Tag: 100-200

Volatile profile of elderberry juice: Effect of lactic acid fermentation using L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. casei strains was written by Ricci, Annalisa;Cirlini, Martina;Levante, Alessia;Dall’Asta, Chiara;Galaverna, Gianni;Lazzi, Camilla. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2018.Related Products of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study we explored, for the first time, the lactic acid fermentation of elderberry juice (EJ). A total of 15 strains isolated from dairy and plant matrixes, belonging to L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. casei, were used for fermentations The volatile profile of started and unstarted EJ was characterized by HS-SPME/GC-MS technique after 48 h of fermentation and 12 days of storage at 4 °C. All L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus strains exhibited a good capacity of growth while not all L. casei strains showed the same ability. The aromatic profile of fermented juices was characterized by the presence of 82 volatile compounds pertaining to different classes: alcs., terpenes and norisoprenoids, organic acids, ketones and esters. Elderberry juice fermented with L. plantarum strains showed an increase of total volatile compounds after 48 h while the juices fermented with L. rhamnosus and L. casei exhibited a larger increase after the storage. The highest concentration of total volatile compounds were observed in EJ fermented with L. plantarum 285 isolated from dairy product. Ketones increased in all fermented juices both after fermentation and storage and the most concentrated were acetoin and diacetyl. The organic acids were also affected by lactic acid fermentation and the most abundant acids detected in fermented juices were acetic acid and isovaleric acid. Hexanol, 3-hexen-1-ol (Z) and 2-hexen-1-ol (E) were pos. influenced during dairy lactic acid bacteria strains fermentation The most represented esters were Et acetate, Me isovalerate, isoamyl isovalerate and Me salicylate, all correlated with fruit notes. Among terpenes and norisoprenoids, β-damascenone resulted the main representative with its typical note of elderberry. Furthermore, coupling obtained data with multivariate statistical analyses, as Principal Component Anal. (PCA) and Classification Trees (CT), it was possible to relate the characteristic volatile profile of samples with the different species and strains applied in this study. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Related Products of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Restricted Ion Transport by Plasticizing Side Chains in Polycarbonate-Based Solid Electrolytes was written by Ebadi, Mahsa;Eriksson, Therese;Mandal, Prithwiraj;Costa, Luciano T.;Araujo, C. Moyses;Mindemark, Jonas;Brandell, Daniel. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020.Related Products of 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Increasing the ionic conductivity has for decades been an overriding goal in the development of solid polymer electrolytes. According to fundamental theories on ion transport mechanisms in polymers, the ionic conductivity is strongly correlated to free volume and segmental mobility of the polymer for the conventional transport processes. Therefore, incorporating plasticizing side chains onto the main chain of the polymer host often appears as a clear-cut strategy to improve the ionic conductivity of the system through lowering of the glass transition temperature (T_g). This intended correlation between T_g and ionic conductivity is, however, not consistently observed in practice. The aim of this study is therefore to elucidate this interplay between segmental mobility and polymer structure in polymer electrolyte systems comprising plasticizing side chains. To this end, we utilize the synthetic versatility of the ion-conductive poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) platform. Two types of host polymers with side chains added to a PTMC backbone are employed, and the resulting electrolytes are investigated together with the side chain-free analog both by experiment and with mol. dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that while added side chains do indeed lead to a lower T_g, the total ionic conductivity is highest in the host matrix without side chains. It was seen in the MD simulations that while side chains promote ionic mobility associated with the polymer chain, the more efficient interchain hopping transport mechanism occurs with a higher probability in the system without side chains. This is connected to a significantly higher solvation site diversity for the Li⁺ ions in the side-chain-free system, providing better conduction paths. These results strongly indicate that the side chains in fact restrict the mobility of the Li⁺ ions in the polymer hosts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Related Products of 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volatilomics for halal and non-halal meatball authentication using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Pranata, Agy Wirabudi;Yuliana, Nancy Dewi;Amalia, Lia;Darmawan, Noviyan. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The adulteration of beef meatballs with wild boar (Sus scrova) meat or chicken may be undertaken for economic reasons. This adulteration is a very sensitive issue, particularly for Muslim consumers, as the consumption of wild boar is strictly prohibited by Islamic law. This study aimed to discriminate volatile compounds in meatballs made from beef, chicken, and wild boar and mixtures thereof using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and multivariate data anal. SPME is a non-destructive method for the extraction of volatile compounds and does not alter the original chem. composition of the volatiles. A validated partial least squares discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) model with three classes was used to uncover the discriminating volatiles of each type of meatball. The results indicated that β-cymene, 3-methyl-butanal, and 2-pentanol were among the pos. discriminating volatiles with the highest variable importance in projection (VIP) values among the chicken meatballs. The highest VIP pos. discriminating volatiles in the beef meatballs were 5-ethyl-m-xylene, benzaldehyde, and 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene. The mixed meatballs exhibited an interesting profile, with all appearing in the same group as the pure wild boar meatballs. However, the discriminating volatiles derived from a sep. PLS-DA model indicated that they contained different compounds In the pure wild boar meatballs, six compounds (pentanal, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone, 1-undecanol, cyclobutanol, 2,4,5-trimethyl-thiazole, and 5-ethyl-3-(3-methyl-5-Ph pyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine) were identified as discriminating volatile compounds with the highest VIP values. These compounds were consistently found as significant discriminating volatile compounds in mixture meatballs group although with different VIP value. This research demonstrated that SPME-GC/MS combined with multivariate data anal. was a fast and reliable method for differentiating meatballs made from beef, chicken, and wild boar meat based on their volatile compound contents. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Reference of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparison of different edible parts of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) flavor was written by Xiao, Naiyong;Huang, Haiyuan;Liu, Junya;Jiang, Xin;Chen, Qin;Chen, Qing;Shi, Wenzheng. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The study aims to obtain the information on taste and odor among different edible parts (white dorsal meat, white abdomen meat, white tail meat, and dark meat) of bighead carp. The results showed that the white dorsal meat and white abdomen meat had the higher content of total amino acids among all edible parts of bighead carp samples. The highest inosine monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate content presented in white abdomen meat, and the highest equivalent umami concentration value presented in dark meat. The principal component anal. result of electronic tongue and electronic nose showed significant differences in the overall taste and odor characteristics among four group samples. Addnl., 41, 30, 42, and 29 volatile compounds were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry among white dorsal meat, white abdomen meat, white tail meat, and dark meat of bighead carp, resp. Based on the data of relative olfactory activity value (ROAV ≥ 1), 12 relative olfactory activity compounds may mainly contribute to the overall odor of bighead carp, including 2-methylbutanal, hexanal, heptanal, (E)-2-octenal, nonanal, dodecanal, undecanal, decanal, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (Z)-2-octen-1-ol, and eucalyptol. Furthermore, according to the Partial Least Squares Discriminant Anal. profile derived from the ROAV of 12 characteristic volatile compounds, significant variations in the odor of different edible parts of bighead carp. Overall, there was a significant difference in taste and odor among different edible parts of bighead carp, and this study may provide useful information for unraveling the flavor characteristics of each edible part of raw bighead carp. The comprehensive information on taste and odor among different edible parts (white dorsal meat, white abdomen meat, white tail meat, and dark meat) of bighead carp were obtained using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry, automatic amino acid analyzer, electronic tongue (E-tongue), headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), and electronic nose (E-tongue), resp. This study may provide useful information for unraveling the flavor characteristics of each edible part of raw bighead carp and improving the flavor of bighead carp products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4HPLC of Formula: 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profiling of Rhazya stricta root extracts was written by Mahmood, Rashid;Kayani, Waqas Khan;Ahmed, Tanveer;Malik, Farnaz;Hussain, Shahzad;Ashfaq, Muhammad;Ali, Hussain;Rubnawaz, Samina;Green, Brian D.;Calderwood, Danielle;Kenny, Owen;Rivera, Gerardo A.;Mirza, Bushra;Rasheed, Faiza. And the article was included in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies in 2020.Computed Properties of C9H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that may occur due to genetic, environmental or lifestyle factors. Natural remedies have been used to treat diabetes since long and many antidiabetic compounds of varied efficacies have been isolated from medicinal plants. Rhazya stricta has been used for decades for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and associated ailments. Considering the folkloric use of R. stricta against diabetes, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of its root extracts against diabetes through in vitro assays and in vivo studies using animal model along with phytochem. profiling through GCMS. Various fractions of Rhazya stricta obtained through column chromatog. were evaluated for a variety of assays including α-glucosidase, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), β-secretase and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion studies. For the in vivo studies the alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with root extracts and blood glucose levels, HbA1C, and other biochem. markers along with the histol. study of the liver were done. The phytochem. identification was performed using an Agilent 7890B GC coupled to a 7010 Triple Quadrupole (MS/MS) system. GraphPad Prism software version 5.01 was used for statistical anal. Majority of the extract fractions showed excellent results against diabetes by inhibiting enzymes DPP-IV (Up to 61%) and β-secretase (Up to 83%) with IC₅₀s 979 μg/mL and 169 μg/mL resp. with increase in the GLP1 secretion. The results of in vivo studies indicated a marked reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c levels along with pos. effects on other parameters like lipid profile, liver functions and renal functions of extract-treated mice as compared to control. The histol. examination of the liver demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against diabetes led changes and various classes of phytochems. were also identified through GCMS in different fractions. The results revealed strong antidiabetic activity of R. stricta root with the potential to protect body organs against diabetic changes. Moreover, a variety of phytochems. has also been identified through GCMS that might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential of Rhazya stricta root. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Computed Properties of C9H20O2).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Computed Properties of C9H20O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

O-Alkyl substituted hydroxycarbamates was written by Major, Randolph T.;Dursch, Friedrich;Hess, Hans Jurgen. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1959.Computed Properties of C9H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Some O-alkyl substituted hydroxylamine derivatives possess pharmacol. properties similar to those of related amines. HONHCO₂Et (I), the related compound MeONHCSOEt (II) and various 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-propanediol bis(alkoxyalkylcarbamates), RR¹C(CHOCONR²OR³)₂ (III) were prepared Finely powd. HONH₂.HCl(195 g.) and anhydrous K₂CO₃ (380 g.) stirred in 1500 mL. Et₂O with addition of 20 mL. H₂O, the cooled (ice bath) mixture stirred 1 h. with gradual addition of 300 g. ClCO₂Et (immediate evolution of CO₂) and then overnight at room temperature, the filtered solution evaporated in a slight vacuum and the residue distilled through a 15-cm. Vigreux column in vacuo yielded 66% I, b₃ 113-16°, giving a deep purple color with aqueous FeCl₃. ClCH₂CO₂H (39 g.) slowly neutralized with 17 g. NaOH in 180 mL. ice-cold H₂O and the solution added to 0.30 mol aqueous EtOCS₂Na, the mixture kept overnight and concentrated to 150 mL. in vacuo on a steam bath, the cooled concentrate treated with 21 g. MeONH₂ and the mixture kept overnight, neutralized with AcOH and extracted with Et₂O, the dried (Na₂SO₄) extract evaporated at room temperature and the residual solid (37 g.) recrystallized (petr. ether, b. 30-60°) yielded 66% II, m. 33-6°. Freshly distilled COCl₂ (16.0 g.) in 400 mL. dry PhMe slowly added to 220 g. 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolone and 70 g. Me₂C(CH₂OH)₂ in 50 mL. CHCl₃ at – 10 to 0° (ice-NaCl bath) and the mixture stirred overnight at room temperature, filtered from antipyrine-HCl (almost quant. yield) and the salt washed with Et₂O, the combined filtrates evaporated in vacuo and the yellow oily residue distilled yielded 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol bis(chloroformate), RR¹C(CH₂OCOCl)₂ (IV, R = R¹ = Me) (V). Similarly were prepared the analogous IV (R, R¹, b.p./mm., and % yield given): Me, Me, 122-5°/17, 56; Et, Et (VI), 153-5°/24, 64; Et, Bu, 165-8°/20, 60. MeONHMe (3.0 g.) and 5.0 g. powd. anhydrous K₂CO₃ stirred in 30 mL. absolute Et₂O (ice-cooling) with gradual addition of 5.0 g. V (slow evolution of CO₂), and the mixture stirred 24 h. at room temperature, the Et₂O evaporated and the residue taken up in 25 mL. H₂O, extracted with Et₂O and the oily product distilled yielded 86% III (R = R¹ = R² = R³ = Me) (method A). VI (25.7 g.) in 150 mL. absolute Et₂O treated dropwise with 30.5 g. MeON HMe with shaking and cooling, the mixture kept overnight at room temperature and filtered from MeONHMe.HCl, the washed (25 mL. H₂O) and dried (Na₂SO₄) filtrate evaporated and the oily residue distilled yielded 60% III (R = R¹ = Et, R² = R³ = Me) (method B). Similarly were prepared the carbamates III (R, R¹, R², R³, method and b.p./mm. given): Me, Me, Me, Me (VII), A, 183-4°/20; Me, Me, H, Me (VIII), A, 194-5°/1.0; Me, Me, Et, Et (IX), B, 136-8°/0.15; Me, Me, H, Et (X), B, 175-80°/0.5; Et, Et, Me, Me (XI), B, 163-5°/0.3; Et, Et, Et, Et, B, 133.8°/0.1; Et, Bu, Me, Me (XII), B, 166-9°/0.3; Et, Bu, Et, Et, B, 142.8°/0.2. None of the compounds I, MeONHCO₂Et, EtONHCO₂Et (XIII), II, VIII, X, and XII inhibited Sarcoma 180 in vivo at non-toxic doses. XIII showed little effect in mice (i.p. in Mazola oil) in doses below the toxic level of 441 mg./kg. but EtONEtCO₂Et (XIV) produced depression at or near the lethal level of 1069 mg./kg. XIV (1% suspension in tragacanth) abolished the corneal reflex 18 min. on instillation into the rabbit eye. VIII-XII were inactive in tests designed to test their activity in mice similar to that produced by meprobamate. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Computed Properties of C9H20O2).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C9H20O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The preparation of N-substituted 1,3-propanediol dicarbamates was written by Schneider, G.;Halmos, M.;Meszaros, P.;Kovaes, O.. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1963.SDS of cas: 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

As part of a study of 1,3-diols, a number of substituted 1,3-propanediol dicarbamates was prepared The 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamates rand the sym. N,N’-di- (I) or N,N,N’,N’-tetrasubstituted (II) derivatives were obtained by treating the corresponding dichlorides with aqueous NH₃ or dry alkylamine. A typical preparation of I involved treatment of a solution of 1 mole of diol in 500 cc. absolute C₆H₆ with COCl₂ at 0-5°, followed by reaction with concentrated NH₃. After separation of the aqueous phase, the C₆H₆ solution was washed with H₂O, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to yield a solid product. By this method were prepared the following I, RR¹C(CH₂O₂CNH₂)₂ (R,R¹,and m.p. given): Me, Me, 152°; Et, Et, 158°; Me, Pr, 99-100°; Et, Bu, 118°. The preparation of II was carried out in a manner analogous to that of I, except that the reaction with COCl₂ was carried out in the presence of R₂NH. The mixture was kept 1 day at room temperature, the amine hydrochloride was removed, and gaseous alkylamine passed into the dichloride solution at 5°. After removal of the amine hydrochloride, II was isolated as described above. In this manner were prepared the following II, RR¹C(CH₂O₂CNR²R³)₂ (R, R¹, R², R³, and m.p. or n²⁵_D given): Me, Me, Me, H, 39-40°; Et, Et, Me, H, 85-6°; Me, Pr, Me, H, 1.4872; Et, Bu, Me, H, 1.4686; Me, Me, Me, Me, 14562; Et, Et, Me, Me, 30-2°; Me, Pr, Me, Me, 1.4596; Et, Bu, Me, Me, 1.4661; Me, Me, iso-Pr, H, 92-3°; Et, Et, iso-Pr, H, 44-5°, Me, Pr, iso-Pr, H, 68-9°; Et, Bu, iso-Pr, H, 1.4627. N-Monoalkyl and mixed N,N’-dialkyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamates (III) were obtained from the appropriate monocarbamates (IV). The latter were frequently prepared by reaction of 1.5 moles of the corresponding cyclic carbonate with 2 moles of liquid alkylamine for 6 hrs. at 80° in an autoclave. The cooled reaction mixture was dissolved in C₆H₆, the C₆H₆ and excess amine removed, and IV isolated. By this method were prepared the following IV, RR¹C(CH₂OH)CH₂O₂CNR²R³ (R, R¹, R², R³, and m.p. or n²⁵_D given): Me, Me, iso-Pr, H, 58-60°, Et, Et, iso-Pr, H, 53°; Me, Pr, iso-Pr, H, 1.4594; Et, Bu, iso-Pr, H, 1.4540; Me, Pr, Bu, H, 1.4547. V, n²⁵5_D 1.4480, was prepared in 95% yield by reaction of the corresponding diol with diethyl carbonate and Na at 90°; use of a large amount of Na avoided formation of polymers. The N-monoalkyl-2,2-dialkyl-1-3-propanediol dicarbamates were prepared by treatment of a C₆H₆ solution of 1 mole IV with 1 mole COCl₂, followed by reaction with aqueous NH₃. The mixed N,N-dialkyl derivatives of III were prepared similarly, except that the reaction with COCl₂ was carried out in the presence of 1 mole R₂NH. The remainder of this procedure was similar to that described for the preparation of II. By this method were prepared the following RR¹C(CH₂O₂CNR²Ra³CH₂O₂CNR⁴Rp5 (R, R1, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵,and m.p. or n²⁵_D given): Me, Me, iso-Pr, H, H, H, 118-20°; Et, Et, iso-Pr, H, H, H, 88-90°; Me, Pr, iso-Pr, H, H, H, 91-3°; Et, Bu, iso-Pr, H, H, H, 74-6°; Me, Me, iso-Pr, H, Me, H, 75°; Et, Et, iso-Pr, H, Me, H, 63-5°; Me, Pr, iso-Pr, H, Me, H, 76-8°; Et, Bu, iso-Pr, H, Me, H, 34-5°; Me, Me, iso-Pr, H, Me, Me, 43°; Et, Et, iso-Pr, H, Me, Me, 48-50°; Me, Pr, iso-Pr, H, Me, Me, 1.4560; Et, Bu, iso-Pr, H, Me, Me, 1.4587; Me, Pr, Bu, H, H, H, 1.4603; Me, Pr, Bu, H, Me, H, 1.4594; Me, Pr, Bu, H, Me, Me, 1.4612. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4SDS of cas: 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of some cyclopropane and spiran hydrocarbons was written by Shortridge, R. W.;Craig, R. A.;Greenlee, K. W.;Derfer, J. M.;Boord, C. E.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1948.Application In Synthesis of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Details are given of the preparation from Me₂CHCHO and HCHO of 76% Me₂C(CH₂OH)₂ which with PBr₃ yields 46% Me₂C(CH₂Br)₂, b₉ 68°, n²_D 1.5050, d²⁰₄ 1.6934 (all n and d. are at 20°). A mixture 1900 ml. 95% EtOH, 90 ml. H₂O, and 628 g. Zn dust, brought to gentle reflux and treated dropwise with 562 g. Me₂C(CH₂Br)₂, with heating and stirring 24 hrs., gives 162 g. 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane, b₇₆₀ 19.9°, f.p. -108.4 to -107.3°. MeEtCHCH₂CHO gives 91% 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, b₁₃ 131°, m. 61-1.6°; PBr₃ yields 40% 1,3-dibromo-2,2-diethylpropane, b₁₀ 97°, m. 39.2-40.6°; this gives 92% 1,1-diethylcyclopropane (I), b₇₆₀ 88.67°, f.p. -105.91°, n 0.7318, d. 1.4042. EtPrCHCH₂CHO yields 70% 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, b₁₀ 152°, m. 41.4-1.9°; PBr₃ gives about 47% 1,3-dibromo-2-ethyl-2-butylpropane, b₁₆ 133°, d. 1.4400, n 1.5018; this yields 94% 1-ethyl-1-butylcyclopropane, b₇₆₀ 140.41°, f.p. -102.68°, d. 0.7559, n 1.4183. Five mols. each of (CH:CH₂)₂ and CH₂:CHCHO and 5 g. hydroquinone, heated to 130° (temperature rise to 185°), give 74% 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, b₇₆₀ 164°, f.p. -96.1°, d. 0.9709, n 1.4725; this yields 84% 4,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexene, b₃ 128°, m. 92°, giving on catalytic reduction in MeOH over Raney Ni at 45° and 1000 lb./sq. in. 1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, which yields 27% 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohexane, b₆ 117°, d. 1.6302, n 1.5390; cyclization yields 91% spiro[2.5]octane (II), b₇₆₀ 125.5°, f.p. -86.2°, d. 0.8282, n 1.4476. (CH:CH₂)₂ and MeCH:CHCHO give 46% 6-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, b₆₄ 99°, b₇₆₀ 117.8°, d. 0.9500, n 1.4680; this yields 4,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylcyclohexene, b₆ 134°, m. 45°. 1,1-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylcyclohexane (m. 77°, 51%) yields 28% 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)-2-methylcyclohexane, b₄ 115°, n 1.5380; cyclization yields 89% 4-methylspiro[2.5]octane (III), b₇₆₀ 149°, f.p. -53.6°, d. 0.8386, n 1.4529. I, hydrogenated over Raney Ni at 180° and 2000 lb./sq. in., gives 80% Me₂CEt₂; at 155° and 1900 lb./sq. in., II over Raney Ni gives 91% 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane; III gives 1,1,2-trimethylcyclohexane, b₇₆₀ 145.2°, f.p. -29.2°, d. 0.7986, n 1.4385. When a gem-dialkylcyclopropane or a spirane containing a cyclopropane ring is hydrogenated under the above conditions, rupture of the cyclopropane ring occurs almost exclusively at the bond opposite the gem-disubstituted C atom. Thus, hydrogenation under controlled conditions can provide an easy, reliable method for proving the structure of these types of compounds and in some cases it may prove to be a good preparative reaction for synthesizing gem-dimethylcycloalkanes with rings containing more than 3 C atoms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Application In Synthesis of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

Referemce:
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Some anticonvulsant agents derived from 1,3-propanediols was written by Ludwig, B. J.;Piech, E. C.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1951.Quality Control of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mono- and dicarbamate esters of 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-propanediols were prepared for evaluation as anticonvulsants. Preparation of 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-propanediol dicarbamates. General method: COCl₂ (20 g.) in 200 cc. PhMe at -10° treated with a cooled solution of 13.2 g. (HOCH₂)₂CEt₂ and 38 g. antipyrine in 100 cc. CHCl₃ (temperature kept at -5 to 0°), the mixture let stand overnight at room temperature, filtered, the filtrate treated with NH₃ (moderate cooling), the amide filtered off, extracted with 250 cc. cold water, and recrystallized from water yielded 17.5 g. di-Et compound (I). The PhMe-CHCl₃ filtrate concentrated and the residue distilled in vacuo yielded 75% 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol bis(chlorocarbonate), b_4.5 108°, n_D²⁵ 1.4628. For the compounds RR’C(CH₂OCONH₂)₂, R, R’, yield (%), and m.p. (all m.ps. uncorrected) are: Me, Me, 82, 151.5-2.5°; Et, Me, 65, 135-6°; Me, Pr, 90, 105-6°; Me, iso-Pr, 61, 99-100°; Et, Et, 80, 149-50°; Et, Bu, 63, 117-18°; Et, Ph, 70, 119-20°; Pr, Pr, 87, 152-3°; RR’ = (CH₂)₅, 60, 112-13°. N-Substituted-2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamates were prepared by the same procedure (R, yield (%), and m.p. given): Me, 56, 85-6°; Ph, 67, 135.5-6.5°; Ac, 65, 123-4°; PhCH₂CO₂, 20, 204-5°; Et, 50,-[bis(diethylamino) derivative b₅ 130-2°, n_D²⁵ 1.4569]. The following method yielded cyclic carbonate derivatives: a cooled 10% solution of 0.1 mole of COCl₂ in PhMe added to 13.2 g. I and 0.2 mole antipyrine in a min. of CHCl₃ (temperature held at 25°), the mixture held at 25° overnight, filtered, the filtrate concentrated, the residue dissolved in Et₂O, the Et₂O solution extracted with water, and the Et₂O evaporated yielded 10.5 g. 5,5-diethyl-2-m-dioxanone, b₂ 131-2°, m. 45-6° (from C₆H₆-petr. ether). For other 5,5-disubstituted-2-m-dioxanones, R, R’, yield (%), and m.p. are: Me, Me, 60, 110-11°; Me, Pr, 74, b_0.25 95-104°, n_D²⁵ 1.4550; Et, Et, 66, 45-6°; Et, Bu, 80, b₁ 125-30°, n_D²⁵ 1.4638; Et, Ph, 85, 99.5-100.5°. A 5,5-disubstituted-2-m-dioxanone (5 g.) in a stainless-steel pressure bomb cooled in Dry Ice, 7.5 cc. NH₃ added, the vessel closed and shaken 48 hrs. at room temperature, and the NH₃ evaporated yielded 2,2-disubstituted-3-hydroxypropyl carbamates, HOCH₂CRR’CH₂OCONH₂ (R, R’, yield (%), and m.p. given): Me, Me, 53, 60-1°; Me, Pr, 60, 61.5-2.5°; Et, Et, 75, 75-6°; (N-Me derivative, n_D²⁵ 1.4640, b_0.5 110-16°; N,N-di-Et derivative, n_D²⁵ 1.4587, b_0.5 104-8°); Et, Bu, 73, 66.5-7.5°; Et, Ph, 69, 89-90°. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Quality Control of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

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Determining the repellency of solid chemicals to mosquitoes was written by Linduska, J. P.;Morton, F. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Economic Entomology in 1947.Safety of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Although difficult to apply and retain on the skin, most solid substances have lower vapor pressure and lower rate of absorption by the skin than liquids. These characteristics appear to make solids a fertile field for study as repellents for mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects. Solids were tested against adult mosquitoes by impregnating mercerized cotton stocking fabric with 3.3 g. solid per sq. ft. of fabric, slipping the impregnated fabric over the arm, and exposing the covered arm to caged mosquitoes for 2 min. daily until a total of 5 bites was recorded. The primary test mosquito was A edes aegypti; a less sensitive species to repellents, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, was also used. Dimethyl phthalate, which gives 30 days’ protection against A. aegypti at 3.3 g. per sq. ft., was used as a standard for comparison. Chemicals allowing fewer than 5 bites in 10 days were considered worthy of further study. Of 1339 solids tested, 9% were selected on the basis of this test for addnl. study. They were then considered from the viewpoints of toxicity (to human subjects), skin irritation, pronounced odor, and staining properties. Materials that passed these tests were subjected to more definite examination with respect to suitability for skin application, resistance to removal from cloth by cool-water rinsing, efficiency at reduced rates of impregnation in cloth, and irritation to human subjects. Solids that were repellent when impregnated in cloth were tested as repellents on the human skin as solutions in dimethyl phthalate, as aqueous suspensions, or both. The testing procedure of Granett (C.A. 34, 7035.1) was used. Solids that were highly effective skin repellents (protected longer than dimethylphthalate) were: n-butyl sulfone; p-methoxyacetophenone; 8-hydroxyquinoline; piperonal; α,α-β-trichloropropionamide; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol; N,n-propylacetanilide; propiophenone oxime. Solids impregnated in cloth that were repellent after rinsing in tap water at 28.9-29.4° for 30 min. were: o-phenylphenol; p-tert-butylphenol; hexachlorophenol; 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (I); a mixture of chlorinated phenols; dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol (II); phenylcyclohexanol. II and I were best in the order given. Materials that provided more than 10 days’ protection when impregnated in cloth at 3.3 g. per sq. ft. were tested at half this dosage against A. aegyptii. The materials that passed this test were: o-phenylphenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 2,4-dinitro-o-cresol; p-nitroanisole; 2-isovaleryl-1,3-indandione (Valone); dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol; piperonal; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol; N-ethylacetanilide; N,n-propylacetanilide; 1-benzylcyclohexanol; 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-butanol; N-methylpropionanilide; 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decane-4,7-diol. 2-Ethylhexane-1,3-diol (Rutgers 612) and dimethyl phthalate, used as standards, also passed these tests. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Safety of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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