Tag: 100-200

Applications of Ruthenium Hydride Borohydride Complexes Containing Phosphinite and Diamine Ligands to Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions was written by Guo, Rongwei;Chen, Xuanhua;Elpelt, Christian;Song, Datong;Morris, Robert H.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2005.COA of Formula: C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

A series of novel trans-ruthenium hydride borohydride complexes with chiral phosphinite and diamine ligands were synthesized. They can be used in the asym. transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones, including base-sensitive ones, to give chiral alcs. in moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee). They are also efficient catalysts for the Michael addition of malonates to enones with enantioselectivities of up to 90%. This kind of catalyst allows a one-pot tandem Michael addition/H₂ hydrogenation protocol to build structures with multiple chiral centers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9COA of Formula: C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.COA of Formula: C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bimetallic CoMoO₄@C nanorod catalyzes one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from benzyl alcohol and o-phenylendiamine without alkali was written by Xiong, Yucong;Wang, Kaizhi;Ma, Lei;Zhu, Jiukang;Miao, Yujia;Gong, Li;Mu, Xiao;Wan, Jiang;Li, Rong. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

Benzimidazoles possess a series of applications for industrial chem. and biomedicine. However, the complicated synthetic steps and harsh reaction conditions limit its further development. Herein, authors reported an efficient, environmentally friendly, and stable bimetallic CoMoO4@C catalyst, which used low-cost cobalt and molybdenum as the basic raw material. In base-free conditions, it has been proved that the yield could achieve to 99.9% for the synthesis of benzimidazoles with liberating water as the sole byproduct, and the catalyst remains stable and efficient even after five successive cycle tests. Addnl., experiments and characterizations confirm the good oxidation activity of the catalyst benefits from the numerous oxygen vacancies provided by the high concentration of low-valent cobalt (Co²⁺) and the doping of carbon improves the intermol. transport of electrons. Furthermore, this strategy could potentially be applied in the industrial production of benzimidazoles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Formula: C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Slow glycosylation: Activation of trichloroacetimidates under mild conditions using lithium salts and the role of counterions was written by Korber, Nora Katharina;Pedersen, Christian Marcus. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Glycosylations were carried out with the two glycosyl donors 4-O-acetyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-O-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranose and 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-O-trichloro-acetimidoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranose in combination with the two alcs. 1-adamantanol and L-menthol as model glycosyl acceptors. As catalysts, the five lithium salts LiNTf₂, LiI, LiClO₄, LiPF₆ and LiOTf were investigated. We demonstrated that both lithium and the resp. counterions are playing a role in the activation of trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors at rt. Under these very mild conditions, the glycosylations are slow and completed in two to eight days. Depending on the counterion, the rate and yield of the reaction differs; however, the selectivity of all investigated lithium salts is deficient. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Recommanded Product: 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bioscreening and pre-clinical evaluation of the impact of bioactive molecules from Ptychotis verticillata on the multilineage potential of mesenchymal stromal cells towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases was written by Bouhtit, Fatima;Najar, Mehdi;Rahmani, Saida;Melki, Rahma;Najimi, Mustapha;Sadki, Khalid;Boukhatem, Noreddine;Twizere, Jean-Claude;Meuleman, Nathalie;Lewalle, Philippe;Lagneaux, Laurence;Merimi, Makram. And the article was included in Inflammation Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently used in cell reparative medicine due to their trophic and ant-inflammatory properties. The modulation of stem cell properties by phytochems. has been suggested as a tool to empower their tissue repair capacity. In vitro, MSCs are characterized by their tri-lineage potential that holds great interest for tissue regeneration. Ptychotis Verticillata (PV), an aromatic and medicinal plant, may be thus used to modulate the in vitro multilineage potential of MSCs. We screened the impact of PV-derived essential oil and their bioactive mols. (thymol and carvacrol) on the in vitro multilineage potential of MSCs. Different concentrations and incubation times of these compounds were assessed during the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs. The anal. of 75 conditions indicates that these compounds are biol. active by promoting two major differentiation lineages from MSCs. In a time- and dose-dependent manner, thymol and carvacrol increased the osteogenesis and adipogenesis. According to these preliminary observations, the addition of PV extract may stimulate the tissue regenerative and repair functions of MSCs. Further optimization of compound extraction and characterization from PV as well as cell treatment conditions should increase their therapeutic value in combination with MSCs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Recommanded Product: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones: A remarkable additive effect on enantioselectivity was written by Du, Tian;Wang, Biwen;Wang, Chao;Xiao, Jianliang;Tang, Weijun. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2021.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

A chiral cobalt pincer complex, when combined with an achiral electron-rich mono-phosphine ligand, catalyzes efficient asym. hydrogenation of a wide range of aryl ketones, affording chiral alcs. with high yields and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (29 examples, up to 93% ee). Notably, the achiral mono-phosphine ligand showed a remarkable effect on the enantioselectivity of the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lignin. LII. The constitution of dehydrodiisoeugenol and its importance for the chemistry of lignin was written by Freudenberg, Karl;Richtzenhain, Hermann. And the article was included in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie in 1942.SDS of cas: 1634-34-0 This article mentions the following:

The operations of methylation, the action of hot alkali and oxidation produce from lignin, Erdtman acid (I) and the amorphous dehydration product from coniferyl alc. (II) (by the action of FeCl₃) veratric acid and a small amount of isohempinic acid, the formation of which results from the cleavage of a coumaran or chroman ring. The agreement of conclusive reactions of lignin and I (a coumaronecarboxylic acid) leads to the conclusion that, as in the case of the dehydration of isoeugenol, the dehydration of II gives, at least in part, a coumaran ring. The formula for dehydrodiisoeugenol (III) proposed by Erdtman is proved. The compound IV was cleaved with K in liquid NH₃ (cf. C. A. 36, 5144.1) and methylated with Me₂SO₄ in 20% NaOH, giving a pale yellow oil, b_0.01 145-50°; boiling with AcOHHBr for 4 h. in a N atm. gives 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,3-dihydroxy-5-propylphenyl)propane (V), m. 131°. V was synthesized as follows. 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-allylbenzaldehyde (Claisen and Eisleb, C. A. 8, 64) on catalytic reduction (Pd-BaSO₄ in AcOH) gives 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-propylbenzaldehyde, intense yellow oil, b₁₀ 155° (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, red needles, m. 223°). Me₂SO₄ in 10% NaOH at 80° gives 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylbenzaldehyde (VI), b₁₀ 155-6° (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, red needles, m. 202°). VI (70 g.), 70 g. hippuric acid, 32 g. anhydrous AcONa and 120 cc. Ac₂O, heated 2.5 h. on the water bath, give 72 g. of the azlactone, fiery yellow, m. 158-9°; boiling with 350 cc. 10% NaOH for 5 h. gives 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylphenylpyruvic acid, m. 130-1°, which is isolated through the NaHSO₃ compound; 100 cc. 6% H₂O₂ and the acid in about 600 cc. NaHCO₃ at -5° give 39.5 g. (83% of the azlactone) of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylphenylacetic acid (VII), m. 93-4°. The acid chloride from 10 g. VII (using 32 cc. SOCl₂ for 2.5 h. at 60°) and 16 g. of veratrole in 40 cc. CS₂ with 11.2 g. AlCl₃, warmed 2 h. at 60°, give 6.35 g. of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylbenzyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl ketone, m. 87-8°; warming of the crude ketone with 1.2 g. Na in 20 cc. absolute MeOH, removal of the MeOH, addition of 15 cc. C₆H₆ and 10 cc. MeI and heating of the mixture on the water bath for 5 h. gives 1-keto-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylphenyl)propane, m. 101°; Clemmensen reduction and demethylation give V; the yield is poor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0SDS of cas: 1634-34-0).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 1634-34-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bubble-injection-enabled significant reduction of supercooling and controllable triggering of crystallization of erythritol for medium-temperature thermal energy storage was written by Yang, Sheng;Shao, Xue-Feng;Shi, Hong-Yi;Luo, Jia-Hao;Fan, Li-Wu. And the article was included in Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Erythritol, having a nominal m.p. of ~118°C, has been considered a candidate phase change material (PCM) for medium-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) due to its large latent heat of fusion (~330 kJ/kg). However, it suffers from severe supercooling effect, up to several tens of °C, upon crystallization by cooling, which remains to be a critical issue for its application. Here we propose a novel method of injection of gas bubbles into subcooled liquid erythritol to facilitate the nucleation of erythritol crystals, so as to reduce its degree of supercooling. Using this method, we obtained successfully an unprecedented reduction of the degree of supercooling of erythritol down to only 5°C, which is much lower than those achieved by other conventional methods like adding a nucleating agent or ultrasonication. As a bonus, the latent heat of crystallization was found to be greatly increased by nearly 50%, from 218.2 kJ/kg to 322.3 kJ/kg. The injection of bubbles also enables an effective way for actively triggering the crystallization of erythritol in a controllable manner. Our results showed that by changing the injecting timing of bubbles, crystallization can always be triggered immediately with only the crystallization point being varied over a wide range. The injection of bubbles is thus deemed to be a highly-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable method for addressing the supercooling issue of erythritol, and other similar PCMs with deep supercooling, making it more promising for TES applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A novel composite edible film fabricated by incorporating W/O/W emulsion into a chitosan film to improve the protection of fresh fish meat was written by Yuan, Dongdong;Hao, Xu;Liu, Guorong;Yue, Ying;Duan, Jiaojiao. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

A novel edible composite film constructed by incorporating W1/O/W2 emulsion (W1: aqueous solution of nisin; W2: water; oil phase: carvacrol) into chitosan film was characterized. Influences of preparing parameters on properties, especially stability, of primary and double emulsions were evaluated, and more persistent antibacterial activity was achieved. The films tension strength was increased by incorporating double emulsion at low concentration, but its oxygen permeability increased after this incorporation. The composite film displayed significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria. SEM showed a sign of aggregation of some emulsion droplets near the surface of the composite film. FTIR found no pronounced interaction between the added active agents and chitosan. TGA proved that the double emulsion helped to increase the thermal stability of the film at high temperature Coating salmon fillets with the composite film significantly increased the shelf life of fish fillets, demonstrating optimal potency in preserving fish fillets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Inhibition of Clostridium histolyticum collagenases by phosphonamide peptide inhibitors was written by Dive, Vincent;Yiotakis, Athanasios;Nicolaou, Anna;Toma, Flavio. And the article was included in European Journal of Biochemistry in 1990.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Several phosphonamide peptides having the general structure R-PO(OH)-Xaa-Yaa-Zaa were synthesized and tested for inhibition of C. histolyticum collagenase. Inhibition depended on the nature of R, Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa such that the maximal affinity (K_i = 5 nM) was observed when R = p-nitrophenylethyl, Xaa = Gly, Yaa = Pro, and Zaa = 2-aminohexanoic acid; this represents the tightest binding of inhibitor reported to date for any bacterial collagenase. Substitution of the p-nitrophenylethyl by a Me group led to a 500-fold decrease of the potency, highlighting the existence of optimal interaction between the nitrophenylethyl side chain and one subsite of the enzyme. Replacement of the NH group in glycine residue (Xaa position) by -O- or -N-CH₃ produces significantly less potent inhibitors, presumably due in part to the loss of a H bond between the inhibitor and collagenase active site. These phosphonamidates are thought to be acting as transition-state analogs of the peptide substrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of Narlaprevir (SCH 900518): A Potent, Second Generation HCV NS3 Serine Protease Inhibitor was written by Arasappan, Ashok;Bennett, Frank;Bogen, Stephane L.;Venkatraman, Srikanth;Blackman, Melissa;Chen, Kevin X.;Hendrata, Siska;Huang, Yuhua;Huelgas, Regina M.;Nair, Latha;Padilla, Angela I.;Pan, Weidong;Pike, Russell;Pinto, Patrick;Ruan, Sumei;Sannigrahi, Mousumi;Velazquez, Francisco;Vibulbhan, Bancha;Wu, Wanli;Yang, Weiying;Saksena, Anil K.;Girijavallabhan, Viyyoor;Shih, Neng-Yang;Kong, Jianshe;Meng, Tao;Jin, Yan;Wong, Jesse;McNamara, Paul;Prongay, Andrew;Madison, Vincent;Piwinski, John J.;Cheng, Kuo-Chi;Morrison, Richard;Malcolm, Bruce;Tong, Xiao;Ralston, Robert;Njoroge, F. George. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

Boceprevir (SCH 503034), 1, a novel HCV NS3 serine protease inhibitor discovered in our laboratories, is currently undergoing phase III clin. trials. Detailed investigations toward a second generation protease inhibitor culminated in the discovery of narlaprevir (SCH 900518), 37, with improved potency (∼10-fold over 1), pharmacokinetic profile and physicochem. characteristics, currently in phase II human trials. Exploration of synthetic sequence for preparation of 37 resulted in a route that required no silica gel purification for the entire synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2HPLC of Formula: 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts