Tag: 100-200

Bioinspired Rubber Composites with Mechanical Robustness, Recyclability, and Shape Memory Properties was written by Zhang, Jihua;Qin, Junhong;Feng, Huadong;Wang, Hao;Zao, Weitao;Yang, Yuan;Liang, Zi. And the article was included in Macromolecular Materials and Engineering in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Vitrimers display great potential for application in various industries thanks to their high strength, reprocessability, and multi-functions. However, it is still quite a challenge to fabricate rubber vitrimers as the facile designs in reversible crosslinking networks are always critical Herein, inspired by mussel byssus, heterogeneous coordination networks are constructed in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) to develop novel vitrimeric structures composed of metal-phenolic network (MPN) granules with dense zinc ions (Zn²⁺)-tea polyphenol (TP) bonds and a soft matrix containing few Zn²⁺cyano group (CN) coordination bonds. The resulting NBR composites show tunable reinforcement simply by altering the amount of Zn²⁺ ions. The reversibility of complexations endows the composites with good plasticity, recyclability, and stable shape memory properties. Plasticity at high temperatures changes vitrimeric networks, producing larger and spindle-like MPN granules owing to their secondary self-assembly. Despite these variations, the vitrimeric composites still maintain engineering plasticity-based shape memory properties at a relatively large strain. Therefore, it is believed that the biomimetic strategies can well fabricate rubber composites with high strength, reprocessable, and shape-memory performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 2. agro-environmental properties was written by Bona, Daniela;Scrinzi, Donato;Tonon, Giustino;Ventura, Maurizio;Nardin, Tiziana;Zottele, Fabio;Andreis, Daniele;Andreottola, Gianni;Fiori, Luca;Silvestri, Silvia. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2022.Related Products of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

The work concerns the study of the hydrochar from digestate and hydrochar co-compost characterization as amendments. The processes for hydrochar and co-compost production were described in Part 1 of this work (Scrinzi et al., 2022). The amendment properties of hydrochar (produced at 180-200-220°C for 3 h) and co-composts (25%, 50%, and 75% hydrochar percentage of digestate substitution) were assessed by phytotoxicity, plant growth bioassay, and soil effect. Different seeds species (Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus, and Sorghum bicolor sp.) were dosed at increased concentrations using both wet raw amendments and their water extracts The chem. characterization showed phytotoxic compounds content depending on both the initial feedstock (digestate) and the HTC process at the same time, the anal. highlighted the reduction of these compounds by composting (organic acid, polyphenols, salt concentration). The dose-response was analyzed by the Cedergreen-Streibig-Ritz model and the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was calculated based on this equation. The soil properties and GHG emissions measurements (CH₄, CO₂, N₂O, and NH₃) highlighted the effect on N dynamics and on soil respiration induced by substrates. The HC200 soil application determined a significant impact on CO₂ and N₂O emission and NH3 volatilization (10.82 mol CO₂/m²; 51.45 mmol N₂O/m²; 112 mol NH₃/m²) and a significant reduction of total N and TOC (46% of TKN and 49% of TOC). The co-compost (75%) showed specific effects after soil application compared to other samples an increase of available P (48%), a greater content of nitrogen (1626 mg/kg dry basis), and a reduction of organic carbon (17%). Our results demonstrate the good quality of co-compost and at the same time the validity of this post-treatment for addressing many issues related to hydrochar use in the soil as an amendment, confirming the suitability of HTC process integration for digestate treatment in anaerobic digestion plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Related Products of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Regioselective hydroboration-oxidation and -amination of fluoro-substituted styrenes was written by Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan;Madhi, Sateesh;O’Donnell, Martin J.. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorine Chemistry in 2006.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

Hydroboration of fluorinated styrenes with common hydroborating agents results in polymerization However, regioselective hydroboration has been achieved by utilizing iodoborane-dimethyl sulfide. A series of fluorinated β-phenethyl alcs. and amines, e.g., I [R = OH, NH₂] were synthesized via this methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biocatalytic Asymmetric Hydrogen Transfer Employing Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 was written by Stampfer, Wolfgang;Kosjek, Birgit;Faber, Kurt;Kroutil, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2003.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Nonracemic secondary alcs. of opposite absolute configuration were obtained either by asym. reduction of the corresponding ketone using 2-propanol as hydrogen donor or by enantioselective oxidation through kinetic resolution of the racemic alc. using acetone as hydrogen acceptor employing whole lyophilized cells of Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541. The microbial oxidation/reduction system exhibits not only excellent stereo- and enantioselectivity but also a broad substrate spectrum. Due to the exceptional tolerance of the biocatalyst toward elevated concentrations of organic materials (solvents, substrates and cosubstrates), the process is highly efficient. The simple preparation of the biocatalyst and its ease of handling turns this system into a versatile tool for organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Importance of the C12 carbon chain in the biological activity of rhamnolipids conferring protection in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici was written by Platel, Remi;Chaveriat, Ludovic;Le Guenic, Sarah;Pipeleers, Rutger;Magnin-Robert, Maryline;Randoux, Beatrice;Trapet, Pauline;Lequart, Vincent;Joly, Nicolas;Halama, Patrice;Martin, Patrick;Hofte, Monica;Reignault, Philippe;Siah, Ali. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Product Details of 10030-85-0 This article mentions the following:

The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici blotch, is currently the most devastating foliar disease on wheat crops worldwide. Here, we explored, for the first time, the ability of rhamnolipids (RLs) to control this pathogen, using a total of 19 RLs, including a natural RL mixture produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 bioinspired RLs synthesized using green chem., as well as two related compounds (lauric acid and dodecanol). These compounds were assessed for in vitro antifungal effect, in planta defense elicitation (peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities), and protection efficacy on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem. Interestingly, a structure-activity relationship anal. revealed that synthetic RLs with a 12 carbon fatty acid tail were the most effective for all examined biol. activities. This highlights the importance of the C12 chain in the bioactivity of RLs, likely by acting on the plasma membranes of both wheat and Z. tritici cells. The efficacy of the most active compound Rh-Est-C12 was 20-fold lower in planta than in vitro; an optimization of the formulation is thus required to increase its effectiveness. No Z. tritici strain-dependent activity was scored for Rh-Est-C12 that exhibited similar antifungal activity levels towards strains differing in their resistance patterns to demethylation inhibitor fungicides, including multi-drug resistance strains. This study reports new insights into the use of bio-inspired RLs to control Z. tritici. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Product Details of 10030-85-0).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 10030-85-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A tunable synthesis of either benzaldehyde or benzoic acid through blue-violet LED irradiation using TBATB was written by Mardani, Atefeh;Heshami, Marouf;Shariati, Yadollah;Kazemi, Foad;Abdollahi Kakroudi, Mazaher;Kaboudin, Babak. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this paper, a highly efficient, metal-free, and homogeneous method for the selective aerobic photooxidation of alcs. and photooxidative-desilylation of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers (TBDMS) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) under irradiation of visible light was reported. The light source: blue (460 nm) and violet (400 nm) LED, can control selective oxidation to aldehyde or carboxylic acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Application In Synthesis of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Exploiting CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) class specificity to probe cellulose microfibril biosynthesis was written by Kumar, Manoj;Mishra, Laxmi;Carr, Paul;Pilling, Michael;Gardner, Peter;Mansfield, Shawn D.;Turnera, Simon. And the article was included in Plant Physiology in 2018.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate This article mentions the following:

Cellulose microfibrils are the basic units of cellulose in plants. The structure of these microfibrils is at least partly determined by the structure of the cellulose synthase complex. In higher plants, this complex is composed of 18 to 24 catalytic subunits known as CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins. Three different classes of CESA proteins are required for cellulose synthesis and for secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis these classes are represented by CESA4, CESA7, and CESA8. To probe the relationship between CESA proteins and microfibril structure, we created mutant cesa proteins that lack catalytic activity but retain sufficient structural integrity to allow assembly of the cellulose synthase complex. Using a series of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and genetic backgrounds, we found consistent differences in the ability of these mutant cesa proteins to complement the cellulose-deficient phenotype of the cesa null mutants. The best complementation was observed with catalytically inactive cesa4, while the equivalent mutation in cesa8 exhibited significantly lower levels of complementation. Using a variety of biophys. techniques, including solid-state NMR and Fourier transform IR microscopy, to study these mutant plants, we found evidence for changes in cellulose microfibril structure, but these changes largely correlated with cellulose content and reflected differences in the relative proportions of primary and secondary cell walls. Our results suggest that individual CESA classes have similar roles in determining cellulose microfibril structure, and it is likely that the different effects of mutating members of different CESA classes are the consequence of their different catalytic activity and their influence on the overall rate of cellulose synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of carvacrol incorporated antimicrobial film based on agar/konjac glucomannan and its application in chicken preservation was written by Peng, Shurui;Zhang, Jiao;Zhang, Tao;Hati, Subrota;Mo, Haizhen;Xu, Dan;Li, Hongbo;Hu, Liangbin;Liu, Zhenbin. And the article was included in Journal of Food Engineering in 2022.Electric Literature of C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to fabricate and characterize antimicrobial films based on Agar/Konjac glucomannan (KA) incorporated with carvacrol (CV) (1%, 1.5% and 2%). The phys., structural and antimicrobial properties were studied to evaluate the effects of carvacrol on the composite films. Results indicated that the addition of 2% CV markedly enhanced the tensile strength (36.72 MPa), elongation at break (100.19%), hydrophobic properties and UV barrier properties compared with KA film. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and SEM indicated good compatibility and the formation of intermol. hydrogen bonds. Addnl., the addition of 2% CV showed strong antimicrobial activities against the most common food spoiling bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Finally, the potential application of the films was evaluated by the packing test of chicken, where KA-2% CV was able to prolong the shelf life of refrigerated chicken breast from 5 days to 9 days. Overall, the composite films incorporating 2% carvacrol was a promising antimicrobial packing material to displace petrochem.-based plastics to extend the shelf life of foods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Electric Literature of C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fluorescence-marked mesoporous silica core-shell nanocatalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was written by An, Juzeng;Zhao, Junwei;Liu, Guohua;Cheng, Tanyu. And the article was included in Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical in 2016.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Fluorescence-marked core-shell structured nanocatalyst was prepared through co-condensation method. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic efficiency for asym. transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones and can be recovered and reused several times. The strong fluorescent emission easily tracks the recovery process of the nanocatalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Usnic acid. IV. Isoanhydromethyldihydrousnic acid was written by Takahashi, Kotaro;Miyashita, Shuichi;Ueda, Yoshie. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1963.Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone This article mentions the following:

Acetylation of 30 g. methyldihydrousnic acid yielded 12 g. anhydromethyldihydrousnic acid (I) monoacetate, m. 172-3°, and from the mother liquor, after evaporation and hydrolysis of the residue, 1 g. title compound (II, R = H), m. 196°. Acetylation of 4 g. II (R = H) by warming 3 hrs. on a steam bath with 40 cc. AcOH containing 4 drops concentrated H₂SO₄ gave II (R = Ac), m. 142-3°, which was deacetylated by hydrolysis either with 5% NaOH at room temperature or with ice-cold H₂SO₄ to give II (R = H), indicating absence of any rearrangement during acetylation. Ozonolysis of II (R = Ac) in CHCl₃, followed by warming 30 min. with EtOH gave 6,2,4,3-Me(HO)₂AcC₆HCO₂H (III), m. 180° (decomposition), and 6,2,3,4-Me(HO)Ac(AcO)C₆HCO₂Et (IV), m. 115-16°. Vacuum distillation of III at 180-200° gave the known 4,2,6-Me(HO)₂C₆H₂Ac (V), m. 146°, and deacetylation of IV by heating 1 hr. with 5% NaOH on a steam bath and acidifying gave the known 6,3,2,4-MeAc(HO)₂C₆HCO₂Et (VI), m. 89-90°, identical with the product of ethylation of 6,3,2,4MeAc(HO)₂C₆HCO₂H with diazoethane in Et₂O. These results showed that a γ-orcacetophenone ring was present in II as well as in I. Both infrared and ultraviolet absorption curves were shown for I and II (R = H). Refluxing 1 g. II (R = H) 5 hrs. on a steam bath with HONH₂.HCl and AcONa in EtOH yielded 1 g. dioxime monoanhydride (VII), m. 280° (decomposition), which (0.5 g.) was oxidized with H₂O₂ at 80-90° to yield 50 mg. 4-carboxy-α,α,3-trimethyl-5-isoxazoleacetic acid, m. 217°, the same compound previously similarly derived from I. This indicated that the relative positions of the Ac, enolic HO, and gem-di-Me groups were the same in the A rings of I and II. However, the difference in the conjugated systems of the A rings (as shown in formulas I and II) was confirmed by the shift of 35 mμ in the maximum at 237 mμ of II to that at 272 mμ of I. All these results established the assigned formula for II, which was further confirmed by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (curve shown). As previously suggested for the mechanism of the preparation of I, the simultaneous formation of II would likewise involve the fission of the C-O-C bond in the furan ring and the removal of the newly-formed HO group in the B ring. Then the mode of reformation of the C-O-C linkage would determine whether I or II would result from the following dienonephenol rearrangement. Ultraviolet or infrared absorption spectra (in addition to the curves for I and II) were used to support the structures of III-VII. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts