Tag: 100-200

Rational analysis of dispersion and solubility of Kraft lignin in polyols for polyurethanes was written by Haridevan, Hima;Evans, David A. C.;Martin, Darren J.;Annamalai, Pratheep K.. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Safety of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

The incorporation of Kraft lignin (KL) in polyurethanes has received much academic and industrial attention due to its potential for sustainably improving broader property profiles. However, the consistency in phys. properties improvement is still challenging. The missing link in this field is the compatibility of KL with polyols and the major unanswered question is ‘how does lignin choose to disperse in polyols. This study reports the solubility of KL dispersed in ethylene oxide (EO) diols, propylene oxide (PO) diols, com. polyols containing EO or PO and a standard crosslinker (glycerol) at room temperature, and rationally evaluates compatible polyol/lignin systems based on microscopic, gravimetric, and rheol. analyses for potential application in polyurethanes. The degree of dispersion of KL in polyols was observed to vary from low to high with polydispersity in particle size depending on the chem. structure (functionality, solubility parameter, polarity) and mol. weight of polyols. While low mol. weight diols have shown high solubility of KL, the EO-based polyols have shown relatively better compatibility with KL than the PO-based polyols and glycerol. By exploring the various degrees of dispersion of KL in polyols, this study suggests that the polyurethane materials could be engineered with KL through judicious selection of compatible polyol based on structure, solubility parameter, and mol. weight In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2’-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Safety of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iron oxide nanoflowers encapsulated in thermosensitive fluorescent liposomes for hyperthermia treatment of lung adenocarcinoma was written by Theodosiou, Maria;Sakellis, Elias;Boukos, Nikos;Kusigerski, Vladan;Kalska-Szostko, Beata;Efthimiadou, Eleni. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is in the spotlight of nanomedical research for the treatment of cancer employing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their intrinsic capability for heat dissipation under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Herein we focus on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoflowers (Nfs) of different sizes (15 and 35 nm) and coatings (bare, citrate, and Rhodamine B) while comparing their physicochem. and magnetothermal properties. We encapsulated colloidally stable citrate coated Nfs, of both sizes, in thermosensitive liposomes via extrusion, and RhB was loaded in the lipid bilayer. All formulations proved hemocompatible and cytocompatible. We found that 35 nm Nfs, at lower concentrations than 15 nm Nfs, served better as nanoheaters for magnetic hyperthermia applications. In vitro, magnetic hyperthermia results showed promising therapeutic and imaging potential for RhB loaded magnetoliposomes containing 35 nm Nfs against LLC and CULA cell lines of lung adenocarcinoma. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses reveal that Fe₃O₄ and ZnO nanoparticles alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco was written by Zou, Congming;Lu, Tianquan;Wang, Ruting;Xu, Peng;Jing, Yifen;Wang, Ruling;Xu, Jin;Wan, Jinpeng. And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Heavy metals repress tobacco growth and quality, and engineered nanomaterials have been used for sustainable agriculture. However, the underlying mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tobacco remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the effects of Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on Cd stress in tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 (Nicotianatabacum). Cd severely repressed tobacco growth, whereas foliar spraying with Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs promoted plant growth, as indicated by enhancing plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh weight under Cd toxicity. Moreover, Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs increased, including Zn, K and Mn contents, in the roots and/or leaves and facilitated seedling growth under Cd stress. Metabolomics anal. showed that 150 and 76 metabolites were differentially accumulated in roots and leaves under Cd stress, resp. These metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Interestingly, Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth. Correlation anal. further indicated that these metabolites, including proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, farrerol and quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, were significantly correlated with plant growth. These results collectively indicate that metal nanoparticles can serve as plant growth regulators and provide insights into using them for improving crops in heavy metal-contaminated areas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Recommanded Product: 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gas-liquid analysis of terpenes in therapeutic preparations was written by Zen’ko, I. V.;Pogodina, L. I.;Pertsovskii, A. L.;Voitekhovskaya, G. I.. And the article was included in Vestsi Akademii Navuk BSSR, Seryya Khimichnykh Navuk in 1980.Electric Literature of C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

Stationary phases of different polarity were used in the gas chromatog. determination of camphor (I) [76-22-2], bromocamphor [76-29-9], menthol [89-78-1], thymol [89-83-8], terpin hydrate [2451-01-6], validol [28221-20-7], and α- [141-27-5] and β-citral [106-26-3] in formulations containing many other drugs. Glass columns of silanized Chromaton N-AW coated with 0.5% polyethylene glycol 20M and stationary phases of 10% Apiezon L or 10% Reoplex 400 and flame ionization detection were used. Except for thymol, for which a 1-8% solution was used, the other terpenes were analyzed as 0.25-2.5% solutions; the relative error was 1-3.2%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Electric Literature of C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Electric Literature of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Potent Inhibitors Targeting Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferases was written by Li, Xiao;Zhang, Lun;Xu, Jing;Liu, Chenyu;Zhang, Xiaojian;Abdelmoneim, Amr Abbas;Zhang, Qian;Ke, Jiaqi;Zhang, Yingnan;Wang, Lei;Yang, Fan;Luo, Cheng;Jin, Jia;Ye, Fei. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in 2022.Synthetic Route of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1), which belongs to type I PRMTs (protein arginine methyltransferases), is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of multiple cancers. In this study, we first identified several hit compounds against CARM1 by structure-based virtual screening (IC₅₀ = 35.51 ± 6.68 to 68.70 ± 8.12 μM) and then carried out chem. structural optimizations, leading to six compounds with significantly improved activities targeting CARM1 (IC₅₀ = 18 ± 2 to 107 ± 6 nM). As a compound with an ethylenediamino motif, the most potent inhibitor, ZL-28-6, also exhibited potent inhibition against other type I PRMTs. Compared to the type I PRMT inhibitor from our previous work (DCPR049_12), ZL-28-6 showed increased potency against CARM1 and decreased activity against other type I PRMTs. Moreover, ZL-28-6 showed better antiproliferation activities toward a series of solid tumor cells than DCPR049_12, indicating its broad spectrum of anticancer activity. In addition, cellular thermal shift and Western blot assays validated that ZL-28-6 could target CARM1 in cells. Taken together, the inhibitor we identified could serve as a potent probe for studying CARM1′s biol. functions and shed light on the future design of novel CARM1 inhibitors with stronger activities and selectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Synthetic Route of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Essential oil in vapor phase in combination with Enterococcus mundtii STw38 to improve refrigerated hake fillets shelf-life was written by Delcarlo, Sofia Belen;Merly, Marie;Gliemmo, Maria Fernanda;Vallejo, Marisol;Schelegueda, Laura Ines;Campos, Carmen Adriana. And the article was included in Food Control in 2022.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Essential oils (EOs) in vapor phase were applied together with the bacteriocinogenic strain Enterococcus mundtii STw38 to improve the shelf life of Argentinean hake -Merluccius hubbsi-. Evaluated EOs were oregano, thyme, rosemary, and lemongrass. In vitro results demonstrated their effectiveness against foodborne pathogen surrogate Listeria innocua, as well as against Lactobacillus plantarum, Shewanella putrefaciens, and fish indigenous biota. The most effective were oregano and lemongrass, showing the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration, and synergic activity when combined against L. innocua and S. putrefaciens. Furthermore, synergic mixtures promoted changes in target microorganisms cell wall. The composition of the volatile phase of a synergic EOs mixture showed a higher presence of oregano components. When applying the EOs alone in hake fillets, total bacteria count increased 3.3 log cycles whereas in the control system the increase was higher than 5 log cycles, and consumers evaluated similarly in taste and smell both the control and the EOs synergic mixtures When adding the most concentrated synergic mixture (0.147μL lemongrass/mL headspace and 0.195μL oregano/mL headspace) together with the bioprotective culture, in 7 days total bacteria count only increased 3 log cycles, showing the effectiveness of the use of EOs together with E. mundtii STw38. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Size-Controlled Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles Deposited on Surface-Fibrillated Cellulose Obtained by Citric Acid Modification was written by Chutimasakul, Threeraphat;Uetake, Yuta;Tantirungrotechai, Jonggol;Asoh, Taka-aki;Uyama, Hiroshi;Sakurai, Hidehiro. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2020.Reference of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

Cellulose-based functional materials have gained immense interest due to their low d., hydrophilicity, chirality, and degradability. So far, a facile and scalable preparation of fibrillated cellulose by treating the hydroxy groups of cellulose with citric acid (F-CAC) has been developed and applied as a reinforcing filler for polypropylene composite. Herein, a size-selective preparation of Au nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by F-CAC is described. By modifying the conditions of transdeposition method, established in our group previously, a transfer of Au NPs from poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) to F-CAC proceeded up to 96% transfer efficiency with retaining its cluster sizes in EtOH. Meanwhile, the deposition efficiency drastically decreased in the case of nonmodified cellulose, showing the significance of citric acid modification. A shift of binding energy at Au 4f core level XPS from 82.0 to 83.3 eV indicated that the NPs were stabilized on an F-CAC surface rather than by PVP matrix. The reproducible particle size growth was observed when 2-propanol was used as a solvent instead of EtOH, expanding the range of the available particle size with simple manipulation. The thus-obtained Au:F-CAC nanocatalysts exhibited a catalytic activity toward an aerobic oxidation of 1-indonol in toluene to yield 1-indanone quant. and were recyclable at least six times, illustrating high tolerance against organic solvents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Reference of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Analysis of 44 pharmaceuticals consumed by elderly using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was written by Gomez-Canela, Cristian;Sala-Comorera, Teresa;Pueyo, Victor;Barata, Carlos;Lacorte, Silvia. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2019.Application of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Elderly people represent about the 15% of the total world population and often include a polymedicated age group with an average consumption of 5-10 pills per day. The main pharmaceuticals consumed are antianalgesics, antidiabetics, anti-parkinson compounds, anti-convulsants, drugs to treat constipation and drugs to treat cancer. We have developed a multiresidue method for the anal. of 44 selected pharmaceuticals prioritized according to the foremost consumption by the elderly in effluents from senior residences. Given the complexity of these waters, method optimization included the selection of the extraction cartridge, pH and volume, and the optimization of the liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry conditions to minimize matrix effects and obtain high yields. Good method performance was obtained, with recoveries at 27-116% and high sensitivity. The method was tested in a preliminar study to determine pharmaceuticals released in situ from the untreated effluents of the senior residences. High concentrations were detected, with levels at 0.20-2891 μg L^-1 attributed to the high consumption of drugs in the studied residences, which gather at ∼100 residents. The most detected pharmaceuticals were aspirin, macrogol, levofloxacin, cyclophosphamide, diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, carbamazepine, levetiracetam, pregabalin, quetiapine, chlormetiazole, trazodone, caffeine, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alc. and amylmetacresol. This study describes the anal. conditions to determine the outmost consumed pharmaceuticals in wastewaters released from senior residences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Application of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Method for detecting ¹⁴C and ³H labelled substances on thin-layer chromatograms was written by Jolchine, Genevieve. And the article was included in Physiologie Vegetale in 1964.Safety of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

This method extends the sensitivity for detecting ³H on chromatograms. After the developing solvent was removed, the chromatogram was treated with a solution of 0.4% 2,5-diphenyloxazole and 0.01% 1,4-bis(4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl)benzene in toluene dithiophene (I). Following the evaporation of I, the chromatogram was left in contact with Kodak Regulix-HS type 2 film for 24 hrs. The method was tested with succinic-2,3-³H acid and succinic-¹⁴C acid; the lower limit of detection for ¹⁴C was 0.001 μc./cm.² A photomultiplier can be used in place of the film for quant. measurements. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Safety of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of various seasonings on the quality retention of dried mackerel (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus) was written by Kobayashi, Fumiyuki;Kimura, Ryusuke;Aoki, Ryoma;Tamura, Koji;Ozawa, Ryo;Odake, Sachiko. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

The effect of seasonings on the quality retention of dried mackerel (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus) was investigated by analyzing the components of the seasonings and prepared dried mackerel. The pH, water content, salt concentration, and inosinic acid content of dried mackerel were influenced by the water content of seasoning liquid The free amino acid content of dried mackerel depended on the seasoning liquid The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of mirin seasoning liquid was significantly higher than that of salt and chorizo, and that of black seven spices (shichimi) and chorizo seasoning powders was extremely high. The content of some aldehydes, alkenes, and alkane of dried mackerel flavored with mirin, shichimi, and chorizo was significantly lower than that flavored with salt. Hexanal concentration further decreased in dried mackerel flavored with shichimi and chorizo. Therefore, the use of shichimi and chorizo as seasoning powders was effective for maintaining the quality of dried mackerel. The production and consumption of dried fish have decreased yearly in Japan. Recently, two types of seasonings flavored with shichimi and chorizo have been, therefore, developed for preparing dried mackerel. These seasonings consisted of liquid and powder. This is the first attempt to use seasoning powders in the production of dried mackerel. This study demonstrated that the generation of fishy volatile components from dried mackerel was inhibited by the shichimi and chorizo seasoning powders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts