Tag: 100-200

Novel anti-Prelog stereospecific carbonyl reductases from Candida parapsilosis for asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was written by Nie, Yao;Xiao, Rong;Xu, Yan;Montelione, Gaetano T.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2011.Formula: C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

The application of biocatalysis to the synthesis of chiral mols. is one of the greenest technologies for the replacement of chem. routes due to its environmentally benign reaction conditions and unparalleled chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivities. We have been interested in searching for carbonyl reductase enzymes and assessing their substrate specificity and stereoselectivity. We now report a gene cluster identified in Candida parapsilosis that consists of four open reading frames including three putative stereospecific carbonyl reductases (scr1, scr2, and scr3) and an alc. dehydrogenase (cpadh). These newly identified three stereospecific carbonyl reductases (SCRs) showed high catalytic activities for producing (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from 2-hydroxyacetophenone with NADPH as the coenzyme. Together with CPADH, all four enzymes from this cluster are carbonyl reductases with novel anti-Prelog stereoselectivity. SCR1 and SCR3 exhibited distinct specificities to acetophenone derivatives and chloro-substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenones, and especially very high activities towards Et 4-chloro-3-oxobutyrate, a β-ketoester with important pharmaceutical potential. Our study also showed that genomic mining is a powerful tool for the discovery of new enzymes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Formula: C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Exploitation of Amine Groups Cooped up in Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes to Achieve High Rejection of Micropollutants and High Permeance of Divalent Cations was written by Gao, Yawei;Wang, Kunpeng;Wang, Xiao-mao;Huang, Xia. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2022.Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

To enhance the use of nanofiltration in the production of quality drinking water, particularly through the efficient removal of micropollutants yet still preserving essential minerals, the targeted nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) are required to have small pore dimensions coupled with a high, net-neg. charge d. Herein, after the formation of a separation layer using piperazine interfacially polymerized with trimesoyl chloride, the exploitation of residual amine groups was systematically investigated by different diacyl chlorides in an organic milieu, which caused the upper part of the final separation layer to be denser and highly neg. charged. Hence, this protocol offers a novel means to fabricate NFMs simultaneously endowed with a low mol. cutoff (MWCO) of 145-238 Da and a reduced rejection of MgCl₂ (48%-80%) as well as a competitive water permeance. Those features are ideally applicable to the goal of removing small micropollutants while preserving mineral ions, as needed for the energy-efficient production of safe, quality drinking water. Furthermore, an attempt was made to correlate MWCO with MgCl₂ rejection, which provides some insights on the nexus of the electrostatic effects constrained by size exclusion. The significance of residual amine groups and the modification environment was unveiled, and this method paves a new avenue for designing functional NFMs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Name: (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Migration of acyl groups in the orcinol series was written by Mauthner, Nandor. And the article was included in Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) in 1942.COA of Formula: C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

1,3,5-C₆H₃Me(OAc)₂ and AlCl₃PhNO₂ at room temperature yield (mainly) 1,3-diketo-2,4-diacetyl-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzene, m. 93-4° (mono-p-nitrophenylhydrazone, m. 225-6°), a little 3,5,1,4-(HO)₂C₆H₂MeCOMe (p-nitrophenylhydrazone, m. 257-8°), and a substance, m. 55-6°, b₁₂ 163-4° (no reaction with p-NO₂C₆H₄NHNH₂). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0COA of Formula: C9H10O3).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C9H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cu(II) Schiff base complex supported on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as an efficient nanocatalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols was written by Aghajani, Milad;Monadi, Niaz. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2018.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A new Cu(II) Schiff base complex supported onto the surface of modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was prepared and used as highly stable, heterogeneous and magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of various primary and secondary alcs. to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The structure, morphol., chem. composition and magnetic property of the nanocatalyst and its precursors were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, AAS, ICP-AES, XRD, SEM, EDS, VSM and N₂ adsorption-desorption anal. Characterization results exhibited the uniform spherical morphol. for nanocatalyst and its precursors. A promising eco-friendly method with short reaction time and high conversion and selectivity for oxidation of various primary and secondary alcs. under O₂ atmosphere condition was achieved. The synthesized nanocatalyst could be recovered easily by applying an external magnetic field and reused for least eight subsequent reaction cycles with only negligible deterioration in catalytic performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric reactions catalyzed by chiral metal complexes. LXVII. Palladium-mediated asymmetric synthesis was written by Sakuraba, Shunji;Odada, Toshimi;Morimoto, Toshiaki;Achiwa, Kazuo. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1995.Computed Properties of C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

A series of (β-N-sulfonylaminoalkyl)phosphine ligands has been developed and employed for asym. palladium-catalyzed hydrosilylation and Heck-type hydroarylation, affording up to 72% ee and 90% yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Computed Properties of C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Furanonyl amino acid derivatives as hemostatic drugs: design, synthesis and hemostasis performance was written by Wang, Neng;Lin, Jian-Yun;Luo, Shi-He;Zhou, Yong-Jun;Yang, Kai;Chen, Ren-Hong;Yang, Guo-Xian;Wang, Zhao-Yang. And the article was included in Amino Acids in 2022.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Using 3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones and easily available hemostatic drugs, such as tranexamic acid (TA), 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid (ABA), aminocaproic acid (AA) as starting materials, serial multi-functional mols. 2(5H)-furanonyl amino acids are designed by the combination of different pharmacophores, and successfully synthesized by a transition metal-free Michael addition-elimination reaction. The reaction is carried out under mild conditions with ethanol-dichloromethane as solvent and only stirring at room temperature for 24 h, and the yield can be up to 91%. All products are well characterized by IR spectroscopy (IR), NMR (NMR), high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS). Ten typical target compounds among them are selected out for the experiments of hemostasis performance by the evaluation of in vitro clot formation model and liver hemorrhage model. The test results show that, their hemostasis effect is better than the original drugs. Especially the target compound G, a TA derivative from 5-borneoloxy-3,4-dibromo-2(5H)-furanone, has the best hemostasis effect among all the tested compounds These obtained target mols. are expected to be used as multi-functional hemostatic drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Amine Organocatalysis of Remote, Chemoselective C(sp³)-H Hydroxylation was written by Hahn, Philip L.;Lowe, Jared M.;Xu, Yubo;Burns, Kevin L.;Hilinski, Michael K.. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Name: (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Authors introduce an organocatalytic approach for oxaziridinium-mediated C-H hydroxylation that employs secondary amines as catalysts. Authors also demonstrate the advantages of this operationally simple catalytic strategy for achieving high yielding and highly selective remote hydroxylation of compounds bearing oxidation-sensitive functional groups such as alcs., ethers, carbamates, and amides. By employing hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent in the absence of water, a proposed hydrogen-bonding effect leads to, among other advantages, as high as ≥99:1 chemoselectivity for remote aliphatic hydroxylation of 2° alcs., an otherwise unsolved synthetic challenge normally complicated by substantial amounts of alc. oxidation Initial studies of the reaction mechanism indicate the formation of an oxaziridinium salt as the active oxidant and a C-H oxidation step that proceeds in a stereospecific manner via concerted insertion or hydrogen atom-transfer/radical rebound. Furthermore, preliminary results indicate that site selectivity can be affected by amine catalyst structure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Name: (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A High-Valent Ru-PCP Pincer Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl Compounds under Molecular Hydrogen was written by Mujahed, Shrouq;Hey-Hawkins, Evamarie;Gelman, Dmitri. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2022.Recommanded Product: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Low-valent metals traditionally dominate the domain of catalytic hydrogenation. However, metal-ligand cooperating (MLC) catalytic systems, operating through heterolytic H-H bond splitting by a Lewis acidic metal and a basic ligand site, do not require an electron-rich metal. On the contrary, high-valent metals that induce weaker back donation facilitate heterolytic bond activation. Here authors report, for the first time, the efficient hydrogenation of carbonyl and carboxyl compounds under mol. hydrogen catalyzed by a structurally well-defined Ru^IV catalyst bearing a bifunctional PCP pincer ligand. The catalyst exhibits reactivity toward mol. hydrogen superior to that of the low-valent analog and allows hydrogen activation even at room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Radioiodinated phenoxyacetic acid derivatives as potential brain imaging agents. I. Efficient synthesis via trimethylsilyl intermediates was written by Ohmomo, Yoshiro;Okuyama, Shinichiro;Magata, Yasuhiro;Ueno, Yoko;Tanaka, Chiaki;Yokoyama, Akira. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1989.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol This article mentions the following:

The usefulness of radioiodination via demetalation of aryltrimethylsilanes is demonstrated. The radioiodination reaction was very rapid and the regiospecific incorporation of radioiodine could be carried out with high radiochem. yields and high radiospecific activity. ¹²⁵I-labeled iodophenoxyacetate derivatives I (R = 2-, 3-, 4-¹²⁵Iodo, R¹,R² = H, Me), iodophenoxyacetamide derivatives II (R = 2-, 3-, 4-¹²⁵Iodo), iodophenoxyethylamino derivatives III (R³ = H, Me), and an iodophenoxyethylpiperazine derivative IV were efficiently synthesized from the aryltrimethylsilyl intermediates, e.g., I and II (R = 2-, 3-, 4-SiMe₃) by this method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Application In Synthesis of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Analysis of the trend of volatile compounds by HS-SPME-GC-MS and the main factors affecting the formation of rancid odor during the oxidation process of infant nutrition package was written by Ge, Liqin;Wu, Yuqin;Zou, Wenhaotian;Mao, Xuejin;Wang, Yuanxing;Du, Jinlin;Zhao, Haibin;Zhu, Chunyan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H16O This article mentions the following:

In this study, headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS was used to analyze the trend of volatile compounds in fresh and oxidative infant nutrition package. Among the volatile compounds, aldehydes and ketones, alcs., lipids, cycloalkenes, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated compound were identified. A total of 65 volatile compounds were detected in the fresh nutrition package, whereas 9 new volatile compounds were detected during the accelerated oxidation process, which was oxidized at 45 °C for 4 wk. The main components of the rancid flavor formed and the relative content of volatile substances gradually changed during the accelerated oxidation process. The volatile substances hexanal, nonanal, and 2-pentylfuran substantially increased. Linalool, α-terpineol, d-limonene, and 1-methoxy-nonane presented an evidently downward trend. The relative content of the newly formed compound 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one during the oxidation process was always large, its relative content initially increased, then decreased, and finally increased again. The formation of rancid flavor of the nutrient package was speculated to have been formed by the interaction of hexanal, nonanal, 2-pentylfuran, and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Synthetic Route of C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Synthetic Route of C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts