Tag: 100-200

Total synthesis of (±)-monomorine was written by Le, Tri Q.;Oliver, Robert M. III;Arcari, Joel T.;Mitton-Fry, Mark J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

An efficient, two-operation synthesis of the trail ant pheromone (±)-monomorine (I) is reported. The synthesis features an aqueous Claisen-Schmidt condensation followed by the stereocontrolled installation of the three resident stereocenters in a single operation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0HPLC of Formula: 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Base-Induced Mechanistic Variation in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides was written by Hu, Yanhe;Liu, Jing;Lu, Zhixin;Luo, Xiancai;Zhang, Heng;Lan, Yu;Lei, Aiwen. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

A mechanism, which is distinct from the traditional one when sodium alkoxide was used instead of tertiary amines, was proposed for the alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides. The catalytic cycle was composed of oxidative addition, subsequent ArPdOR formation, CO insertion to Pd-OR, and final reductive elimination of ArPdCOOR. The kinetic simultaneity of the formation of deiodinated side product from the aryl iodide and aldehyde from corresponding alc. provided strong evidence for the existence of ArPdOR species. The observation of thioether, as the other competitive product in palladium catalyzed thiocarbonylation of aryl iodides and sodium alkylthiolate, also indicate the possibility of metathesis between ArPdI and sodium alkylthiolate. Preliminary kinetic studies revealed that neither oxidative addition nor reductive elimination was rate limiting. DFT calculation displayed preference for CO insertion into Pd-OR bond. The advantage of this novel mechanism had been demonstrated in the facile alkoxycarbonylation and thiocarbonylation. The ethoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides under room temperature and balloon pressure of CO in the presence of EtONa were examined, and good to high yields were obtained; the t-butoxycarbonylation reactions in the presence of t-BuONa were achieved, and the alkylthiocarbonylation (including the t-butylthiocarbonylation) of aryl iodides in the presence of sodium alkylthiolate were also investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of N-protected serine ethers as precursors of new photoactivatable amino acids cleavable by hydrogenolysis was written by Dugave, Christophe;Kessler, Pascal;Colas, Christophe;Hirth, Christian. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1994.Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

Protected serine amino(hydroxy)benzyl ethers I (Boc = Me₃CO₂C, Fmoc = 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, MEM = 2-methoxyethoxymethyl) were synthesized. Spectral characteristics of the corresponding photoactivatable 4-diazocyclohexa-2,5-dienones II were determined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enhanced ready biodegradability screening tests for the evaluation of potential PBT substances was written by Gartiser, Stefan;Brunswik-Titze, Andrea;Flach, Felicitas;Junker, Thomas;Saettler, Daniel;Joehncke, Ulrich. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

In persistence assessment enhanced ready biodegradation tests (eRBT) are aimed to close the gap between screening tests and complex simulation tests. However, only few data from these tests are available and neither guidance on the design and interpretation of eRBTs, nor suitable validity criteria have been established so far. In a practical testing program 5 compounds with controversial degradation data have been tested in 4 test series including prolongation to 60 days and use of different inocula (activated sludge, final effluent from a STP), flask sizes, and endpoints (CO₂, O₂, DOC). The drug ibuprofen and the intermediate 4-fluorophenol were biodegraded by >60% within 28 days within a 10-day-window and therefore are considered as readily biodegradable and in conclusion fulfilling the criteria for “not persistent”. The mean mineralization of the pesticide synergist piperonylbutoxide and the antioxidant octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate achieved 20%-50% (=”potentially P”). The mineralization of the cosmetic ingredient cis-13-docosenonamide (Erucamide) was between 36%-64% after 60 days with activated sludge and 21% with the effluent from the STP. Diethylene glycol reached the pass level of 60% mineralization within 28 days in all test series without always meeting the 10-day window, and thus proved to be a suitable reference substance for eRBTs. Based on the results of the study several recommendations for the test design, the evaluation and the interpretation of eRBTs are made. However, a broader data set is required and further enhancements such as the quality and amount of the inoculum should also be considered in future research. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Peripherally acting enkephalin analogs. 2. Polar tri- and tetrapeptides was written by Hardy, George W.;Lowe, Lawrence A.;Mills, Gail;Sang, Pang Yih;Simpkin, Dean S. A.;Follenfant, Rhonda L.;Shankley, Clare;Smith, Terence W.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1989.Safety of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol This article mentions the following:

The design, synthesis, and biol. activity of a series of D-Arg²-enkephalin-derived tetrapeptide amides and tripeptide aralkylamides are reported. These polar analogs were designed to be excluded from the central nervous system, with their action thus limited to peripheral opioid receptors. The effects of the nature of the aromatic ring, aryl ring substitution and aralkylamide chain length on activity were investigated; in a number of cases the N-terminal amino group of Tyr¹ was converted to a guanidino group to further increase hydrophilicity. The peptides were all synthesized by classical solution methodol. The opioid activity of the peptides was assessed in vitro on the guinea pig ileum, and their antinociceptive activity was determined in vivo in chem. induced writhing models (peripheral activity) and in the hot-plate test (central activity) in rodents. The analgesic effects were predominantly mediated in the periphery, as demonstrated by antagonism of antinociception by the peripheral opioid antagonist N-methylnalorphine and by comparison of the activities in the writhing and hot-plate tests. As a class, the tetrapeptides were more potent than the tripeptides; N^α-amidination generally increased activity. A number of compounds exhibited very potent opioid activity and had the desired pharmacol. profile, indicating a high degree of peripheral selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Safety of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel highly efficient absolute optical resolution method by serial combination of two asymmetric reactions from acetylene monomers having racemic substituents was written by Tang, Yanan;Liu, Lijia;Suzuki, Junpei;Teraguchi, Masahiro;Kaneko, Takashi;Aoki, Toshiki. And the article was included in Chirality in 2022.Application of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

For general optical resolution, an optical resolution agent is necessary, and the best agent should be selected for each racemic compound In this study, we will report that a novel optical resolution method by circularly polarized light (CPL) without any optical resolution agents has been developed by serially connecting two enantioselective reactions. These reactions we developed are the enantiomer-selective helix-sense-selective polymerization (ES-HSSP) and helix-sense-selective highly selective photocyclic aromatization (SCAT) by CPL (HS-SCAT). Since this significantly unique EPHS method (EPHS = ES-HSSP + HS-SCAT) does not need any optical resolution agents, any cocatalysts, and solvents for the selective decomposition reaction (HS-SCAT), this process is quite simple and convenient. Since this process does not include any decomposition of the target racemates themselves, both enantiomers could be obtained. The optical yields for isolated compounds that were enantiomerically separated by the EPHS method were very high, for example, 78%ee, 93%ee, and 85%ee for menthol, phenethyl alc., and 2-butanol, resp. In addition, their chem. yields were around 85% to 94%. Therefore, the EPHS method was found to show an excellent performance and can be applied to actual optical resolution for a wide range of racemic compounds This is the first absolute optical resolution by CPL showing high optical and chem. yields and expected to become a practical optical resolution method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Application of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification of L-rhamnose in aspenwood was written by Jones, J. K. N.;Schoettler, J. R.. And the article was included in Tappi in 1952.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Aspenwood (I) meal was hydrolyzed at 90° with N H₂SO₄; the hydrolyzate, when examined chromatographically showed the presence of xylose, galactose, and arabinose, and possibly glucose, mannose, and glucurone. L-Rhamnose (II) was present in very small amounts (< 1%), and was isolated as the cryst, hydrate, [α]_D 9° (H₂O), which was then converted into the characteristic benzoylhydrazone, m. 188°. Presumably this is the first time that II has been isolated from the hydrolyzate of I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characteristics of myoglobin degradation by cold plasma and its pro-oxidative activity on lipid in washed fish muscle was written by Ke, Zhigang;Bai, Yiwen;Zhu, Hao;Xiang, Xingwei;Liu, Shulai;Zhou, Xuxia;Ding, Yuting. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the degradation of myoglobin both in solution and in tuna muscle by cold plasma (CP) was investigated through UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy anal., and the effect of the degradation products on lipid oxidation in washed turbot muscle (WTM) was explored. Results showed that heme in myoglobin was degraded upon CP treatment, from which a fluorescent product was formed and iron was released. The degradation products promoted lipid oxidation in WTM during cold storage, in which the released iron played an important role. Results of gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry anal. showed that the contents of 37 volatile compounds in WTM were increased by heme degradation products induced lipid oxidation, including 20 aldehydes, 9 alcs., 5 ketones and 3 furans. This study provides a new insight to the mechanism of lipid oxidation in CP-treated fish during cold storage, as well as guidance for preserving myoglobin-containing foods with CP. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Related Products of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective hydrogenation of aromatic ketones: structural effects was written by Hess, Reto;Mallat, Tamas;Baiker, Alfons. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2003.Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Enantioselective hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives demonstrates the potential of the Pt-cinchona system in the synthesis of chiral alcs. that possess no functional group in the α-position to the CH-OH group. Electron-withdrawing functional groups in the aromatic ring increased the reaction rate and enantiomeric excess (ee), and the position of the group (o-, m-, or p-) was also important. In the hydrogenation of 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone under ambient conditions, 60% ee was obtained, though the special role of reaction parameters has not been investigated yet. Addition of cinchonidine slowed down all hydrogenation reactions-an unprecedented behavior for chirally modified Pt. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and application of chiral N,N’-dialkylated cyclohexanediamine for asymmetric hydrogenation of aryl ketones was written by Ma, Meng-Lin;Ren, Chuan-Hong;Lv, Ya-Jing;Chen, Hua;Li, Xian-Jun. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2011.Product Details of 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

Chiral N,N’-dialkylated cyclohexanediamine derived ligands were synthesized and used in the asym. hydrogenation of aryl ketones. Optically active alcs. with up to 90% enantiomeric excess were obtained in high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Product Details of 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts