Tag: 100-200

On December 25, 2021, Luo, Xue; Huang, Xueyan; Luo, Zhen; Wang, Zeze; He, Genlin; Tan, Yulong; Zhang, Boyi; Zhou, Huan; Li, Ping; Shen, Tingting; Yu, Xueting; Yang, Xuesen published an article.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid The title of the article was Electromagnetic field exposure-induced depression features could be alleviated by heat acclimation based on remodeling the gut microbiota. And the article contained the following:

Electromagnetic pollution cannot be ignored. Long-term low-dose electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure can cause central nervous system dysfunction without effective prevention. Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 wk, 17-20 g) were used in this study. Depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors detected by behavioral experiments were compared among different treatments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics were used to explore the relationship between EMF exposure and heat acclimation (HA) effects on gut microbes and serum metabolites. Both EMF and HA regulated the proportions of p_Firmicutes and p_Bacteroidota. EMF exposure caused the proportions of 6 kinds of bacteria, such as g_Butyricicoccus and g_Anaerotruncus, to change significantly (p < 0.05). HA restored the balance of gut microbes that was affected by EMF exposure and the proportion of probiotics (g_Lactobacillus) increased significantly (p < 0.01). Serum metabolite anal. suggested that HA alleviated the disturbance of serum metabolites (such as cholesterol and -mannose) induced by EMF exposure. Both the metabolic KEGG pathways and PICRUSt functional anal. demonstrated that tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis were involved. EMF exposure not only led to depression-like neurobehavioral disorders, but also to gut microbiota imbalance. HA alleviated the depression features caused by EMF exposure. Based on the anal. of gut microbiota associated with serum metabolites, we speculated that gut microbiota might play a vital role in the cross-tolerance provided by HA. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

The Article related to lactobacillus firmicutes depression electromagnetic field gut microbiota, cross-tolerance, depression, electromagnetic field, gut microbiota, heat acclimation, metabolomics analysis and other aspects.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

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On August 31, 2022, Ma, Xiaoyao; Bai, Yongping; Liu, Kaixin; Han, Yiman; Zhang, Jinling; Liu, Yuteng; Hou, Xiaotao; Hao, Erwei; Hou, Yuanyuan; Bai, Gang published an article.HPLC of Formula: 473-81-4 The title of the article was Ursolic acid inhibits the cholesterol biosynthesis and alleviates high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia via irreversible inhibition of HMGCS1 in vivo. And the article contained the following:

In hypercholesteremia, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are enhanced in serum, which is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic terpenoid carboxylic acid, was found to alleviate hypercholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia-induced cardiovascular disease. However, the specific targets and mol. mechanisms related to the effects of UA in reducing cholesterol have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to illustrate the target of UA in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and to reveal its underlying mol. mechanism. Nontargeted metabolomics was conducted to analyze the metabolites and related pathways that UA affected in vivo. The main lipid metabolism targets of UA were analyzed by target fishing and fluorescence colocalization in mouse liver. Mol. docking, in-gel fluorescence scan and thermal shift were assessed to further investigate the binding site of the UA metabolite with HMGCS1. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk to induce hypercholesteremia. Liver tissues were used to verify the cholesterol-lowering mol. mechanism of UA by targeted metabolomics, serum was used to detect biochem. indexes, and the entire aorta was used to analyze the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Our results showed that hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthetase 1 (HMGCS1) was the primary lipid metabolism target protein of UA. The UA metabolite epoxy-modified UA irreversibly bonds with the thiol of Cys-129 in HMGCS1, which inhibits the catalytic activity of HMGCS1 and reduces the generation of precursors in cholesterol biosynthesis in vivo. The contents of TC and LDL-C in serum and the formation of the atherosclerotic area in the entire aorta were markedly reduced with UA treatment in Diet-induced hypercholesteremia mice. UA inhibits the catalytic activity of HMGCS1, reduces the generation of downstream metabolites in the process of cholesterol biosynthesis and alleviates Diet-induced hypercholesteremia via irreversible binding with HMGCS1 in vivo. It is the first time to clarify the irreversible inhibition mechanism of UA against HMGCS1. This paper provides an increased understanding of UA, particularly regarding the mol. mechanism of the cholesterol-lowering effect, and demonstrates the potential of UA as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of hypercholesteremia. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).HPLC of Formula: 473-81-4

The Article related to ursolic acid anticholesteremic hmgcs1 cholesterol biosynthesis hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol biosynthesis, covalent binding, hmgcs1, hypercholesteremia, metabolite, ursolic acid and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 473-81-4

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Murugesan, Dinakaran; Kaiser, Marcel; White, Karen L.; Norval, Suzanne; Riley, Jennifer; Wyatt, Paul G.; Charman, Susan A.; Read, Kevin D.; Yeates, Clive; Gilbert, Ian H. published an article in 2013, the title of the article was Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Pyrrolone Antimalarial Agents.Related Products of 386704-04-7 And the article contains the following content:

Previously reported pyrrolones, such as TDR32570 (I), exhibited potential as antimalarial agents; however, while these compounds have potent antimalarial activity, they suffer from poor aqueous solubility and metabolic instability. Here, further structure-activity relationship studies are described that aimed to solve the developability issues associated with this series of compounds In particular, further modifications to the lead pyrrolone, involving replacement of a Ph ring with a piperidine and removal of a potentially metabolically labile ester by a scaffold hop, gave rise to derivatives with improved in vitro antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum K1, a chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant parasite strain, with some derivatives exhibiting good selectivity for parasite over mammalian (L6) cells. Three representative compounds were selected for evaluation in a rodent model of malaria infection, and the best compound showed improved ability to decrease parasitemia and a slight increase in survival. The experimental process involved the reaction of (6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanol(cas: 386704-04-7).Related Products of 386704-04-7

The Article related to pyrrolone piperidine containing preparation antimalarial structure activity relationship, plasmodium falciparum, antiprotozoal agents, malaria, pyrrolones, structure-activity relationships and other aspects.Related Products of 386704-04-7

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On August 8, 2013, Marson, Charles M.; Matthews, Christopher J.; Yiannaki, Elena; Atkinson, Stephen J.; Soden, Peter E.; Shukla, Lena; Lamadema, Nermina; Thomas, N. Shaun B. published an article.Recommanded Product: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH The title of the article was Discovery of Potent, Isoform-Selective Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase Containing Chiral Heterocyclic Capping Groups and a N-(2-Aminophenyl)benzamide Binding Unit. And the article contained the following:

The synthesis of a novel series of potent chiral inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is described that contain a heterocyclic capping group and a N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide unit that binds in the active site. In vitro assays for the inhibition of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3-NCoR1, and HDAC8 by the N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide I gave resp. IC50 values of 930, 85, 12, and 4100 nM, exhibiting class I selectivity and potent inhibition of HDAC3-NCoR1. Both imidazolinone and thiazoline rings are shown to be effective replacements for the pyrimidine ring present in many other 2-(aminophenyl)benzamides previously reported, an example of each ring system at 1 μM causing an increase in histone H3K9 acetylation in the human cell lines Jurkat and HeLa and an increase in cell death consistent with induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of the growth of MCF-7, A549, DU145, and HCT116 cell lines by I was observed, with resp. IC50 values of 5.4, 5.8, 6.4, and 2.2 mM. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Recommanded Product: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

The Article related to aminophenylbenzamide pyrimidine imidazolinone thiazoline capped preparation histone deacetylase inhibition, thiazoline capped hdac3 ncor1 inhibitor preparation antitumor activity apoptosis and other aspects.Recommanded Product: H-Phg(4-OH)-OH

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Liu, Yujia; Myojin, Takumi; Li, Kexin; Kurita, Ayuki; Seto, Masayuki; Motoyama, Ayano; Liu, Xiaoyang; Satoh, Ayano; Munemasa, Shintaro; Murata, Yoshiyuki; Nakamura, Toshiyuki; Nakamura, Yoshimasa published an article in 2022, the title of the article was A Major Intestinal Catabolite of Quercetin Glycosides, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Protects the Hepatocytes from the Acetaldehyde-Induced Cytotoxicity through the Enhancement of the Total Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity.Computed Properties of 621-37-4 And the article contains the following content:

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are the major enzyme superfamily for the aldehyde metabolism Since the ALDH polymorphism leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde, we considered that the enhancement of the liver ALDH activity by certain food ingredients could help prevent alc.-induced chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the modulating effects of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (OPAC), the major metabolite of quercetin glycosides, on the ALDH activity and acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity in the cultured cell models. OPAC significantly enhanced the total ALDH activity not only in mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells, but also in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. OPAC significantly increased not only the nuclear level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but also the AhR-dependent reporter gene expression, though not the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent one. The pretreatment of OPAC at the concentration required for the ALDH upregulation completely inhibited the acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity. Silencing AhR impaired the resistant effect of OPAC against acetaldehyde. These results strongly suggested that OPAC protects the cells from the acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity, mainly through the AhR-dependent and Nrf2-independent enhancement of the total ALDH activity. Our findings suggest that OPAC has a protective potential in hepatocyte models and could offer a new preventive possibility of quercetin glycosides for targeting alc.-induced chronic diseases. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Computed Properties of 621-37-4

The Article related to hepatocyte cytotoxicity 3hydroxyphenylacetic acid aldehyde dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, acetaldehyde, aldehyde dehydrogenase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, quercetin metabolites and other aspects.Computed Properties of 621-37-4

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Li, Zhou; Cheng, Bizhen; Liu, Wei; Feng, Guangyan; Zhao, Junming; Zhang, Liquan; Peng, Yan published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Global Metabolites Reprogramming Induced by Spermine Contributing to Salt Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass.Quality Control of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid And the article contains the following content:

Soil salinization has become a serious challenge to modern agriculture worldwide. The purpose of the study was to reveal salt tolerance induced by spermine (Spm) associated with alterations in water and redox homeostasis, photosynthetic performance, and global metabolites reprogramming based on analyses of physiol. responses and metabolomics in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants pretreated with or without 0.5 mM Spm were subjected to salt stress induced by NaCl for 25 days in controlled growth chambers. Results showed that a prolonged period of salt stress caused a great deal of sodium (Na) accumulation, water loss, photoinhibition, and oxidative damage to plants. However, exogenous application of Spm significantly improved endogenous spermidine (Spd) and Spm contents, followed by significant enhancement of osmotic adjustment (OA), photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity in leaves under salt stress. The Spm inhibited salt-induced Na accumulation but did not affect potassium (K) content. The anal. of metabolomics demonstrated that the Spm increased intermediate metabolites of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt (GABA, glutamic acid, and alanine) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (aconitic acid) under salt stress. In addition, the Spm also up-regulated the accumulation of multiple amino acids (glutamine, valine, isoleucine, methionine, serine, lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), sugars (mannose, fructose, sucrose-6-phosphate, tagatose, and cellobiose), organic acid (gallic acid), and other metabolites (glycerol) in response to salt stress. These metabolites played important roles in OA, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and antioxidant defense under salt stress. More importantly, the Spm enhanced GABA shunt and the TCA cycle for energy supply in leaves. Current findings provide new evidence about the regulatory roles of the Spm in alleviating salt damage to plants associated with global metabolites reprogramming and metabolic homeostasis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Quality Control of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid

The Article related to creeping bentgrass spermine salt tolerance metabolism metabolite reprogramming, antioxidant capacity, energy metabolism, ions homeostasis, metabolic pathway, osmotic adjustment, polyamines and other aspects.Quality Control of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid

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On June 30, 2022, Toushik, Sazzad Hossen; Park, Jun-Ha; Kim, Kyeongjun; Ashrafudoulla, Md.; Senakpon Isaie Ulrich, Mevo; Mizan, Furkanur Rahman Md.; Roy, Pantu Kumar; Shim, Won-Bo; Kim, Young-Mog; Park, Si Hong; Ha, Sang-Do published an article.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Antibiofilm efficacy of Leuconostoc mesenteroides J.27-derived postbiotic and food-grade essential oils against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli alone and in combination, and their application as a green preservative in the seafood industry. And the article contained the following:

Foodborne pathogen-mediated biofilms in food processing environments are severe threats to human lives. In the interest of human and environmental safety, natural substances with antimicrobial properties and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status are the futuristic disinfectants of the food industry. In this study, the efficacy of bioactive, soluble products (metabolic byproducts) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and plant-derived essential oils (EO) were investigated as biocidal agents. The postbiotic produced by kimchi-derived Leuconostoc mesenteroides J.27 isolate was analyzed for its metabolic components to reveal its antimicrobial potential against three pathogenic microorganisms (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Addnl., the efficacy of food-grade EO (eugenol and thymol, resp.) was also assessed in our study. Determination of the min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of postbiotic and EO against three tested pathogens revealed that the sub-MIC (0.5 MIC) of postbiotic and EO could efficiently inhibit the biofilm formation on both seafood (squid) and seafood-processing surfaces (rubber and low-d. polyethylene plastic). Moreover, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) anal. confirmed that the LAB J.27 isolate possesses bacteriocin- and enzyme-coding genes. The residual antibacterial activity of the produced postbiotic was maintained over a diverse pH range (pH 1-6) but was entirely abolished at neutral or higher pH values. However, the activity was unaffected by exposure to high temperatures (100 and 121 °C) and storage (30 days). Notably, the leakage of intracellular metabolites, damage to DNA, and the down-regulation of biofilm-associated gene expression in the pathogens increased significantly (p > 0.05) following the combination treatment of postbiotic with thymol compared to postbiotic with eugenol. Nonetheless, all in vitro results indicated the prospective use of combining Leu. mesenteroides J.27-derived postbiotic with both EO as a “green preservative” in the seafood industry to inhibit the formation of pathogenic microbial biofilms. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

The Article related to leuconostoc thymol postbiotic antibiofilm preservative pseudomonas escherichia vibrio seafood, bacterial biofilm, bio-preservative, foodborne pathogen, lactic acid bacteria, seafood safety and other aspects.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

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On December 31, 2020, Kim, Hanseol; Kim, Sinyeon; Kim, Dohyeon; Yoon, Sung Ho published an article.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid The title of the article was A single amino acid substitution in aromatic hydroxylase (HpaB) of Escherichia coli alters substrate specificity of the structural isomers of hydroxyphenylacetate. And the article contained the following:

A broad range of aromatic compounds can be degraded by enteric bacteria, and hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) degrading bacteria are the most widespread. Majority of Escherichia coli strains can use both the structural isomers of HPA, 3HPA and 4HPA, as the sole carbon source, which are catabolized by the same pathway whose associated enzymes are encoded by hpa gene cluster. Previously, we observed that E. coli B REL606 grew only on 4HPA, while E. coli B BL21(DE3) grew on 3HPA as well as 4HPA. In this study, we report that a single amino acid in 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (HpaB) of E. coli determines the substrate specificity of HPA isomers. Alignment of protein sequences encoded in hpa gene clusters of BL21(DE3) and REL606 showed that there was a difference of only one amino acid (position 379 in HpaB) between the two, viz., Arg in BL21(DE3) and Cys in REL606. REL606 cells expressing HpaB having Arg379 could grow on 3HPA, whereas those expressing HpaB with Gly379 or Ser379 could not. Structural anal. suggested that the amino acid residue at position 379 of HpaB is located not in the active site, but in the vicinity of the 4HPA binding site, and that it plays an important role in mediating the entrance and stable binding of substrates to the active site. The arginine residue at position 379 of HpaB is critical for 3HPA recognition. Information regarding the effect of amino acid residues on the substrate specificity of structural isomers can facilitate in designing hydoxylases with high catalytic efficiency and versatility. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

The Article related to escherichia coli aromatic hydroxylase hydroxyphenylacetate amino acid substitution, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase, hydroxyphenylacetic acid, structural isomer, substrate specificity and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

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On August 18, 2021, Huarte, Estibaliz; Serra, Gessica; Monteagudo-Mera, Andrea; Spencer, Jeremy; Cid, Concepcion; de Pena, Maria-Paz published an article.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid The title of the article was Raw and sous-vide-cooked red cardoon stalks (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC): (Poly)phenol bioaccessibility, anti-inflammatory activity in the gastrointestinal tract, and prebiotic activity. And the article contained the following:

The in vitro anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activity and the content and profile of bioaccessible (poly)phenols and catabolites of raw and sous-vide-cooked red cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) were investigated during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Raw cardoon after in vitro GI digestion had 0.7% bioaccessible (poly)phenols, which protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by counteracting IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 secretions in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Contrarily, GI-digested sous vide cardoon showed higher (poly)phenol bioaccessibility (59.8%) and exerted proinflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. (Poly)phenols were highly metabolized during the first 8 h of in vitro fermentation, and nine catabolites were produced during 48 h of fermentation Colonic-fermented raw and sous-vide-cooked cardoon did not show anti-inflammatory activity in HT-29 cells but presented potential prebiotic activity, comparable to the com. prebiotic FOS, by stimulating health-promoting bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. and by increasing the production of total SCFAs, especially acetate. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

The Article related to sous vide cooking cynara polyphenol bioaccessibility antiinflammatory digestibility prebiotic, (poly)phenols, cynara, cytokines, gastrointestinal digestion, gut microbiota, heat treatment and other aspects.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

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On June 30, 1994, Bazylak, Grzegorz published an article.Quality Control of 2,2′-(tert-Butylazanediyl)diethanol The title of the article was Chemometric characterization of alkanolamines using molecular descriptors and planar chromatography data. And the article contained the following:

Twenty nine congeneric alkanolamines, mainly derivatives of ethanolamine and diethanolamine, were analyzed by reversed phase TLC on octadecyl silica layers using either methanol – water (9 + 1, volume/volume) or acetonitrile-water (9 + 1, volume/volume) as mobile phase. The capacity factors were compared with data, taken from the literature, obtained by paper chromatog. on cellulose, using three different mobile phase systems. Seven topol. indexes and other mol. descriptors, reflecting structural differences between the solutes, were calculated All the data were subjected to principal component anal. and hierarchical cluster anal. to determine the main factors affecting the observed physicochem. similarities and dissimilarities of alkanolamines or their chromatog. behavior. Multivariate classification of the alkanolamines revealed slight differences between the results obtained by principal component anal. and hierarchical cluster anal. The usefulness of the calculated abstract principal component (which accounted for 99% of the variance in the data) as the independent variable in quant. structure-retention relations (QSRR) was examined to determine whether it could be used to predict alkanolamine retention in planar chromatog. systems. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,2′-(tert-Butylazanediyl)diethanol(cas: 2160-93-2).Quality Control of 2,2′-(tert-Butylazanediyl)diethanol

The Article related to chemometric characterization alkanolamine planar chromatog, alkanolamine planar chromatog retention structure relation, tlc reversed phase alkanolamine, thin layer chromatog alkanolamine and other aspects.Quality Control of 2,2′-(tert-Butylazanediyl)diethanol

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