Tag: 100-200

A facile synthesis of ZrOx-MnCO₃/graphene oxide (GRO) nanocomposites for the oxidation of alcohols using molecular oxygen under base free conditions was written by Adil, Syed Farooq;Assal, Mohamed E.;Shaik, Mohammed Rafi;Kuniyil, Mufsir;AlOtaibi, Nawaf M.;Khan, Mujeeb;Sharif, Muhammad;Alam, M. Mujah;Al-Warthan, Abdulrahman;Mohammed, Jabair Ali;Sdiqui, Mohammed Rafiq H.;Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz. And the article was included in Catalysts in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Graphene and its nanocomposites are showing excellent potential in improving the catalytic performances of different materials. However, the synthetic protocol and its form, such as graphene oxide (GRO) or highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG), influence the catalytic efficiencies. Here, we present, a facile synthesis of graphene oxide (GRO) and ZrOx-MnCO₃-based nanocomposites [(1%)ZrOx-MnCO₃/(x%)GRO] and their outcome as an oxidation catalyst for alc. oxidation under mild conditions using O2 as a clean oxidant. The ZrOx-MnCO₃/GRO catalyst prepared by incorporating GRO to pre-calcined ZrOx-MnCO₃ using ball milling showed remarkable enhancement in the catalytic activities as compared to pristine ZrOx-MnCO₃, ZrOx-MnCO₃ supported on HRG or ZrOx-MnCO₃/GRO prepared by in-situ growth of ZrOx-MnCO₃ onto GRO followed by calcination. The catalyst with composition (1%)ZrOx-MnCO₃/(1%)GRO exhibited superior specific activity (57.1 mmol/g·h) with complete conversion and >99% selectivity of the product within a short period of time (7 min) and at a relatively lower temperature (100°C). The catalyst could be recycled at least five times with a negligible decrease in efficiency and selectivity. The catalytic study was extended to different aromatic as well as aliphatic alcs. under optimized conditions, which confirmed the efficiency and selectivity of the catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design of improved catalysts for manganese catalysed hydrogenation towards practical earth abundant reduction catalysis was written by Widegren, Magnus B.;Clarke, Matthew L.. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2019.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Manganese catalysts derived from tridentate P,N,N ligands can be activated easily using weak bases for both ketone and ester hydrogenations. Kinetic studies indicate the ketone hydrogenations are 0th order in acetophenone, pos. order in hydrogen and 1st order in the catalyst. This implies that the rate determining step of the reaction was the activation of hydrogen. New ligand systems with varying donor strength were studied and it was possible to make the hydrogen activation significantly more efficient; a catalyst displaying around a 3-fold increase in initial turn-over frequencies for the hydrogenation of acetophenone relative to the parent system was discovered as a result of these kinetic investigations. Ester hydrogenations and ketone transfer hydrogenation (isopropanol as reductant) are first order for both the substrate and catalysts. Kinetic studies also gained insight into catalyst stability and identified a working range in which the catalyst is stable throughout the catalytic reaction (and a larger working range where high yields can still be achieved). The new more active catalyst, combining an electron-rich phosphine with an electron-rich pyridine is capable of hydrogenating acetophenone using as little as 0.01 mol% catalyst at 65 °C. In all, protocols for reduction of 21 ketones and 15 esters are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cu(I)-Catalyzed Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Reaction Towards Synthesis of Diverse Fluorescent Quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-ones and Their Photophysical Study was written by Pawar, Gaurav;Ghouse, Shaikh Mohammad;Joshi, Swanand Vinayak;Rana, Preeti;Kar, Swayamsiddha;Sarma, P. Mahesh;Dannarm, Srinivas Reddy;Sonti, Rajesh;Nanduri, Srinivas. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Synthetic Route of C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

A novel, base- and ligand-free one pot protocol for the synthesis of fused-quinazolinone under microwave irradiation using environmentally friendly PEG-400 as a solvent has been developed. Besides benzaldehyde, various benzyl alcs. and Me arenes were used in this protocol, which extend its synthetic applicability. Photophys. study of this highly fluorescent framework was studied by fluorescent study. DFT and ESI/MS studies were carried out to justify the proposed mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Synthetic Route of C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Synthetic Route of C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reactions of Bis-dithiophosphonic Acids with 3-Hydroxypyridine and 3-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridine was written by Nizamov, I. S.;Belov, T. G.;Nizamov, I. D.;Mavrov, E. A.;Davletshin, R. R.;Cherkasov, R. A.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Bis-dithiophosphonic acids and their 3-hydroxypyridinium and 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium salts were prepared by reaction of Lawesson’s reagent with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and bisphenol A. Bis-dithiophosphonic acids reacted with 3-hydroxypyridine and 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine at a molar ratio of 1:2 to produce pyridinium salts which showed a high fungicidal activity against Candida albicans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Quality Control of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and biological evaluation of β-lapachone-monastrol hybrids as potential anticancer agents was written by Wu, Liqiang;Ma, Xin;Yang, Xiaojuan;Zhang, Chong. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A series of novel β-lapachone analogs I (R¹ = H, 10-Br, 8-MeO, etc., R² = H, 4-Cl, 6-F, 5-Me, etc.) was designed and synthesized by replacing the pyran ring of β-lapachone with the tetrahydropyrimidinethione moiety of monastrol. These hybrids had potent antiproliferative activity against NQO1-rich cell lines (HepG2 and A549; NQO1 = NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1), while NQO1-deficient cell lines (H596 and LO2) were less sensitive to these hybrids. Dicoumarol partially inhibited the activity of these compounds against A549 cell lines, indicating that the activation of biol. reduction mediated by NQO1 might partly affect the antiproliferative effects. The NQO1 assay and docking study demonstrated that I (R¹ = 8-MeO, R² = H) (II) was a good substrate of NQO1. Furthermore, as suggested by cellular mechanistic research concerning antitumor activity, the representative compound II resulted in ROS production depending on NQO1, then oxidative stress-triggered apoptotic cell death. Importantly, II significantly suppressed cancer growth in HepG2 xenograft models without obvious toxicity, suggesting that II deserve further research as potent antitumor agents for cancer therapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (cas: 60549-26-0Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (cas: 60549-26-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Experimental study on the discharge characteristics of two eutectic solder packed bed latent heat storage systems was written by Mawire, Ashmore;Ekwomadu, Chidiebere;Lefenya, Tlotlo;Shobo, Adedamola. And the article was included in International Journal of Energy Research in 2022.Computed Properties of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Metallic solder based PCMs possess higher thermal conductivities, larger storage masses and exhibit lower subcooling effects compared to their organic or inorganic counterparts. It is thus justified to investigate their potential usage for medium temperature applications. These solders are relatively expensive and can be combined with cheaper PCMs in cascaded storage systems which are more thermodynamically efficient compared to single PCM systems as reported recently. The aim of the research is thus to compare two packed bed storage systems during discharging cycles using eutectic solder (Sn63/Pb37), that is widely available worldwide. The single PCM system (40 capsules) consists of encapsulated spheres of eutectic solder, whereas the second cascaded system consists of encapsulated spheres of eutectic solder and erythritol in an equal storage ratio in the tank. For the cascaded system, the eutectic solder capsules are placed at the top and erythritol at the bottom of the storage tank (20 capsules at the top and 20 at the bottom). The effect of the discharging flow-rates of 4 mL/s, 6 mL/s and 8 mL/s is investigated in relation to the temperature profiles, energy rates and exergy rates. Increasing the flow-rate, increases heat transfer rate thus shortening the discharging time as well as increasing thermal profile reversals during discharging. The peak energy and exergy rates increase with the increase in the flow-rate for the two storage systems. The single PCM system shows slightly higher average energy and exergy rates compared to the cascaded system possibly due to its higher thermal conductivity The cascaded PCM system shows higher average stratification numbers at all the flow rates considered. The non-cascaded system exhibited slightly higher exergy recovery efficiencies compared to the cascaded PCM system possibly due to its higher thermal conductivity at all flow-rates considered. The effect of the initial discharging temperature is also investigated with a discharging flow-rate of 6 mL/s after charging with set heater temperatures of 260°C, 280°C and 300°C, resp. Comparable thermal profiles are seen for both systems for the three set temperatures; however, the single PCM system shows slightly higher storage temperatures The single PCM shows slightly higher but comparable peak and average discharging energy rates compared to the cascaded system. The exergy rates for the two systems are also comparable. However, the cascaded system shows slightly higher exergy rate values for the lowest set temperature whereas the single PCM system shows slightly higher exergy rate values for the other two set temperatures Energy and exergy rates are almost independent of the initial storage tank temperatures induced by different set charging temperatures The average stratification number shows no correlation with set temperature for both storage systems. The cascaded system shows slightly higher average stratification numbers at different set temperatures Exergy recovery efficiencies for different set heater temperatures are comparable for the two storage systems and vary only marginally with the increase in the set temperature Overall, the effect of the flow-rate is more pronounced than the effect of the set heater temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Computed Properties of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Computed Properties of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New insights on the effects of in-pond raceway aquaculture system (IRAS) with dietary rhubarb extracts on the fresh meat quality of Megalobrama amblycephala was written by Lin, Yan;Miao, Linghong;Sun, Cunxin;Jiang, Wenqiang;Zhou, Qunlan;Liu, Bo;Ge, Xianping. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2022.Safety of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

Numerous studies have shown that in-pond raceway aquaculture system (IRAS) is the future of industrialized and large-scale pond culture, and rhubarb extracts have been proved to improve immunity, resist stress and regulate lipid metabolism This study sought to investigate the difference between the IRAS (7.0 kg/m3) and traditional pond (0.52 kg/m3) in the fresh meat quality of Megalobrama amblycephala, and further the role of dietary rhubarb extracts on fish in IRAS. M. amblycephala (220-250 g) were raised in three different conditions: IRAS group: IRAS (7.0 kg/m3) culture fed with a normal formulated diet, IRAS-R group: IRAS (7.0 kg/m3) culture fed with a functional diet containing 0.05% rhubarb extracts, TP-R group: traditional pond (0.52 kg/m3) culture fed a functional diet containing 0.05% rhubarb extracts The fresh meat quality indicators were analyzed after four months of breeding. The electronic nose analyses elucidated differences in the odor of the raw fish from the three examined groups. Specifically, out of the 68 volatile flavor compounds identified in the three groups (including ketones, aldehydes, acids, alkanes, and alcs.), 41 were detected in the TP-R group, 44 in the IRAS-R group, and 54 in the IRAS group. The aldehydes were the main contributor to fishy odor in the fresh meat of M. amblycephala, and the main aldehyde in three groups was hexanal, the contents were all higher than 8500μg/kg. IRAS-R group resulted in a significant increase in ketones compared to TP-R group (1322.28μg/kg) and IRAS group (1228.36μg/kg), reaching a total content of 2997.44μg/kg, which was mainly composed of 2,3-octanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, 3,5-octadien-2-one, non-3,5-dien-2-one, and 3-octen-2-one. IRAS improved the shear force, total amino acids, essential amino-acid, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), hypoxanthine ribonucleoside (HxR), and decreased the crude lipid, saturated fatty acid, guanosine monophosphate (GMP) of M. amblycephala meat compared with traditional pond (P < 0.05). IRAS with dietary rhubarb extracts further enhance shear force, and the content of delicious amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), ω-3 unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., EPA + DHA), ω-6 unsaturated fatty acids, and UFA/SFA (unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids) ratios compared with IRAS group(P < 0.05). Therefore, this study provides important insights into the effects of IRAS and rhubarb extracts on fish meat quality and establishes a methodol. framework for the evaluation of how different culture systems and plant-based supplements affect muscle characteristics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Safety of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Helicates, boxes, and polymers from simple pyridine-alcohol ligands: the impact of the identity of the transition metal ion was written by Telfer, Shane G.;Parker, Nyree D.;Kuroda, Reiko;Harada, Takunori;Lefebvre, Julie;Leznoff, Daniel B.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2008.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The coordination chem. of 6-methylpyridine-2-methanol (1) and enantiopure (R)-1-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethanol (2) with a range of divalent 1st-row transition metal salts was studied in an effort to determine whether H-bonded helicates will form, as observed for Co(II) salts. H-bonded helicates, [Cu₂(1)₂(1-H)₂X₂] (X = Cl, Br), were only observed upon combining 1 with CuCl₂ and CuBr₂ in MeOH solution Other metal salts led to alternative products, viz. Cu(ClO₄)₂ in the presence of base gives [Cu₂(1)₂(1-H)₂](ClO₄)₂, ZnCl₂ and ZnBr₂ give the 1-dimensional helical coordination polymers [Zn(1-H)Cl]_∞ and [Zn(1-H)Br]_∞, a mixture of NiCl₂ and Ni(OAc)₂ produces the [Ni₄(1-H)₄Cl₂(OAc)₂(MeOH)₂] cubane, NiCl₂ leads to the [Ni₄(1-H)₄Cl₄(MeOH)₄] cubane, while MnCl₂ gives the known cubane [Mn₄(1-H)₆Cl₄]. The reaction of 2 with CuCl₂ produces the mononuclear complex Λ-[Cu(2)₂Cl]Cl, while reaction with CuBr₂ leads to a dimer, Λ,Λ-[Cu₂(2)₃(2-H)Br₂]Br, which is held together by a single H bond between the monomeric subunits. The solid-state CD spectra of these latter complexes were recorded and are very similar. The temperature-dependent magnetic behavior of [Cu₂(1)₂(1-H)₂X₂] (X = Cl, Br), [Cu₂(1)₂(1-H)₂](ClO₄)₂, [Cu₂(2)₃(2-H)Br₂]Br, and [Ni₄(1-H)₄Cl₂(OAc)₂(MeOH)₂] was studied. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the Cu(II) centers is mediated by the H bonds in the [Cu₂(1)₂(1-H)₂X₂] (X = Cl, Br) complexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts