Tag: 100-200

GC-analysis, and Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Some Extracts and Fractions of Linum usitatissimum was written by Morsi, Eman A.;Ahmed, Hend O.;Abdel-Hady, Heba;El-Sayed, Mortada;Shemis, Mohamed A.. And the article was included in Current Bioactive Compounds in 2020.SDS of cas: 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Linum usitatissimum (Linn); known as Flaxseed, is one of the most important medicinal plants traditionally used for health benefits and also as nutritional purposes. Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities have been performed on hexane, Et acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts and also on fractions of methanol extract (hexane, Et acetate, and n-butanol). Phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were estimated in-vitro. Anticancer activity of extracts was tested on Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). The methanolic extract and its Et acetate fraction showed higher contents of total phenols and flavonoids. Also, the methanolic extract showed a higher antioxidant activity. The butanolic and Et acetate fractions at concentration 500μg/mL yielded a higher percent of inhibition of protein denaturation; 87.9% and 90%, resp. The Et acetate fraction and the methanolic extract showed an obvious anticancer activity against HepG2 and MCF7 (IC₅₀ = 60±0.24 and 29.4±0.12μg. ml^-1) and (IC₅₀ = 94.7±0.21 and 227±0.48μg. ml^-1), resp. The GC-MS anal. showed that the methanolic extract had 32 compounds whereas the Et acetate and butanol fractions contained 40 and 36 compounds, resp. Flaxseed contains different biol. active compounds that have been found to possess various activities, which can protect the human body against several diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8SDS of cas: 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Inhibition of acid undercutting of inorganic/organic hybrid polyurethane coatings was written by He, Zhouying;Li, Ximing;Soucek, Mark D.;Castaneda, Homero. And the article was included in Progress in Organic Coatings in 2019.Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study investigated the corrosion resistance of inorganic/organic hybrid polyurethane based coatings by using a mixture of sol-gel precursors. Four sol-gel precursor, tetra-Et orthosilicate (TEOS), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIP), and zirconium(IV) propoxide (ZRP), were utilized in this study. Salt spray, acid undercutting, and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted to study the anticorrosion behavior of the coatings. Generally, samples based on mixed sol-gel precursors exhibited better protection compared to the urethane coating without sol-gel precursors or the coating with only TEOS as the single sol-gel precursor. In acid undercutting experiments, mixed sol-gel precursor samples provided the best results compared to the control and TEOS-based samples. Comparison of parameters extracted by EIS describing water uptake indicates mixed sol-gel precursor composition had the best anticorrosion performance, which was consistent with acid undercutting results. The impedance of the hybrid coatings, at the order of 1010 Ω cm² at 0.01 Hz, were ca. 3 orders higher than the control sample. Coating capacitance for all the hybrid coatings were stable throughout the immersion time while that for the control sample had a significant change after short time. The water uptake for the control sample was close to 2.5% while that for all the hybrid coatings were about or lower than 0.5%. Morphol. from SEM revealed that the organic inorganic sample with TEOS/TIP/ZRP mixed precursors maintained the coating integrity while higher porosity was developed in the control sample. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A multi-location peak parking approach for calculation of second dimensional retention indices for improved volatile compound identification with cryogen-free comprehensive heart-cut two-dimensional gas chromatography was written by Janta, Pannipa;Pinyo, Duangkamol;Yodta, Yamonporn;Vasasiri, Porames;Weidenbach, Meinolf;Pursch, Matthias;Yang, Xiuhan;Kulsing, Chadin. And the article was included in Analytical Methods in 2021.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Comprehensive heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatog. (CH/C MDGC) without a cryogenic trapping device was developed with an established approach for calculation of first and second dimensional retention indexes (1I and 2I) for improved compound identification. A first dimensional (1D) DB-1MS column (60 m) and a second dimensional (2D) DB-WAX column (60 m) were applied with a Deans switch (DS) using a constant H/C window of 0.2 min and a periodic multiple heartcut strategy comprising 225H/C throughout the CH/C. 1I was calculated based on comparison of the middle of the heartcut time with the alkane retention times on the 1D column. A multi-location peak parking approach using sixteen sets of automated injections of alkane references was also established with the least square curve fitting method for construction of the alkane isovolatility curves which were applied for 2I calculation The untargeted compound anal. of a perfume sample was then performed according to comparison with the libraries of mass spectra, 1I and 2I. The CH/C MDGC system with a 25 h anal. time showed a peak capacity (nc) of 9198 and 128 separated peaks with 71 compounds successfully identified according to MS, 1I and 2I library match under the established error approximation criteria. Furthermore, relationship between the anal. time and number of separated peaks was proposed based on the set of 84 identifiable compounds With the compensation of lower separation performance and greater I errors, the anal. time could be reduced by applying a 2.5 min H/C window with a total anal. time of 2 h and nc of 1134. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Complementary untargeted and targeted metabolomics for differentiation of extra virgin olive oils of different origin of purchase based on volatile and phenolic composition and sensory quality was written by Ros, Alessio Da;Masuero, Domenico;Riccadonna, Samantha;Bubola, Karolina Brkic;Mulinacci, Nadia;Mattivi, Fulvio;Lukic, Igor;Vrhovsek, Urska. And the article was included in Molecules in 2019.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In order to differentiate the extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) of different origin of purchase, such as monovarietal Italian EVOO with protected denomination of origin (PDO) and com.-blended EVOO purchased in supermarkets, a number of samples was subjected to the anal. of volatile aroma compounds by both targeted gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and untargeted profiling by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS), anal. of phenols by targeted high-performance liquid chromatog./mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS), and quant. descriptive sensory anal. Monovarietal PDO EVOOs were characterized by notably higher amounts of pos. LOX-derived C6 and C5 volatile compounds, which corresponded to the higher intensities of all the assessed pos. fruity and green odor sensory attributes. Com.-blended EVOOs had larger quantities of generally undesirable esters, alcs., acids, and aldehydes, which coincided with the occurrence of sensory defects in many samples. Many minor volatile compounds that were identified by GC×GC-TOF-MS were found to differentiate each of the two investigated groups. The differences between the groups with respect to phenols and taste characteristics were evident, but less pronounced. The results that were obtained in this study have undoubtedly confirmed the existence of the large heterogeneity of oils that are sold declared as EVOO. It was shown that GC-MS, GC×GC-TOF-MS, and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analyses have complementary outputs, and that their use in combination has advantages in supporting the results of sensory anal. and objectively differentiating these groups of EVOO. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics was written by Liu, Shiqi;Zhang, Suping;Yu, Taili;Cai, Qinjie. And the article was included in Linchan Huaxue Yu Gongye in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The co-pyrolysis activities of sawdust/low-d. polyethylene (LDPE) were studied in fixed-bed reactor. The effect of temperature on the co-pyrolysis behavior was also investigated by comparing with sawdust and LDPE individually. The results showed that the bio-oil yield could be effectively improved by the co-pyrolysis process, and the maximum bio-oil yield (56.84%) was obtained at 600°C, which was 6.44 percentage point higher than the theor. value. The composition of biomass and LDPE co-pyrolysis liquid products was analyzed by GC-MS. It was found that the bio-oil components produced by co-pyrolysis were mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcs. and phenols. Some specific components, such as undecanol, heptenal and other oxygen-containing long-chain compounds, were also produced during the co-pyrolysis process, which were the products of free radical interaction between biomass and LDPE. The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of sawdust and LDPE was studied by thermogravimetry-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the maximum reaction rate temperature during co-pyrolysis was 490°C, which was about 22°C lower than 512°C, which was the temperature of maximum reaction rate in LDPE individual pyrolysis. The hydroxyl radical generated during the lignin cracking process combining with the small mol. produced by the cleavage of LDPE formed undecanol, octyl-phenol and the like, and the furans and aldehydes formed during the pyrolysis of cellulose were reacted with the resulting C_nH_m formed by cleavage of LDPE to obtain the substances such as 2-butyltetrahydrofuran, heptenal, dodecanal or the like. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A validated strategy to design efficient fermentation-industrial processes: agave spirit production was written by Navarrete-Bolanos, J. L.;Serrato-Joya, O.;Chavez-Mireles, H.;Vicente-Magueyal, F. J.;Jimenez-Islas, H.. And the article was included in Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering in 2021.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An industrial process is profitable when its individual unit operations are efficient and thus, this work shows a guideline for designing efficient fermentation-industrial processes for agave distilled production based on a sequential approach of optimization, beginning in the laboratory and followed by the adjustment of the variable values using the evolutionary operation method for successful process scaling. The results at the laboratory showed that a starter inoculum containing a 5 x 106 cells/mL mixture of Kluyveromyces marxianus, Clavispora lusitaniae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. drosophilarum strains in a bioreactor containing agave syrup with 120 g/L fermented sugar, processed at a constant temperature of 33°C and 1.0 VVM aeration for 1.6 h, led to a fermented product with a 4.18% (volume/volume) alc. content after 72 h of processing time. The scale-up process results showed that the best operating conditions at the pilot-plant level were a temperature of 35°C and aeration at 1.0 VVM for 1.2 h, which led to a fermented product with a 4.22% (volume/volume) total alc. content after 72 h of processing time. These represent similar performance values for both production processes, but each one worked with their specific values of process variables, which demonstrates that each level of production had its own specific values for process variables. The volatile compound anal. shows that both distilled products contained a similar profile of volatile components that provide fruity and ethereal aromatic notes pleasant to the palate. Therefore, the process design for agave spirit production at the semi-industrial level was successfully achieved. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volatile compositions of strawberry fruit during shelf life using pre and postharvest hexanal treatment was written by Oz, Ayse Tuelin;Kafkas, Ebru. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Related Products of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Changes in volatile compositions were determined in Rubygem strawberry variety related to pre and postharvest hexanal application during shelf life. For this concern, Rubygem variety was treated with hexanal vapor and spray applications which were, doses (0%, 0.01%, 0.02%) pre and postharvest after hexanal applications strawberry fruits were stored at 2°C and RH 90% conditions. Effects of hexanal spray and vapor applications of strawberry fruit volatile profiles were analyzed with HS-SPME/GC-MS techniques. Differences among treatments were identified in volatile compositions at 3 days intervals during 15 days of shelf life. The results showed that, hexanal application type and concentration effected the percentage of volatile composition of esters, ketones, terpens, alcs., acids, aldehydes, and others during shelf life. The hexanal application form and concentration were effected the amount and composition of volatiles of Rubygem strawberry fruit. As a result, hexanal spray application has important effects on ester percentage, however, hexanal vapor treatment increased the alcs. percentage of strawberries at the end of shelf life. Practical applications : Application of organic substances of hexanal pre and postharvest season has been successfully used due to their environmentally friendly effects. Hexanal is volatile gases, organic aldehydes which are the source of plant extract and used as food additives. There are many research on hexanal application to prevent microbial growth after harvest. In the present study, hexanal spray and vapor applications were used to determined the volatiles profile strawberries fruit during shelf life. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Related Products of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor Citrus fruits (Rutaceae) was written by Giovanelli, Silvia;Ciccarelli, Daniela;Giusti, Giulia;Mancianti, Francesca;Nardoni, Simona;Pistelli, Luisa. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2020.Computed Properties of C10H22O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Citrus Essential Oils (CEOs) from the peel of six minor Citrus fruits (C. bergamia ′Castagnaro,′ ′Fantastico,′ and ′Femminello,′ C. x myrtifolia, C. mitis, and C. japonica) were obtained by hydrodistillation and cold hand pressing of the flavedo to investigate their volatile constituents and antimycotic activities. The volatile compounds present in the juices of the same fruits, obtained by manual squeezing of the endocarps, were evaluated by direct immersion and Solid Phase Micro Extraction Monoterpenes were identified as the main class of components in all the six CEOs. Limonene was the most abundant compound, while BEOs (Bergamot Essential Oils) changed its composition according to the different extraction method and the fruit varieties. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the matrix taxa x chem. compounds showed that five chem. compounds had a significant discriminative function among the samples: high amounts of limonene characterized the cluster of C japonica, C. × myrtifolia, and C mitis, while the group of three cultivars of C bergamia differed in its predominance of linalool and linalyl acetate. Furfural and 4-terpineol were identified in the highest amounts in the Citrus juices analyzed by direct immersion. BEO obtained by hydrodistillation of C bergamia ′Fantastico′ was the most active in the antifungal tests. The antimycotic activity of C japonica EOs against dermatophytic species was also demonstrated. Based on our results, the use of these products would appear an interesting alternative in producing topical herbal products for the treatment of affected animals or for the purpose of environmental fungal control. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Computed Properties of C10H22O).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C10H22O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Uncertainties in monitoring of SVOCs in air caused by within-sampler degradation during active and passive air sampling was written by Melymuk, Lisa;Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla;Prokes, Roman;Kukucka, Petr;Pribylova, Petra;Vojta, Simon;Kohoutek, Jiri;Lammel, Gerhard;Klanova, Jana. And the article was included in Atmospheric Environment in 2017.Related Products of 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Degradation of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) occurs naturally in ambient air due to reactions with reactive trace gases (e.g., ozone, NO_x). During air sampling there is also the possibility for degradation of SVOCs within the air sampler, leading to underestimates of ambient air concentrations We investigated the possibility of this sampling artifact in commonly used active and passive air samplers for seven classes of SVOCs, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) typically covered by air monitoring programs, as well as SVOCs of emerging concern. Two active air samplers were used, one equipped with an ozone denuder and one without, to compare relative differences in mass of collected compounds Two sets of passive samplers were also deployed to determine the influence of degradation during longer deployment times in passive sampling. In active air samplers, comparison of the two sampling configurations suggested degradation of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with concentrations up to 2× higher in the denuder-equipped sampler, while halogenated POPs did not have clear evidence of degradation In contrast, more polar, reactive compounds (e.g., organophosphate esters and current use pesticides) had evidence of losses in the sampler with denuder. This may be caused by the denuder itself, suggesting sampling bias for these compounds can be created when typical air sampling apparatuses are adapted to limit degradation Passive air samplers recorded up to 4× higher concentrations when deployed for shorter consecutive sampling periods, suggesting that within-sampler degradation may also be relevant in passive air monitoring programs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Related Products of 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Microenvironment of MOF Channel Coordination with Pt NPs for Selective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Aldehydes was written by Zhang, Wenlei;Shi, Wenxiong;Ji, Wenlan;Wu, Haibo;Gu, Zhida;Wang, Peng;Li, Xiaohan;Qin, Peishan;Zhang, Jia;Fan, Yun;Wu, Tianyu;Fu, Yu;Zhang, Weina;Huo, Fengwei. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Surface and interface states of noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs), closely related to the catalytic performance, have been of great concern to academics in the field of catalysis. The catalytic property of MNPs was usually regulated through introducing modifier effects and metal-support effects, and the common nature of these strategies involved either the construction of steric hindrance on the surface of MNPs or the regulation of surface electronic state of MNPs, which inspired us to employ metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a support due to their tailorable phys.-chem. environments. Herein, we utilized the MOF matrixes to encapsulate MNPs (MNPs@MOFs) as catalysts which showed good selectivity and high conversion in the hydrogenation reaction of the citronellal mol. Three kinds of Pt@MOF catalysts (Pt@ZIF-8, Pt@ZIF-67, and Pt@UiO-66) with different channel environments (pore size, metal sites, etc.) were designed, and it was found that Pt@ZIF-67 exhibited comparable selectivity (>99%) and higher activity (turnover frequency = 42.28 h^-1). The high selectivity toward unsaturated alcs. was derived from the steric effect of the ZIF-67 pore, which regulated the diffusion status of the citronellal mol. in the channels, while the high catalytic activity of MNPs originated from the electronic effect between ZIF-67 and Pt NPs. Such results were also validated by the mol. dynamic simulation and d. functional theory calculation, further demonstrating that unsaturated alcs. can be formed through the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes by reasonably designing the channel environment of MNPs/MOFs that regulated the steric and electronic effects simultaneously. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts