Tag: 100-200

Creatinine recognition using designed synthetic receptors was written by Jana, Subrata;Prajapati, Sunita;Suryavanshi, Kishor Kumar;Goswami, Shyamaprosad;Parida, Rakesh;Giri, Santanab. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

A series of neutral nonenzymic receptors have been synthesized for the recognition of creatinine in a nondegrative way. The receptors contain different heterocyclic moieties for better interactions between host and guest. Among these, 1, 4, and 5 are fluorescent receptors for creatinine. From this study, it was found that the receptors 1 and 4 containing the naphthyridine moiety have higher binding affinity to the guest creatinine than receptors containing other heterocyclic moiety. Theor. studies for the calculation of binding energy were carried out using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for the hosts and their complexation with creatinine in both gas phase and acetonitrile medium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Application In Synthesis of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of drying methods on the yield and chemistry of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil was written by Caputo, Lucia;Amato, Giuseppe;de Bartolomeis, Pietro;De Martino, Laura;Manna, Francesco;Nazzaro, Filomena;De Feo, Vincenzo;Barba, Anna Angela. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H16O This article mentions the following:

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is mainly cultivated, both as fresh and dried herb, for several purposes, such as ailments, drugs, and spices. To evaluate the influence of some drying methods on the chem. composition of the essential oil of oregano, its aerial parts were dehydrated by convective drying techniques (shade, static oven), microwave-assisted heating (three different treatments) and osmotic treatment. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The highest essential oil yield was achieved from microwave and shade drying methods. In total, 39 components were found, with carvacrol (ranging from 56.2 to 81.4%) being the main constituent; other compounds present in lower amounts were p-cymene (1.6-17.7%), γ-terpinene (0.8-14.2%), α-pinene (0.1-2.1%), thymol Me ether (0.4-1.8%) and thimoquinone (0.5-3.5%). The essential oil yields varied among the different treatments as well as the relative compositions The percentages of p-cymene, γ-terpinene and α-pinene decreased significantly in the dried sample compared with the fresh sample; on the other hand, carvacrol, isoborneol and linalool increased significantly in the dried materials. The choice of the drying method for obtaining the essential oil therefore appears crucial not only in relation to the higher yield but also and above all in reference to the percentage presence of components that can direct the essential oil toward an appropriate use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Synthetic Route of C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of microbial intolerances and ruminal dysbiosis towards different dietary carbohydrate sources using an in vitro model was written by Kheirandish, Parisa;Petri, Renee Maxine;Sener-Aydemir, Arife;Schwartz-Zimmermann, Heidi Elisabeth;Berthiller, Franz;Zebeli, Qendrim;Pacifico, Catia. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2022.Reference of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to characterize the critical points for determining the development of dysbiosis associated with feed intolerances and ruminal acidosis. A metabologenomics approach was used to characterize dynamic microbial and metabolomics shifts using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) by feeding native cornstarch (ST), chem. modified cornstarch (CMS), or sucrose (SU). SU and CMS elicited the most drastic changes as rapidly as 4 h after feeding. This was accompanied by a swift accumulation of D-lactate, and the decline of benzoic and malonic acid. A consistent increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus as well as a decrease in fibrolytic bacteria was observed for both CMS and ST after 24 h, indicating intolerances within the fiber degrading populations. However, an increase in Lactobacillus was already evident in SU after 8 h. An inverse relationship between Fibrobacter and Bifidobacterium was observed in ST. In fact, Fibrobacter was pos. correlated with several short-chain fatty acids, while Lactobacillus was pos. correlated with lactic acid, hexoses, hexose-phosphates, pentose phosphate pathway (PENTOSE-P-PWY), and heterolactic fermentation (P122-PWY). The feeding of sucrose and modified starches, followed by native cornstarch, had a strong disruptive effect in the ruminal microbial community. Feed intolerances were shown to develop at different rates based on the availability of glucose for ruminal microorganisms. These results can be used to establish patterns of early dysbiosis (biomarkers) and develop strategies for preventing undesirable shifts in the ruminal microbial ecosystem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Reference of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of SCH446211 (SCH6): A New Ketoamide Inhibitor of the HCV NS3 Serine Protease and HCV Subgenomic RNA Replication was written by Bogen, Stephane L.;Arasappan, Ashok;Bennett, Frank;Chen, Kevin;Jao, Edwin;Liu, Yi-Tsung;Lovey, Raymond G.;Venkatraman, Srikanth;Pan, Weidong;Parekh, Tajel;Pike, Russel E.;Ruan, Sumei;Liu, Rong;Baroudy, Bahige;Agrawal, Sony;Chase, Robert;Ingravallo, Paul;Pichardo, John;Prongay, Andrew;Brisson, Jean-Marc;Hsieh, Tony Y.;Cheng, Kuo-Chi;Kemp, Scott J.;Levy, Odile E.;Lim-Wilby, Marguerita;Tamura, Susan Y.;Saksena, Anil K.;Girijavallabhan, Viyyoor;Njoroge, F. George. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Introduction of various modified prolines at P₂ and optimization of the P₁ side chain led to the discovery of SCH6 (24, Table 2), a potent ketoamide inhibitor of the HCV NS3 serine protease. In addition to excellent enzyme potency (K_i*= 3.8 nM), 24 was also found to be a potent inhibitor of HCV subgenomic RNA replication with IC₅₀ and IC₉₀ of 40 and 100 nM, resp. Recently, antiviral activity of 24 was demonstrated with inhibition of the full-length genotype 2a HCV genome. In addition, 24 was found to restore the responsiveness of the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) in cells containing HCV RNA replicons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Site-Selective C-S Bond Formation at C-Br over C-OTf and C-Cl Enabled by an Air-Stable, Easily Recoverable, and Recyclable Palladium(I) Catalyst was written by Scattolin, Thomas;Senol, Erdem;Yin, Guoyin;Guo, Qianqian;Schoenebeck, Franziska. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Reference of 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

This report widens the repertoire of emerging Pd^I catalysis to carbon-heteroatom, i.e., C-S bond formation. While Pd⁰-catalyzed protocols may suffer from the formation of poisonous sulfide-bound off-cycle intermediates and lack of selectivity, the mechanistically diverse Pd^I catalysis concept circumvents these challenges and allows for C-S bond formation (S-aryl and S-alkyl) of a wide range of aryl halides. Site-selective thiolations of C-Br sites in the presence of C-Cl and C-OTf were achieved in a general and a priori predictable fashion. Computational, spectroscopic, x-ray, and reactivity data support dinuclear Pd^I catalysis to be operative. Contrary to air-sensitive Pd⁰, the active Pd^I species was easily recovered in the open atm. and subjected to multiple rounds of recycling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Reference of 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Determination of terpin hydrate in elixirs by gas chromatography was written by Kurlansik, Leon;Damon, Carolyn;Klein, Hannah;Salim, Edward F.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1967.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

The determination of terpin hydrate by gas chromatographic anal. (CA 67: 94052b) has been extended to the assay of terpin hydrate in official elixirs after isolation of the drug in relatively pure form. The procedure is an improvement over existing methods in specificity and reproducibility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design and Synthesis of Basic Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders for Endocrine Therapy Resistant Breast Cancer was written by Lu, Yunlong;Gutgesell, Lauren M.;Xiong, Rui;Zhao, Jiong;Li, Yangfeng;Rosales, Carlo I.;Hollas, Michael;Shen, Zhengnan;Gordon-Blake, Jesse;Dye, Katherine;Wang, Yueting;Lee, Sue;Chen, Hu;He, Donghong;Dubrovyskyii, Oleksii;Zhao, Huiping;Huang, Fei;Lasek, Amy W.;Tonetti, Debra A.;Thatcher, Gregory R. J.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

The clin. steroidal selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), fulvestrant, is effective in metastatic breast cancer, but limited by poor pharmacokinetics, prompting the development of orally bioavailable, nonsteroidal SERDs, currently in clin. trials. These trials address local breast cancer as well as peripheral metastases, but patients with brain metastases are generally excluded because of the lack of blood-brain barrier penetration. A novel family of benzothiophene SERDs with a basic amino side arm (B-SERDs) was synthesized. Proteasomal degradation of ERα was induced by B-SERDs that achieved the objectives of oral and brain bioavailability, while maintaining high affinity binding to ERα and both potency and efficacy comparable to fulvestrant in cell lines resistant to endocrine therapy or bearing ESR1 mutations. A novel 3-oxyazetidine side chain was designed, leading to 37d, a B-SERD that caused endocrine-resistant ER+ tumors to regress in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3HPLC of Formula: 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

2,3-Dihydroanthra(1,2-b)(1,4)oxazine-7,12-diones. Dyes for synthetic polymer fibers was written by Peters, A. T.;Ma, Xisai. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 1993.Product Details of 42514-50-1 This article mentions the following:

Condensation of 2-bromo-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone with 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol affords 2-[1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethylamino]-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (I), which is then converted under more stringent reaction conditions into the 2,3-dihydroanthra[1,2-b]([,4]oxazine-7,12-dione (II). II has two resolved maximum at 20 and 60 nm longer wavelength than I and gives deep violet-red colorations of excellent fastness to light on polyester. Similar reactions with analogous amino alcs. are also reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1Product Details of 42514-50-1).

3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 42514-50-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Essential oils as natural root-repellent herbicides for drip irrigation systems was written by Balboul, Tal;Ophir, Amos;Dotan, Ana. And the article was included in Polymers for Advanced Technologies in 2022.Related Products of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

The increasing use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture creates severe ecol. and environmental threats. Several essential oils (EOs) (Thymol, Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Eugenol) were investigated as natural herbicides, and their potential use as a substitute for synthetic and toxic chems. for preventing roots intrusion in subsurface drip irrigation systems. To overcome their high volatility and to increase their thermal stability during processing, multiphase hybrid blends based on polymer/nanoclays (NCs) were prepared, enabling control of the EOs migration rate from the final active film. Germination experiments on mash bean seeds in open and closed systems have been conducted to evaluate the EOs efficacy as germination inhibitors. The amount of EO remaining in the films, after processing and for varying timepoints, was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy through extraction From these two experiment’s results, we identified Thymol as the most effective herbicide. The effects of polymers/Thymol affinity and organoclay polarity were investigated to achieve a slow-release effect. Linear low-d. polyethylene/polyamide 6 system showed better efficiency compared to the linear low-d. polyethylene in retaining Thymol during processing due to the thermodn. affinity of the polyamide 6 phase with Thymol. NCs have been found to be nuclear foci during the first thermal process to obtain smaller highly surface voids allowing better absorption of the Thymol during the second thermal processing. NC Cloisite 15A showed better dispersion in the polymer matrix and improved chem. affinity between the nanocomposite and the Thymol. As a result, Thymol’s desorption was delayed and a controlled release was obtained. Eventually, it was concluded that Thymol could be a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic herbicides and use as root-repellent agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Related Products of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters via Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sonogashira Coupling Reactions with gem-Dihaloketones and α-Bromo-γ-lactams was written by Mo, Xueling;Huang, Han;Zhang, Guozhu. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

The construction of chiral tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters is an ongoing challenge in synthetic organic chem. due to its prevalence in multiple disciplines. One efficient approach is the catalytic asym. C-C coupling reactions of a readily available racemic tertiary alkyl electrophile by simple organic nucleophiles. While a variety of secondary alkyl halides succeeded in asym. Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reactions with diverse alkynes, tertiary alkyl halides have rarely been used in this kind of coupling reaction. Herein, tertiary bromides can serve as efficient coupling partners in copper/bisoxazoline Ph amine (BOPA)-catalyzed asym. alkynylation is demonstrated, leading to synthetically and medicinally valuable tertiary C-F stereocenters and all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts