Tag: 100-200

Reconstructing polyamide with nucleophilic catalyst for enhancing reverse osmosis membrane performance was written by Wu, Haowen;Liu, Yingying;Wang, Chong;Li, Xu;Wang, Zhi;Wang, Jixiao. And the article was included in Desalination in 2022.Related Products of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

In this work, the permselectivity of PA RO membrane was significantly improved by treating the PA layer with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) aqueous solution With the assistance of DMAP, more residues in PA layer released during water soaking, unblocking the water channel in the PA layer. DMAP could also catalyze the reaction between the low activity amino groups and acyl chloride groups in PA, thereby reconstructing the resultant PA layer of RO membranes, generating a highly hydrophilic and neg. charged neonatal PA layer in-situ, and enhancing PA main part crosslinking. These factors were beneficial to membrane permselectivity. Consequently, the selectivity of the DMAP modified membrane could be increased by 62% at most (21594) with a 90% increase in permeance (3.37 L.m^-2.h^-1.bar^-1) compared with those of the virgin membrane (13,294, 1.78 L.m^-2.h^-1.bar^-1). This work provides a facile and low-cost strategy for preparing advanced RO membrane with outstanding permselectivity, exhibiting the potential for industrial application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Related Products of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nano-silica melamine trisulfonic acid as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst in esterification reactions was written by Javaherian, Mohammad;Latifi, Saeideh;Heidarizadeh, Fariba. And the article was included in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

The use of nano-silica melamine trisulfonic acid as a reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst in the esterification reaction of carboxylic acids and alcs. is reported. The reaction conditions were optimized by testing temperature, each component of catalyst, feedstock ratios as well as load of catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric anal. techniques. The results showed that nano-silica melamine trisulfonic acid was an efficient dehydrating agent in the condensing reactions between different kinds of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids and alcs. The method was simple, rapid, straightforward, catalyst reusability, and holds potential for further application in acid-catalyzed organic synthesis and industrial requirements. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6COA of Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cheap and environmentally sustainable stereoselective arylketones reduction by Lactobacillus reuteri whole cells was written by Perna, F. M.;Ricci, M. A.;Scilimati, A.;Mena, M. C.;Pisano, I.;Palmieri, L.;Agrimi, G.;Vitale, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic in 2016.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Various Lactobacillus reuteri strains were investigated as whole cell catalysts for the bioreduction of acetophenone into optically active (R)-1-phenylethanol. L. reuteri DSM 20016 strain gave an almost complete substrate conversion, in a short reaction time and enantiomeric excess up to 99%. The acetophenone bioreduction was used as a model reaction to optimize temperature and reducing equivalent source (glucose, lactose, cheese way and lignocellulosic hydrolyzates) to accomplish the biotransformation. The reduction of acetophenones into optically active (R)-1-arylethanols was also exploited to study L. reuteri DSM 20016 substrate specificity. In most of the cases, optically active (R)-1-arylethanols have been obtained with both excellent chem. and optical yields and with (R)-enantiopreference, through a cheap, simple and efficient process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemometric analysis of the seasonal variation in the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of a new geraniol chemotype of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson from the Brazilian Amazon was written by Barros, Luana de Sousa Peixoto;Santos da Cruz, Ellen de Nazare;de Araujo Guimaraes, Bruna;Setzer, William N.;Veras Mourao, Rosa Helena;do Rosario da Silva, Joyce Kelly;Silva da Costa, Jamile;Baia Figueiredo, Pablo Luis. And the article was included in Biochemical Systematics and Ecology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson is an aromatic shrub native and not endemic to Brazil, popularly known as lemon balm, and widely used throughout Brazil in folk medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic parameters on the yield, radical-scavenging, and chem. composition of the L. alba essential oil. The specimen was collected monthly from August/2021 to May/2022. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and GC-MS analyzed their chem. composition Chemometric analyses were performed to verify the climatic influences on the yields, chem. composition, and radical-scavenging apacity on L. alba EOs. The radical-scavenging capacity was performed by the DPPH radical-scavenging method. The lowest oil yield was obtained in Oct. (0.6%) and the highest in March (2.2%). The average yields in the dry season (August-Feb., 1.1 ± 0.3%) did not show a statistical difference with the rainy season (Apr.-May, 1.7 ± 0.5%). On the other hand, there was a strong and significant correlation between oil yields and humidity (r = 0.79), precipitation (r = 0.77) and insolation (r = -0.76). Oxygenated monoterpenoids (44.4-66.8%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (11.1-26.4%) were predominant in the EOs. The major constituents in the EO were geraniol (21.0-46.9%, average 37.5 ± 8.0%) and elemol (9.0-22.2%). The average amounts of geraniol in the dry season (37.9 ± 5.8%) did not show statistical difference with the rainy season (36.5 ± 13.7%). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between geraniol and elemol amounts with climatic parameters. The PCA anal. showed a separation between the samples from the dry and rainy seasons, and classified them into three groups: groups I and III (rainy season) and group II (dry season). Geraniol standard content showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.52) with antioxidant capacity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effectiveness and Clinical Performance of Erythritol Air-Polishing in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. was written by Onisor, Florin;Mester, Alexandru;Mancini, Leonardo;Voina-Tonea, Andrada. And the article was included in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) in 2022.Related Products of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Background and objectives: The purpose of the present systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of erythritol-based air-polishing in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Materials and methods: The protocol details were registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021267261). This review was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines. The electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find relevant clinical trials published until January 2022. The inclusion criteria consisted of human clinical trials which reported the use of non-surgical periodontal treatment and erythritol air-polishing compared to non-surgical periodontal treatment alone in patients with good systemic health requiring treatment for periodontal disease. Results: 810 studies were imported into the Covidence Platform. Of these, seven clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. In active periodontal therapy, for PD (probing depth), CAL (clinical attachment level), and BOP (bleeding on probing), no statistical significance was achieved at 6 months follow-up. In supportive periodontal therapy for PD, CAL, and BOP, no statistical significance was achieved at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions: The findings suggest that erythritol air-polishing powder did not determine superior improvements of periodontal parameters compared to other non-surgical periodontal therapies. Future randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with calibrated protocols for diagnosis, therapeutic approaches, and longer follow-up are needed to draw a clear conclusion about the efficiency of erythritol air-polishing powder. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Related Products of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Well-Defined NNS-Mn Complex Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of C-3 Alkylated Indoles and Bisindolylmethanes Using Alcohols was written by Mondal, Avijit;Sharma, Rahul;Dutta, Bishal;Pal, Debjyoti;Srimani, Dipankar. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Computed Properties of C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

Herein, Mn-catalyzed selective C-3 functionalization of indoles with alcs was demonstrated. The developed catalyst can also furnish bis(indolyl)methanes from the same set of substrates under slightly modified reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the C-3 functionalization of indoles was going via a borrowing hydrogen pathway. To highlight the practical utility, a diverse range of substrates including nine structurally important drug mols. were synthesized. Furthermore, a one-pot cascade strategy for synthesizing C-3 functionalized indoles directly from 2-aminophenyl ethanol and alc. was also introduced. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Computed Properties of C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Directed β C-H Amination of Alcohols via Radical Relay Chaperones was written by Wappes, Ethan A.;Nakafuku, Kohki M.;Nagib, David A.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Application of 94022-96-5 This article mentions the following:

A radical-mediated strategy for β C-H amination of alcs. has been developed. This approach employs a radical relay chaperone, which serves as a traceless director that facilitates selective C-H functionalization via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and enables net incorporation of ammonia at the β carbon of alcs. The chaperones presented herein enable direct access to imidate radicals, allowing their first use for H atom abstraction. A streamlined protocol enables rapid conversion of alcs. to their β-amino analogs (via in situ conversion of alcs. to imidates, directed C-H amination, and hydrolysis to NH₂). Mechanistic experiments indicate HAT is rate-limiting, whereas intramol. amination is product- and stereo-determining In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Application of 94022-96-5).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 94022-96-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bench-stable potassium complexes for living and isoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide was written by Ren, Fangping;Li, Xinlei;Xian, Ji;Han, Xinning;Cao, Luya;Pan, Xiaobo;Wu, Jincai. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

To develop bench-stable and nontoxic catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactides is of importance with the aim of reducing costs in industrial production Although, recently, some potassium complexes have been reported for the living polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA), the moisture sensitivities of these complexes prevent their further applications in the mild polymerization condition. In this work, three bench-stable potassium phenolates as isoselective catalysts for the ROP of rac-LA were reported, and the moisture stability of these complexes does not inhibit their high activity under mild conditions even in the presence of trace water (2.0 equiv relative to the catalysts) or unpurified solvents. The controllable polymerization reactions can afford polylactides with desirable mol. weights, which can be high up to M_n = 80.0 kg/mol at an anhydrous condition and M_n = 54.3 kg/mol in presence of trace water. A best isoselectivity of P_m = 0.83 also can be achieved in this system at -70°C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6HPLC of Formula: 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Search for chemotherapeutic amidines. XIII. α,ω-Bis(p-amidinophenoxy)alkenes and -alkynes was written by Ashley, J. N.;MacDonald, R. D.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1957.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Some α,ω-bis(p-amidinophenoxy)alkenes and -alkynes and their nuclear substituted derivatives were prepared for comparison with the saturated analogs. They had no value as trypanocides. Concentrated H₂SO₄ (2.9 cc.) added in one portion to 498 g. 4-bromo-2-methylphenol in 325 cc. Ac₂O and the mixture refluxed 2 hrs. gave 562 g. 4-bromo-2-methylphenyl acetate (I), colorless oil, b₁₂ 132°. CuCN (145 g.) was added during 0.5 hr. to 100 cc. dry C₅H₅N at 90° (the internal temperature rose to 140°), the mixture stirred 10 min. longer and 275 g. I added, the bath temperature raised rapidly to 200° (an endothermic reaction occurred), and the mixture heated 3 hrs. at 228-30° and distilled at 60-170°/20-30 mm. This distillate poured on ice and concentrated HCl gave 177 g. 4-cyano-2-methylphenyl acetate (II), m. 75-6°. Hydrolysis of II gave 87% 4-cyano-2-methylphenol, m. 93-5°, b₁₂ 180-2°. 1,4-Dichloro-2-butyne (III) (70%), b₁₀ 52-2.5°, 1,4-dibromobut-2-yne (IV) (85%), and 1,6-dibromohexa-2,4-diyne (V) (79%), m. 18-19°, were prepared by recorded methods. cis-1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butene (b₁₅ 128-30°) gave 54% cis-dibromide (VI), b_0.8 33.5-4.0°. VI heated with a trace of iodine 1 hr. at 130-40° gave the trans isomer, plates, m. 52-3.5° (from ligroine). [2,4-R(NC)C₆H₃]₂X (VII) were prepared by the following methods: (A) an alc. solution of the cyanophenol (2.2 moles) followed by 1 mole IV added to 2.2 moles Na in dry alc. (20 cc. per g. of Na), the mixture refluxed overnight, cooled, and filtered, the residue washed with H₂O, and recrystallized gave VII; (B) 22 g. V was added to a stirred suspension of 17.2 g. NaHCO₃ in 24.3 g. p-cyanophenol in 100 cc. Me₂CO, the mixture refluxed overnight, cooled, filtered, and the residue washed with H₂O, and crystallized from AcOH; (C) 1 mole III refluxed overnight with 2.2 moles of the cyanophenol in 2.2 mole KOH and alc. gave VII (substituents X and R, method, % yield, m.p. given): (OCH₂C)₂, H, A, 60, 159-61°; (OCH₂C)₂, Me, A, 40, 166-7°; (OCH₂C)₂, Cl, C, 54, 224-6°; (OCH₂C)₂, Br, C, 50, 220-2°; (OCH₂C)₂, H, B, 49, 195-7°; trans-OCH₂CH:CHCH₂O, H, A, 70, 204-6°; trans-OCH₂CH:CHCH₂O, Cl, C, 61, 207-9°. VII suspended or dissolved in the appropriate alc., and the mixture saturated with HCl at 0-10°, the diimidoate di-HCl salts gradually formed, and after several days collected, dried, and heated 5-6 hrs. at 50-60° with saturated alt. NH₃ gave the following α,ω-bis(p-amidinophenoxy)alkenes and alkynes {4,2-R[H₂NC(:NH)]C₆H₃}₂X (substituents X and R, salt, alc. (and diluent) used in preparation of diimidoate, solvent for crystallization, m.p. given): (OCH₂C)₂, H, 2HCl.2H₂O, alc. (CHCl₃), MeOH-OCMe₂, 245-7°; (OCH₂C)₂, Me, 2Me₂SO₃H, alc. (CHCl₃), MeOH, 308-10°; (OCH₂C)₂, 2HO(CH₂)₂SO₃H.0.5H₂O, Cl, alc. (dioxane), MeOH-Et₂O, 243-5°; (OCH₂C)₂, Br, 2HO(CH₂)₂SO₃H, alc., MeOH, 253-5°; (OCH₂C)₂, H, 2HO(CH₂)₂SO₃H, alc., dilute HO(CH₂)₂SO₃H, 272-4°; trans-OCH₂CH:CHCH₂O, H, 2MeSO₃H, alc. dilute, MeSO₃H, 274-6°; trans-OCH₂CH:CHCH₂O, Cl, 2HO(CH₂)₂SO₃H, HO(CH₂)₂OEt, MeOH, 236-8°. 1,4-Bis(p-amidinophenoxy)-2-butyne di-HCl salt in MeOH was hydrogenated over 10% Pd-CaCO₃ at room temperature until 1 mole H was taken up and the diamidine di-HCl salt converted to the dimethanesulfonate in 70% yield, m. 232-4° (from MeOH). cis-1,4-Bis(4-amidino-2-chlorophenoxy)-2-butene was prepared similarly, and the gummy di-HCl salt which was precipitated by addition of Me₂CO as a powder after trituration with Me₂CO converted to the 2HO(CH₂)₂SO₃H salt, m. 218-20°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile).

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly Chemoselective Ni-Catalyzed Protecting-Group-Free 2,2′-Biphenol Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights was written by Long, Cheng-Yu;Chen, Hao;Ma, Cheng;Zhao, Bo-Wei;Li, Shen-Huan;Cui, Yue;Yang, Xinge;Ni, Shao-Fei;Wang, Xue-Qiang. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, a Ni-catalyzed protecting-group-free C-C coupling protocol is described for the efficient synthesis of 2,2′-biphenol derivatives Its remarkable chemoselectivity control ability, wide substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance highlight this newly developed strategy. Detailed mechanistic studies have demonstrated that potassium tert-butoxide acts as a critical agent to prevent the occurrence of protonation events. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts