;Abbott, Nicholas L.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2018.Recommanded Product: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

We report an investigation of the influence of aqueous solutions of amphiphilic oligomers on the ordering of micrometer-thick films of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs), thus addressing the gap in knowledge arising from previous studies of the interactions of monomeric and polymeric amphiphiles with LCs. Specifically, we synthesized amphiphilic oligomers (with decyl hydrophobic and pentaethylene glycol hydrophilic domains) in monomer, dimer, and trimer forms, and incubated aqueous solutions of the oligomers against nematic films of 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB). All amphiphilic oligomers caused sequential surface-driven orientational (planar to homeotropic) and then bulk phase transitions (nematic to isotropic) with dynamics depending strongly on the degree of oligomerization. The dynamics of the orientational transitions accelerated from monomer to trimer, consistent with the effects of an increase in adsorption free energy. The mechanism underlying the orientational transition, however, involved a decrease in anchoring energy and not change in the easy axis of the LC. In contrast, the rate of the phase transition induced by absorption of oligomers into the LC decreased from monomer to trimer, suggesting that constraints on configurational degrees of freedom influence the absorption free energies of the oligomers. Interestingly, the oligomer-induced transition from the nematic to isotropic phase of 5CB was observed to nucleate at the aqueous-5CB interface, consistent with surface-induced disorder underlying the above-reported decrease in anchoring energy caused by the oligomers. Finally, we provided proof-of-concept experiments of the triggering of LCs using a trimeric amphiphile that is photocleaved by UV illumination into monomeric fragments. Overall, our results provide insight into the rational design of oligomers that can be used as triggers to create responsive LCs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photoreactivity of aqueous oxynitrogen anions (NOx-) with hydrocarbons. Part II. Aromatic and aliphatic compounds in nitrite was written by Petriconi, Gianna L.;Papee, Henry M.. And the article was included in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution in 1977.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

Research on NH4+ formation, by photoreduction under UV radiation of aqueous NO2- with suspended heptane [142-82-5], extended to C6H6 [71-43-2] and terpin hydrate [2451-01-6]. Radiation intensities similar to those found in nature were used this time with the purpose of determining, under laboratory conditions, overall rates of processes. The photolysis was carried out in a versatile apparatus and the results obtained are regarded as introductory towards investigations to be carried out under sunlight. While the formation of NH4+ in the NO2–heptane system follows the pattern previously outlined, thus confirming our earlier work, the reaction with the other compounds which contain either double bonds or OH groups follows a simpler route which involves much larger yields of NH4+ by attack of photoformed transients onto those reactive sites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds suppressing SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance was written by Bayati, Mohamed;Hsieh, Hsin-Yeh;Hsu, Shu-Yu;Li, Chenhui;Rogers, Elizabeth;Belenchia, Anthony;Zemmer, Sally A.;Blanc, Todd;LePage, Cindy;Klutts, Jessica;Reynolds, Melissa;Semkiw, Elizabeth;Johnson, Hwei-Yiing;Foley, Trevor;Wieberg, Chris G.;Wenzel, Jeff;Lyddon, Terri;LePique, Mary;Rushford, Clayton;Salcedo, Braxton;Young, Kara;Graham, Madalyn;Suarez, Reinier;Ford, Anarose;Lei, Zhentian;Sumner, Lloyd;Mooney, Brian P.;Wei, Xing;Greenlief, C. Michael;Johnson, Marc C.;Lin, Chung-Ho. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Recent SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiol. (WBE) surveillance have documented a pos. correlation between the number of COVID-19 patients in a sewershed and the level of viral genetic material in the wastewater. Efforts have been made to use the wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load to predict the infected population within each sewershed using a multivariable regression approach. However, reported clear and sustained variability in SARS-CoV-2 viral load among treatment facilities receiving industrial wastewater have made clin. prediction challenging. Several classes of mols. released by regional industries and manufacturing facilities, particularly the food processing industry, can significantly suppress the SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater by breaking down the lipid-bilayer of the membranes. Therefore, a systematic ranking process in conjugation with metabolomic anal. was developed to identify the wastewater treatment facilities exhibiting SARS-CoV-2 suppression and identify and quantify the chems. suppressing the SARS-COV-2 signals. By ranking the viral load per diagnosed case among the sewersheds, we successfully identified the wastewater treatment facilities in Missouri, USA that exhibit SARS-CoV-2 suppression (significantly lower than 5 x 10¹¹ gene copies/reported case) and determined their suppression rates. Through both untargeted global chem. profiling and targeted anal. of wastewater samples, 40 compounds were identified as candidates of SARS-CoV-2 signal suppressors. Among these compounds, 14 had higher concentrations in wastewater treatment facilities that exhibited SARS-CoV-2 signal suppression compared to the unsuppressed control facilities. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that 4-nonylphenol, palmitelaidic acid, sodium oleate, and polyethylene glycol dioleate are pos. correlated with SARS-CoV-2 signal suppression rates. Suppression activities were further confirmed by incubation studies, and the suppression kinetics for each bioactive compound were determined According to the results of these experiments, bioactive mols. in wastewater can significantly reduce the stability of SARS-CoV-2 genetic marker signals. Based on the concentrations of these chem. suppressors, a correction factor could be developed to achieve more reliable and unbiased surveillance results for wastewater treatment facilities that receive wastewater from similar industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic and highly stereoselective β-mannopyranosylation using a 2,6-lactone-bridged mannopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoate as donor was written by Feng, Yingle;Yang, Jie;Cai, Chenglin;Sun, Taotao;Zhang, Qi;Chai, Yonghai. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2022.Product Details of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and catalytic protocol for highly stereoselective construction of β-mannopyranosylation has been developed. Glycosylation of 2,6-lactone-bridged mannopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoate with various acceptors proceeded smoothly in the presence of 5% Hg(II) at room temperature, resulting in the corresponding β-mannosides in high yield and exclusive β-stereoselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Product Details of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic study of the copper-based magnetic nanocatalyst on the aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water was written by Dehkordi, S. Saeid Saei;Albadi, Jalal;Jafari, Abbas Ali;Samimi, Heshmat Allah. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2021.Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A copper-based magnetic nanocatalyst has been prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by FESEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, XRF, ICP-OES, FTIR, and BET anal. This new nanocatalyst displays a good activity toward the aerobic oxidation of a wide range of alcs. in water. Moreover, it is recyclable up to five following runs by simple filtration without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Self-healing, stretchable, and highly adhesive hydrogels for epidermal patch electrodes was written by Zhou, Xin;Rajeev, Ashna;Subramanian, Arunprabaharan;Li, Yang;Rossetti, Nicolo;Natale, Giovanniantonio;Lodygensky, Gregory A.;Cicoira, Fabio. And the article was included in Acta Biomaterialia in 2022.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Flexible, self-healing and adhesive conductive materials with Young′s modulus matching biol. tissues are highly desired for applications in bioelectronics. Here, we report self-healing, stretchable, highly adhesive and conductive hydrogels obtained by mixing polyvinyl alc., sodium tetraborate and a screen printing paste containing the conducting polymer Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and diol additives. The as prepared hydrogels exhibited modeling ability, high adhesion on pig skin (1.96 N/cm²), high plastic stretchability (>10000%), a moderate conductivity, a low compressive modulus (0.3-3.7 KPa), a good strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 3.88 at 500% strain), and remarkable self-healing properties. Epidermal patch electrodes prepared using one of our hydrogels demonstrated high-quality recording of electrocardiog. (ECG) and electromyog. (EMG) signal. Because of their straightforward fabrication, outstanding mech. properties and possibility to combine the electrode components in a single material, hydrogels based on PVA, borax and PEDOT:PSS are highly promising for applications in bioelectronics and wearable electronics. Soft materials with elec. conductivity are investigated for healthcare applications, such as electrodes to measure vital signs that can easily adapt to the shape and the movements of human skin. Conductive hydrogels (i.e. gels containing water) are ideal materials for this purpose due softness and flexibility. In this this work, we report hydrogels obtained mixing an elec. conductive polymer, a water-soluble biocompatible polymer and a salt. These materials show high adhesion on skin, elec. conductivity and ability to self-repair after a mech. damage. These hydrogels were successfully used to fabricate electrode to measure cardiac and muscular elec. signals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts