Tag: 100-200

Deodorization of sunflower oil by high voltage electric field as a nonthermal method sunflower oil refining by electric field was written by Tavakoli, Atefeh;Sahari, Mohammad Ali;Barzegar, Mohsen;Ahmadi Gavlighi, Hassan;Marzocchi, Silvia;Marziali, Sara;Caboni, Maria. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the high voltage elec. field (HVEF) method was used for deodorization of sunflower oil to omit drawbacks of an established industrial method including long time, high energy, chems. and water consumption, loss of bioactive compounds, and formation of some contaminants due to exposure to heat. Response surface methodol. (RSM) was employed to find the optimal values of processing parameters. The effects of voltage (5-15 kV), clay (0-1%), electrolyte concentration (0-50 mM), the number of electrodes (1-5 pairs), and electrodes distance (1-3 cm) on the volatile compounds and tocopherols content were investigated by HS-SPME-GC/MS and HPLC, resp. The optimal processing conditions were determined to be a voltage of 5 kV, a distance of 1 cm between the electrodes and a number of five pairs of electrodes. The amount of bleaching clay and electrolyte concentration were zero under optimal conditions. The refining process by HVEF removed 32.33% of the volatile compounds from crude sunflower oil, while the industrial refining process reduced the volatile compounds by only 17.78%. Result indicated no change was observed in the tocopherols content of refined sunflower oil by HVEF method. Based on PCA results, HVEF-treated sample not only contained the lowest concentration of volatile compounds but also was the most similar to crude sample in terms of volatile compounds composition The oil refining process consists of four main stages, the last of which is deodorization. This step involves injecting steam at a temperature of about 240°C, under vacuum for about 50 min. High voltage elec. field (HVEF) was able to reduce the number of volatile compounds, while no change was made in the tocopherol content of sunflower oil samples. It also does not form contaminant such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters. There is no need to apply the vacuum in HVEF refining, which reduces the production cost and makes the process flow straightforward as well as rapid. This research helps to propagate green refining procedures of vegetable oils in food plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of Dietary Allitol on Body Fat Accumulation in Rats. was written by Higaki, Shunsuke;Inai, Reiko;Matsuo, Tatsuhiro. And the article was included in Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology in 2022.Computed Properties of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Allitol is a rare sugar alcohol obtained by reducing d-allulose (d-psicose). However, information on the effects of long-term dietary allitol intake is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of allitol supplementation, as a sugar substitute, on body fat accumulation in rats compared with sucrose, rare sugar d-allulose, or erythritol. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3 wk old) were fed experimental diets including 5% sucrose, allitol, erythritol, or d-allulose for 8 wk ad libitum. Weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency did not differ among the groups. The total body fat mass and percentage, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in rats fed with the allitol diet than in those fed with the sucrose diet. These body fat indicators tended to be lower in rats fed with the erythritol and d-allulose diets than in those fed with the sucrose diet, but there was no significant difference. The serum glucose-lowering effect obtained in rats fed with the d-allulose diet did not appear in rats fed with the allitol diet. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effect of allitol may be equal to or greater than that of d-allulose. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Computed Properties of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of levels and types of organic, biological, and chemical fertilizers on morphological traits, yield, and uptake rate of elements in Satureja mutica was written by Asadollahi, Amaneh;Abbaszadeh, Bohloul;Torkashvand, Ali Mohammadi;Jahromi, Marzieh Ghanbari. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Reference of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Satureja species are of great economic and medical importance due to their high content of essential oils and use in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Due to the domestication and introduction of Satureja mutica cultivars, for the first time and the lack of comprehensive research on its cultivation, the need for research on the nutritional needs of this plant and the introduction of suitable fertilizer treatments that can be used by farmers is important. This experiment was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in field conditions using randomized complete blocks with three replications and 21 treatments in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The results of mean comparisons of fertilizer treatments (mean of two years) showed that the highest plant height, with 88 and 80 cm, was related to cow manure treatments of 30 and 60 tons per ha, resp. The highest flowering shoot yield, with 4427, 4266, and 4113 kg ha^-1, was obtained from N₅₀P₂₅K₂₅ + vermicompost10 and N₅₀P₂₅K₂₅ + cow manure60 and N₅₀P₂₅K₂₅ + cow manure30 treatments in the second year, resp. The lowest yield of the flowering shoot (849 kg ha^-1) belonged to Pseudomonas putida treatment. The highest leaf yield, with 2556 and 2441 kg ha^-1, was obtained from N₂₅P₂₅K₂₅ + vermicompost10 and N₂₅, P₂₅, K₂₅ +cow manure60 treatments, resp. According to the results, the highest nitrogen content, with 2.44 and 2.32 g/100 g, was obtained from the cow manure30 treatment in the first and second year, resp. The maximum nitrogen uptake with 94.43 kg ha^-1 was obtained from N₅₀, P₂₅, K₂₅ + vermicompost10. The lowest nitrogen uptake at 24 kg ha^-1 was related to Pseudomonas putida treatment. The mean comparison of two years showed that the highest essential oil percentage (2.11 g/100 g) and yield (79.27 kg ha^-1) were obtained from the second year compared with the first year. Carvacrol, γ-terpinene, thymol, and p-cymene were the major components in the essential oil. The results showed that the combined treatments of chem. fertilizers with animal manure and vermicompost are suitable treatments to increase the yield of different organs and essential oil yield in field conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Reference of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

α-Amino diphenyl phosphonates as novel inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP protease was written by Moreno-Cinos, Carlos;Sassetti, Elisa;Salado, Irene G.;Witt, Gesa;Benramdane, Siham;Reinhardt, Laura;Cruz, Cristina D.;Joossens, Jurgen;Van der Veken, Pieter;Brotz-Oesterhelt, Heike;Tammela, Paivi;Winterhalter, Mathias;Gribbon, Philip;Windshugel, Bjorn;Augustyns, Koen. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

Increased Gram-neg. bacteria resistance to antibiotics is becoming a global problem, and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are required. The caseinolytic protease subunit P (ClpP) is a serine protease conserved among bacteria that is considered as an interesting drug target. ClpP function is involved in protein turnover and homeostasis, stress response, and virulence among other processes. The focus of this study was to identify new inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP and to understand their mode of action. A focused library of serine protease inhibitors based on diaryl phosphonate warheads was tested for ClpP inhibition, and a chem. exploration around the hit compounds was conducted. Altogether, 14 new potent inhibitors of E. coli ClpP were identified. Compounds 85 and 92 emerged as most interesting compounds from this study due to their potency and, resp., to its moderate but consistent antibacterial properties as well as the favorable cytotoxicity profile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ruthenium-Catalyzed N-Alkylation for the Synthesis of 2-N-Pyridylmethyl Benzonitriles and an Exploration of Its Synthetic Utility was written by Chen, Mengmeng;Zhang, Min;Xie, Feng;Wang, Xiaoting;Jiang, Huanfeng. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2014.Reference of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

The N-alkylation of 2-aminobenzonitriles with pyridyl methanols as the alkylating reagents has been demonstrated by using an easily available Ru₃(CO)₁₂/Binap/tBuOK [Binap=2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl] catalyst system. The synthetic protocol can be used to synthesize various 2-N-pyridylmethyl benzonitriles I (R¹ = H, 6-Me, 4-Cl; R² = H, 4-Me, 4,5-(OMe)₂, etc.) in moderate to good isolated yields. Through an exploration of its synthetic utility, a novel straightforward synthesis of biol. interesting 2,3-diaryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,4]diazepin-5-ones is demonstrated, which provides an important basis for the discovery of new bioactive compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Reference of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel-catalyzed Thioester Transfer Reaction with sp²-Hybridized Electrophiles was written by Wu, Xiaopeng;Li, Jinhang;Xia, Siyu;Zhu, Chengjian;Xie, Jin. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Authors report a thioacylation transfer reaction based on nickel-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of thioesters with sp²-hybridized electrophiles. Aryl bromides, iodides, and alkenyl triflates can participate in thioester transfer reaction of aryl thioesters, affording a wide range of structurally diverse new thioesters in yields of up to 98% under mild reaction conditions. With this protocol, it is possible to construct alkenyl thioesters from the corresponding ketones through the generation of alkenyl triflates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5HPLC of Formula: 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of a Late-Stage Diversification Strategy for the 4- and 5-Positions of 4,5,6-Trisubstituted Indazoles was written by Barber, Joyann S.;Burtea, Alexander;Collins, Michael R.;Tran-Dube, Michelle;Patman, Ryan L.;Scales, Stephanie;Smith, Graham;Spangler, Jillian E.;Wang, Fen;Wang, Wei;Yang, Shouliang;Zhu, JinJiang;Montgomery, T. Patrick. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.SDS of cas: 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

Indazoles represent a privileged motif in drug discovery. However, the formation of highly substituted indazoles can require the execution of lengthy synthetic routes with minimal opportunities to introduce diversity. In this report, we disclose the development of a late-stage diversification strategy for the 4- and 5-positions of 4,5,6-trisubstituted indazoles. A regioselective C-H functionalization and subsequent nucleophilic aromatic substitution provide two sequential points of diversification. The synthetic sequence delivers rapid access to an array of 4,5,6-trisubstituted indazoles in only four steps from readily available starting materials. Materials processing safety is required when using DMSO in nucleophilic substitution reactions under basic conditions due to exothermic decomposition In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3SDS of cas: 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sweeteners from Different Lingonberry Jams Influence on Bioaccessibility of Vitamin C, Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Capacity under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion was written by Scrob, Teodora;Hosu, Anamaria;Cimpoiu, Claudia. And the article was included in Antioxidants in 2022.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Lingonberries are considered anot fully exploited major source of antioxidants. Their health benefits are closely linked to their bioavailability. Due to growing health concerns, consumers are looking for jams prepared with sweeteners other than white sugar, which could be a good alternative to meet their needs. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of sucrose, fructose, erythritol, brown sugar, coconut sugar, stevia and saccharine on the bioaccessibility of vitamin C, anthocyanins andthe antioxidant capacity of lingonberry jams under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The vitamin C, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS and FRAP assays were determined spectrophotometrically. Individual anthocyanins were determined by high performance liquid chromatog. All analyzed compounds were highly altered during gastrointestinal digestion and this effect was more visible in the case of the anthocyanins. Antioxidant capacity decreased after gastric digestion, but after the gastrointestinal step, radical scavenging capacity increased, while reducing power decreased. Vitamin C bioaccessibility was neg. affected by coconut sugar addition, while stevia addition showed a protective effect. Fructose and sucrose increased the total anthocyanin stability during the intestinal phase. Stevia, fructose and coconut sugar exhibited high protection of the antioxidant capacity of lingonberry jams during digestion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Inhibition of chemically and mechanically activated Piezo1 channels as a mechanism for ameliorating atherosclerosis with salvianolic acid B was written by Pan, Xianmei;Wan, Rentao;Wang, Yuman;Liu, Silin;He, Yu;Deng, Bo;Luo, Shangfei;Chen, Yuan;Wen, Lizhen;Hong, Tianying;Xu, Han;Bian, Yifei;Xia, Mingfeng;Li, Jing. And the article was included in British Journal of Pharmacology in 2022.Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is effective for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, the mol. mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels play important roles in vascular biol., although their pharmacol. properties are poorly defined. Here, we aimed to identify novel Piezo1 inhibitors and gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Intracellular Ca2+ ions were measured in HUVECs, murine liver endothelial cells (MLECs), THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell lines and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Isometric tensions in mouse thoracic aorta were recorded. Shear-stress assays with HUVECs were conducted. Patch-clamp recordings with mech. stimulation were performed with HUVECs in whole-cell mode. Foam cell formation was induced by treating BMDMs with oxidised LDL (oxLDL). Atherosclerotic plaque assays were performed with Ldlr-/- and Piezo1 genetically depleted mice on a high-fat diet. Salvianolic acid B inhibited Yoda1-induced Ca2+ influx in HUVECs and MLECs. Similar results were observed in macrophage cell lines and BMDMs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that salvianolic acid B inhibited Yoda1- and mech. activated currents. Salvianolic acid B suppressed Yoda1-induced aortic ring relaxation and inhibited HUVECs alignment in the direction of shear stress. Addnl., Yoda1 enhanced the formation of foam cells, which was reversed by salvianolic acid B. Salvianolic acid B also inhibited formation of atherosclerotic plaques and was insensitive to Piezo1 genetic depletion. Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the inhibitory role of salvianolic acid B against Piezo1 channels and improves our understanding of salvianolic acid B in preventing atherosclerotic lesions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in 2-propanol catalyzed by arsinooxazoline-ruthenium(II) complex was written by Tan, Duan-Ming;Chan, Kin Shing. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2005.Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Chiral arsinooxazoline Ru(II) complex was an efficient catalyst for asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in 2-propanol. Secondary alcs. with up to 94% enantiomeric excess were obtained at a substrate/catalyst mole ratio of 1000:1. Asym. kinetic resolution was also obtained with 1-arylalkanols at room temperature with 99% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts