Tag: 100-200

Discovery of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (BZD) Derivatives as Dual Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1/2 (NOD1/NOD2) Antagonists Sensitizing Paclitaxel (PTX) To Suppress Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) Growth in Vivo was written by Wang, Suhua;Yang, Jingshu;Li, Xueyuan;Liu, Zijie;Wu, Youzhen;Si, Guangxu;Tao, Yiran;Zhao, Nan;Hu, Xiao;Ma, Yao;Liu, Gang. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated mol. patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated mol. patterns (DAMPs). Previously, we reported nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) antagonists (11, 12) and a NOD2 antagonist (9) that sensitized docetaxel (DTX) or paclitaxel (PTX) treatment for breast or lung cancer. In this article, we describe for the first time a 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (BZD) derivative (26bh) that acts as a dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonist and inhibits both nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling, thereby sensitizing PTX to suppress Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) growth. After investigation of the compound’s cytotoxicity, a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) was completed and revealed several key factors that were necessary to maintain antagonistic ability. This study establishes the possibility for using adjuvant treatment to combat cancer by antagonizing both NOD1 and NOD2 signaling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical composition, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Myrtus communis L. leaves essential oil was written by Caputo, Lucia;Capozzolo, Francesca;Amato, Giuseppe;De Feo, Vincenzo;Fratianni, Florinda;Vivenzio, Giovanni;Nazzaro, Filomena. And the article was included in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The potential of essential oils (EOs) and of their principal constituents for eradication of biofilm and at the same time the research of new potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is gaining increasing interest in last years. The aims of this study were to determine the chem. composition and to evaluate the antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of Myrtus communis leaves essential oil and its main constituents. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of M. communis L. leaves and was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against both gram-neg. and gram-pos. bacteria. The microdilution method was used to estimate the min. inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Then, the capacity of essential oil and its main constituent to inhibit biofilm growth, with the method of OToole and Kolterand, and the metabolic activity of biofilm cells through the MTT colorimetric method were evaluated at different times. Moreover, was studied the potential cytotoxic activity against SH-SY5Y cell line with MTT assay and the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity using Ellmans assay. Myrtenyl-acetate, 1,8 cineole, α-pinene, and linalool were the main components in the EO. The myrtle EO, at the min. tested dose (0.4 mg/mL), inhibited S. aureus biofilm by 42.1% and was capable of inhibiting the biofilm cell metabolism in all tested strains, except Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the EO showed good cytotoxic and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities IC50 of 209.1 and 32.8μg/mL, resp. The results suggest that myrtle EO and its main constituents could be used as possible products that could act against the resistant pathogenic species E. coli, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, on the other hand, as possible coadjutants in the treatment of neurol. diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2COA of Formula: C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Piezo-photoelectric all-in-one coaxial hierarchical TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ heterostructure for synergistic water splitting was written by Yang, M.;Wang, Y.;Ma, H.;Chen, L.;Ge, S.;Wang, X.;Yu, J.;Cheng, Z.. And the article was included in Materials Today Chemistry in 2022.Application of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

Rational multiple-field coupling, component control, and microarchitectures design for utilization of multiform driving forces as well as benefiting charge-carrier separation and migration is considered to be an outstanding approach to improve water splitting efficiency for alleviating increasing environmental problems. Herein, a novel piezo-photoelec. catalyst, coaxial TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ heterostructures, was designed for efficient hydrogen production, synergistically driven by mech. force, electricity, and light. The vertical growth of TiO₂ nanorods guarantees sufficient generation of photoinduced charges and their fast migration. Elec. field generated by the piezoelec. BaTiO₃ shell under a mech. driving force will promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby minimizing the probability of charge recombination. The further incorporation of the outermost layer of CuInS₂ is beneficial to broaden light harvesting. Of particular importance is the cascade band arrangement of the three different functional components, which greatly enhances the transfer of photo- and piezoelec. induced charges. With the synergy of enhanced light harvesting, energy band engineering, and nanostructure interfacial design, the fabricated TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ photoelectrode has achieved significant enhancement of piezo-photoelec. hydrogen evolution efficiency and could be expanded for pollutant decomposition This simple yet general strategy provides valuable guidance for cooperatively capitalizing on piezoelectricity to engineer high-performing energy conversion and environmental protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selenium- and Silicon-Mediated Recovery of Satureja (Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Chemotypes Subjected to Drought Stress Followed by Rewatering was written by Karimi, Ehsan;Ghasemnezhad, Azim;Ghorbanpour, Mansour. And the article was included in Gesunde Pflanzen in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Little is known about the potential role of selenium and silicon post drought in plants, and the physiol. mechanisms involved are yet to be explored. Medicinal plant cultivation in existing crop systems is of great importance for sustainable production of active ingredients. The first step in this process is to grow the plants under natural field conditions. For this purpose, the effects of drought stress (moderate stress: 25 days without irrigation and severe stress: 40 days without irrigation) and rewatering on physiol. traits and photosynthetic pigments of two forest Satureja chemotypes of “carvacrol/thymol/p-cymene” (Darkesh chemotype) and “thymol/p-cymene/carvacrol” (Pono chemotype) were assessed in two sep. experiments under foliar application of two drought protectants: selenium (0, 5, and 20 mg/l) and silicon (0, 1, and 5 mM). The results showed that at least in one experiment, the proline content of Darkesh and Pono increased by 33.48 and 16.76% following water stress, resp. A significant enhancement was observed in proline level only in the Darkesh chemotype by rewatering. In both chemotypes, the sugar content increased (by 11.59 and 27.41%) as water stress increased, resp. On the other hand, by rewatering, a reduction in sugar content was observed only in the Pono chemotype. Ionic leakage increased in both chemotypes during the second experiment Similar to sugar content, rewatering decreased ionic leakage only in the Pono chemotype. No clear separation was found in the response of forest savory chemotypes to foliar selenium and silicon application. However, selenium-treated plants reduced proline accumulation under drought stress. Based on the obtained results, forest savory as a drought-resistance valuable medicinal plant can be introduced into the crop system, especially in regions with low precipitation and scarce water sources. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of IACS-9779 and IACS-70465 as Potent Inhibitors Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Apoenzyme was written by Hamilton, Matthew M.;Mseeh, Faika;McAfoos, Timothy J.;Leonard, Paul G.;Reyna, Naphtali J.;Harris, Angela L.;Xu, Alan;Han, Michelle;Soth, Michael J.;Czako, Barbara;Theroff, Jay P.;Mandal, Pijus K.;Burke, Jason P.;Virgin-Downey, Brett;Petrocchi, Alessia;Pfaffinger, Dana;Rogers, Norma E.;Parker, Connor A.;Yu, Simon S.;Jiang, Yongying;Krapp, Stephan;Lammens, Alfred;Trevitt, Graham;Tremblay, Martin R.;Mikule, Keith;Wilcoxen, Keith;Cross, Jason B.;Jones, Philip;Marszalek, Joseph R.;Lewis, Richard T.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Electric Literature of C9H17NO3 This article mentions the following:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a heme-containing enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step in the metabolism of L-tryptophan to kynurenine, has been widely explored as a potential immunotherapeutic target in oncol. The authors have developed a class of inhibitors with a conformationally constrained bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane core. These potently inhibited IDO1 in a cellular context by binding to the apoenzyme, as elucidated by biochem. characterization and X-ray crystallog. A SKOV3 tumor model was instrumental in differentiating compounds, leading to the identification of I (IACS-9779) and II (IACS-70465). IACS-70465 has excellent cellular potency, a robust pharmacodynamic response, and in a human whole blood assay was more potent than linrodostat (BMS-986205). IACS-9779 with a predicted human efficacious once-daily dose below 1 mg/kg to sustain >90% inhibition of IDO1 displayed an acceptable safety margin in rodent toxicol. and dog cardiovascular studies to support advancement into preclin. safety evaluation for human development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Electric Literature of C9H17NO3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C9H17NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cationic DABCO-Based Catalyst for Site-Selective C-H Alkylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer was written by Matsumoto, Akira;Yamamoto, Masanori;Maruoka, Keiji. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A series of hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) catalysts based on the readily available and tunable 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) structure was designed, and their photoinduced HAT catalysis ability was demonstrated. The combination of HAT catalyst with an acridinium-based organophotoredox catalyst enabled efficient and site-selective C-H alkylation of substrates ranging from unactivated hydrocarbons to complex mols. Notably, a HAT catalyst with addnl. substituents adjacent to a nitrogen atom further improved the site selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that the N-substituent of the catalyst played a crucial role, assisting in the generation of a dicationic aminium radical as an active species for the HAT process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A possible novel link between organophosphorus and DDT insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles: supporting evidence from fenitrothion metabolism studies was written by Hemingway, J.;Miyamoto, J.;Herath, P. R. J.. And the article was included in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology in 1991.COA of Formula: C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

Fenitrothion metabolism studies on a multiple organophosphorus resistant strain of A. subpictus from Sri Lanka indicated that oxidases and glutathione S-transferases play a major role in the detoxication of this insecticide. The oxidases, as well as producing detoxication products, also produce two highly active acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, fenitrooxon and 3-hydroxymethyl fenitrooxon. Further metabolism studies on fenitrooxon indicated that the glutathione S-transferases in A. subpictus were able to detoxify these activation products. DDT resistance in the field population of A. subpictus has increased since 1983, although there has been no direct DDT selection pressure during this period. DDT resistance in this species is due to an increase in DDT dehydrochlorination which is correlated with an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity. It is possible that the same enzyme is responsible for both DDT and secondary organophosphate (fenitrothion) metabolism If so, organophosphorus insecticide selection pressure will actively maintain, or select for, DDT resistance in this population. Linkage disequilibrium between the oxidase and glutathione S-transferase-based resistance genes would be expected if the same glutathione S-transferase fulfils both functions, and this is now being investigated in the field population in Sri Lanka. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9COA of Formula: C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Difluoroalkylation of Tertiary Amides and Lactams by an Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Reformatsky Reaction was written by Biallas, Phillip;Yamazaki, Ken;Dixon, Darren J.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

An iridium catalyzed, reductive alkylation of abundant tertiary lactams and amides using 1-2 mol % of Vaska’s complex (IrCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂), tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) and difluoro-Reformatsky reagents (BrZnCF₂R) for the general synthesis of medicinally relevant α-difluoroalkylated tertiary amines, is described. A broad scope (42 examples), including N-aryl and N-heteroaryl substituted lactams, demonstrated an excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, late-stage drug functionalizations, a gram scale synthesis and common downstream transformations proved the potential synthetic relevance of this new methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Molten salt-induction of geometrically deformed ruthenium single atom catalysts with high performance for aerobic oxidation of alcohols was written by Dong, Xiuli;Jia, Yufei;Zhang, Mingyang;Ji, Siqi;Leng, Leipeng;Hugh Horton, J.;Xu, Chang;He, Cheng;Tan, Qiang;Zhang, Jiangwei;Li, Zhijun. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2023.Recommanded Product: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Recently, construction of single atom catalysts (SACs) for heterogeneous organic transformations has attracted great interest, but accomplishing high selectivity for a specific product under mild conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report a facile molten salt-induced strategy for creating Ru single atoms anchored onto a geometrically deformed nitrogen-doped carbon (Ru₁/NC) support. This Ru catalyst is characterized by a range of methods, including advanced electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the Ru single atom catalyst is highly effective for benzyl alc. oxidation reaction, achieving an exceptional catalytic efficiency (1 atm O₂ @ 90°C) with more than 99% selectivity for benzaldehyde under nearly 100% conversion, along with a high initial turnover frequency up to 1213 h^-1. Moreover, excellent recyclability and substrate tolerance ability are validated. D. functional theory calculations further indicate that the high catalytic reactivity stems from strong electronic metal-support interactions. This work provides a new avenue in designing single atom catalysts at the at. level for organic transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Amino Alcohols and Derivatives with Therapeutic Properties. II was written by Fourneau, E.. And the article was included in Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie in 1911.Product Details of 14123-48-9 This article mentions the following:

Dimethylaminodimethylethylcarbinol, Me₂NCH₂CMeEtOH, (1) by heating C₆H₆ solution of Me₂NH with ClCH₂MeCEtOH in a sealed tube, or (2) from Me₂NH and EtMeC – CH₂ in the same way, or (3) by the action of EtMgBr on Me₂NCH₂Ac; colorless liquid b. 149°, methiodide, prisms, m. 126°. The other bases described were prepared similarly. Diethylaminodimethylethylcarbinol. Dimethylaminotrimethylcarbinol, b₇₅₈ 130°. Methiodide, prisms, m. 130°. Dimethylaminodimethylpropylcarbinol, b₂₅ 78°. Methiodide, plates, m. 151°. Dimethylaminodimethylisoamylcarbinol, b₇₅₈ 199.5°. Hydrochloride, leaflets, m. 145°. Dimethylaminodimethylphenylcarbinol. Dimethylaminodimethylbenzylcarbinol, b₂₄₁ 144°. Dimethylaminodiethylmethylcarbinol, from EtMgBr and Me₂NCH₂CO₂Et, or EtMgBr and ClCH₂CO₂Et, followed by Me₂NH, b. 170°. Methiodide, prisms, m. 134°. Starting with excess of NH₃, by method (1) both primary and secondary bases are obtained. Aminodimethylethylcarbinol, H₂NCH₂CMeEtOH, syrup with nicotine odor, b. 170°, not precipitated by the usual alkaloid reagents. Hydrochloride, hygroscopi leaflets, m. 90°. Aminobisdimethylethylcarbinol, syrup with strong odor, b₂₆ 165-6°. Hydrochloride, brilliant, non-hygroscopic leaflets. Aminodimethylisoamylcarbinol, b₆₀ 125°. Aminobisdimethylisoamylcarbinol, crystalline, b₄₅ 206°. Hydrochloride, difficultly soluble in H₂O, affording a separation from the primary base, m. 183°. Aminodimethylphenylcarbinol, b₄₀ 174-5°. Aminobisdimethylphenylcarbinol, b₄₀ 258°. Hydrochloride, slightly soluble in H₂O, leaflets, m. 228-9°. Methylaminodimethylethylcarbinol, b. 160°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Product Details of 14123-48-9).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 14123-48-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts