Tag: 100-200

Cyanobacterium-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of ketones was written by Nakamura, K.;Yamanaka, R.;Tohi, K.;Hamada, H.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2000.Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, a cyanobacterium, acted as a biocatalyst to reduce aryl Me ketones into the corresponding (S)-alcs. with excellent enantioselectivities under illumination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative study of catalytic activity of tetrameric lanthanide-substituted polyoxotungstates [(Ln₂XW₁₀O₃₈)₄(W₃O₈)(OH)₄(H₂O)₂]^n- (X = Si^IV, Ge^IV & P^V and n = 26 or 25) for the oxidation of alcohols was written by Hussain, Firasat;Khan, Imran;Das, Vivek. And the article was included in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

The catalytic activity of tetrameric lanthanide-substituted phospho, germano and silicotungstate with the formula [(Ln₂XW₁₀O₃₈)₄(W₃O₈)(OH)₄(H₂O)₂]^n- (X = Si^IV, Ge^IV & P^V and n = 26 or 25) {Ln₈X₄W₄₀} (X = Si^IV, Ge^IV or P^V) has been investigated for the oxidation of alc. derivatives in homogeneous medium. The comparative study shows that the lanthanide-substituted phosphotungstates possesses better catalytic activity over the silico and germanotungstate analogs. The reaction was carried out in eco-friendly solvent (water) in presence of green oxidant (H₂O₂). The recovered catalysts were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The catalysts are stable and can be recovered even after five consecutive cycles of reaction with only a slight loss in its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Manganese complex-catalyzed oxidation and oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols by hydrogen peroxide was written by Miao, Chengxia;Li, Xiao-Xi;Lee, Yong-Min;Xia, Chungu;Wang, Yong;Nam, Wonwoo;Sun, Wei. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The highly efficient catalytic oxidation and oxidative kinetic resolution (OKR) of secondary alcs. has been achieved using a synthetic manganese catalyst with low loading and hydrogen peroxide as an environmentally benign oxidant in the presence of a small amount of sulfuric acid as an additive. The product yields were high (up to 93%) for alc. oxidation and the enantioselectivity was excellent (>90% ee) for the OKR of secondary alcs. Mechanistic studies revealed that alc. oxidation occurs via hydrogen atom (H-atom) abstraction from an α-CH bond of the alc. substrate and a two-electron process by an electrophilic Mn-oxo species. D. functional theory calculations revealed the difference in reaction energy barriers for H-atom abstraction from the α-CH bonds of R- and S-enantiomers by a chiral high-valent manganese-oxo complex, supporting the exptl. result from the OKR of secondary alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A UV-Cleavable Bottlebrush Polymer with o-Nitrobenzyl-Linked Side Chains was written by Zhu, Wen;Zhang, Liangcai;Chen, Yongming;Zhang, Ke. And the article was included in Macromolecular Rapid Communications in 2017.Formula: C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

An UV-cleavable bottlebrush polymer is synthesized using the “grafting-onto” strategy by combining living radical polymerization and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In this approach, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is used to prepare a poly(methylacrylate) backbone with azide side groups, while atom transfer radical polymerization is employed to prepare polystyrene (PS) side chains end-functionalized with o-nitrobenzyl (UV-cleavable) propargyl groups. CuAAC is then used to graft PS side chains onto the polymer backbone, producing the corresponding bottlebrush polymers with UV-cleavable PS side chains. The formation of the bottlebrush polymer is characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatog. (GPC), and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The cleavage behavior of the bottlebrush polymer is monitored in THF solution under UV irradiation by GPC and viscosity measurements. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Formula: C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A comprehensive study on essential oil compositions, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antityrosinase activities of three Iranian Artemisia species was written by Shahrivari, Saba;Alizadeh, Saeedeh;Ghassemi-Golezani, Kazem;Aryakia, Elyas. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Artemisia is one of the most diverse genera in the Asteraceae family. The genus is wildly distributed in Irano-Turanian habitats and includes 34 species in Iran. Here, for the first time the essential oil variability, antioxidants and anti-cholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of extracts of three Artemisia species (A. tournefortiana, A. khorassanica, A. haussknechtii), from different regions of Iran were evaluated. Based on GC-MS analyses, 81.84% to 98.70% of the total oils were identified. Cluster anal. grouped the studied populations in three different chemotypes. The highest and the lowest essential oil contents were observed in A. khorassanica and A. haussknechtii species, resp. Camphor, en-in-dicycloether, 1,8-cineole and (Z)-β-farnesene were the dominant components of essential oil in investigated ecotypes. The results revealed that the total phenol content was higher in A. tournefortiana collected from Kerman and A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. However, the lowest phenol content was recorded for A. haussknechtii collected from Isfahan province. The highest flavonoids content was found in A. tournefortiana collected from West Azerbaijan and A. khorassanica collected from North Khorasan. The highest FRAP antioxidant activity was observed in A. tournefortiana (Kerman) and the lower amount was in A. haussknechtii collected from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method was in A. khorassanica collected from South Khorasan and the lowest activity was in Isfahan’s A. haussknechtii. The acetycholine esterase inhibitory activity was higher in A. tournefortiana collected from West Azerbaijan; and the lowest activity was in A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity was in A. khorassanica collected from North Khorasan; and the lowest was in A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Cobalt(II) Complex Bearing the Amine(imine)diphosphine PN(H)NP Ligand for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones was written by Huo, Shangfei;Chen, Hong;Zuo, Weiwei. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2021.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Novel chiral cobalt complex a containing amine(imine)diphosphine PN(H)NP ligand and complex b containing bis(amine)diphosphine PN(H)N(H)P ligand were synthesized. The structures of two complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallog. and high resolution mass spectrometry. The catalytic performances of cobalt complexes a and b for asym. transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones under mild conditions were evaluated using 2-propanolisopropanol as solvent and hydrogen source after being activated by 8 equiv of base. Complex a showed a good reactivity for reduction of ketones, with a turnover number (TON) of up to 555, and a maximum enantiomeric excess (ee) value of up to 91%. Complex b exhibited inertness for hydrogenation of ketones. Electronic structure studies on a and b were conducted to account for the function of ligands on the catalytic performances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective Synthesis of Bisdimethylamine Derivatives from Diols and an Aqueous Solution of Dimethylamine through Iridium-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen Pathway was written by Jeong, Jaeyoung;Fujita, Ken-ichi. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

A new system was developed for the selective synthesis of bisdimethylamine derivatives using a diol and dimethylamine as starting materials and an iridium complex bearing an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand as catalyst. The starting materials were easily available, less toxic, inexpensive and easy to handle. The reaction proceeded efficiently through a borrowing hydrogen pathway under aqueous conditions, without any addnl. organic solvent, to afford various bisdimethylamine derivatives in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6COA of Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C4H10O3

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enzymatic reduction of acetophenone derivatives with a benzil reductase from Pichia glucozyma (KRED1-Pglu): electronic and steric effects on activity and enantioselectivity was written by Contente, Martina L.;Serra, Immacolata;Palazzolo, Luca;Parravicini, Chiara;Gianazza, Elisabetta;Eberini, Ivano;Pinto, Andrea;Guidi, Benedetta;Molinari, Francesco;Romano, Diego. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2016.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

A recombinant ketoreductase from Pichia glucozyma (KRED1-Pglu) was used for the enantioselective reduction of various mono-substituted acetophenones. Reaction rates of meta- and para-derivatives were consistent with the electronic effects described by σ-Hammett coefficients; on the other hand, enantioselectivity was determined by an opposite orientation of the substrate in the binding pocket. Reduction of ortho-derivatives occurred only with substrates bearing substituents with low steric impact (i.e., F and CN). Reactivity was controlled by stereoelectronic features (C=O length and charge, shape of LUMO frontier MOs), which can be theor. calculated In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pendant Alkoxy Groups on N-Aryl Substitutions Drive the Efficiency of Imidazolylidene Catalysts for Homoenolate Annulation from Enal and Aldehyde was written by Kyan, Ryuji;Sato, Kohei;Mase, Nobuyuki;Narumi, Tetsuo. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Reference of 80866-76-8 This article mentions the following:

Hydrogen-transfer in the tetrahedral intermediate generated from an imidazolylidene catalyst and α,β-unsaturated aldehyde forms a conjugated Breslow intermediate. This is a critical step affecting the efficiency of the NHC-catalyzed γ-butyrolactone formation via homoenolate addition to aryl aldehydes. A novel type of imidazolylidene catalyst with pendant alkoxy groups on the ortho-N-aryl groups is described. Catalyst of this sort facilitates the formation of the conjugated Breslow intermediate. Studies of the rate constants for homoenolate annulation affording γ-butyrolactones, reveal that introduction of the oxygen atoms in the appropriate position of the N-aryl substituents can increase the efficiency of imidazolylidene catalysts. Structural and mechanistic studies revealed that pendant alkoxy groups can be located close to the proton of the tetrahedral intermediate, thereby facilitating the proton transfer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Reference of 80866-76-8).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 80866-76-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N-Alkyl Carbamoylimidazoles as Isocyanate Equivalents: Exploration of the Reaction Scope for the Synthesis of Ureas, Hydantoins, Carbamates, Thiocarbamates, and Oxazolidinones was written by Bansagi, Jazmin;Wilson-Konderka, Cody;Debrauwer, Vincent;Narayanan, Pournima;Batey, Robert A.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

The reaction of the HCl or trifluoroacetic acid salts of primary amines R¹NH₃⁺Cl^– (R¹ = Me, Et, propargyl, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl, etc.) with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) is shown to be a preparatively useful method for forming monosubstituted carbamoylimidazoles I (28 examples) without the formation of sym. urea side products. The utility of these air- and water-stable crystalline carbamoylimidazole reagents was demonstrated by their reactions as blocked or masked isocyanate equivalent Reaction with various classes of nucleophiles provides access to useful functional groups including ureas R¹NHC(O)N(R²)R³ (R² = 2-methylpropyl, (4-chlorophenyl)methyl, 2-phenylethyl; R³ = H, methoxycarbonyl), carbamates R¹NHC(O)OR³ (R³ = (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl, (2S,5S)-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl, (2-aminophenyl)methyl), thiocarbamates R¹NHC(O)SR⁴ (R⁴ = n-octyl, phenyl), hydantoins II (R⁵ = benzyl; R⁶ = H; R⁵R⁶ = -(CH₂)₄) and oxazolidinones III (R⁷ = prop-1-en-1-yl, phenyl). A parallel synthesis library of 30 ureas was generated by the reaction of 6x carbamoylimidazole intermediates with 5x amines and triethylamine. The unsym. urea-containing natural products macaurea A and pygmaniline A were also prepared in good yields (95% over four steps and 79% over three steps, resp.) using this approach. The reaction of carbamoylimidazoles I with amino acid Me esters followed by microwave irradiation in aqueous media gives hydantoins II in high yields, further demonstrating the ability of carbamoylimidazoles I as isocyanate surrogates. Three hydantoin-containing natural products including macahydantoin D and meyeniihydantoin A were prepared in nearly quant. yields from proline Me ester and carbamoylimidazoles I. The reaction of carbamoylimidazoles I with alcs. R³OH and thiols R⁴SH under basic conditions affords carbamates and thiocarbamates, resp., in good yields. Lastly, a method for the preparation of chiral oxazolidinone heterocycles III from chiral epoxy alcs. IV is demonstrated using a double displacement approach. The reactions occur with high regio- and stereoselectivity (dr ≥ 15:1 by ¹H NMR) via a domino attack of the corresponding alkoxides with carbamoylimidazoles followed by an intramol. attack of the in situ generated urea anion at the proximal position of the epoxide group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5COA of Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts