Alcohols-buliding-blocks

Yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction as an alternative for zinc oxide to alleviate diarrhea incidence and improve growth performance in weaned pigs was written by Zhang, G.;Zhao, J. B.;Dong, W. X.;Song, X. M.;Lin, G.;Li, D. F.;Zhang, S.. And the article was included in Animal Feed Science and Technology in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether partial or complete replacement of zinc oxide (ZnO) with the mannan-rich fraction (MRF) would maintain or further improve growth performance, and affect diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, serum growth-related hormone level, and intestinal health in weaned pigs. A total of 192 weaned pigs (96 barrows and 96 gilts) with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.84 ± 0.75 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without antibiotics or zinc (Zn) supplementation (CON), ZnO diet (CON + 1600 mg Zn/kg from ZnO), MRF diet (CON + 800 mg MRF com. product/kg) and MFLZ diet (CON + 800 mg MRF com. product/kg and 800 mg Zn/kg from ZnO). Pigs fed the MFLZ diet showed greater (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during day 14-28, while pigs fed MRF and MFLZ diets tended (P = 0.094) to have greater average daily gain (ADG) during the overall period (day 1-28) compared with pigs fed the CON diet. Diarrhea incidences in ZnO, MRF, and MFLZ groups were lower (P < 0.01) than those in the CON group throughout the experiment Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) in the MFLZ group, the ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, and CP was greater (P < 0.05) in both MRF and MFLZ groups. Pigs fed MRF and MFLZ diets had greater serum IGF-I levels (P < 0.05) than pigs fed CON and ZnO diets on day 14. However, ZnO supplementation in diets did not affect nutrients digestibility and serum IGF-I level. Pigs fed ZnO, MRF and MFLZ diets had higher (P < 0.05) acetic acid concentrations in the cecum, while pigs fed the MFLZ diet had higher butyric acid concentrations in the colon compared with those fed the CON diet. Moreover, pigs in the MRF group showed higher (P < 0.05) microbial richness and diversity than pigs in the ZnO group. In conclusion, ZnO and MRF alone or combination pos. impacted intestinal health, thereby alleviating diarrhea incidence and improving growth performance in weaned pigs, with higher nutrient digestibility as seen with MRF supplementation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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The reactions of pyridils and related compounds with alkali. II. The reactivities of several pyridils was written by Oda, Daihei. And the article was included in Nippon Kagaku Zasshi in 1961.Related Products of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

Several diketones were prepared and their reactivities to alkali compared. 3-Pyridyl 3-picolyl ketone (10 g.) in 50 cc. dioxane oxidized with 8.4 g. SeO₂ 5 hrs. gave 6.6 g. 3,3′-pyridil (VII), m. 79-80°. 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde was treated with KCN to give 25% 4,4′-pyridoin, m. 165-7°, which was oxidized with HNO₃ to give 4,4′-pyridil (VIII), m. 179-70.5°. Similarly, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde N-oxide gave 2,2′-pyridoin N,N-dioxide, m. 152-3° (decomposition), which was oxidized to yield 2,2′-pyridil N,N’-dioxide (IX), decomposed at 240-5°. Oxidation of 2-pyridyl 3-picolyl ketone with SeO₂ yielded 2,3′-pyridil (X), m. 96-8°. 6,6′-Dimethyl-2,2′-pyridil (4.8 g.) treated with KOH as in the preceding part gave 2.8 g. 6-methylpicolinic acid, 0.08 g. 6-methyl-2-pyridylcarbinol, 0.4 g. 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-pyridoin, 0.15 g. NH₃, and 0.4 g. unidentified carbonyl compound VII gave di-βpyridylglycolic acid, which was oxidized to nicotinic acid (XI) and di-β-pyridyl ketone, m. 105-7°. VIII (2.1 g.) gave 0.95 g. isonicotinic acid, 0.06 g. γ-pyridylcarbinol, and 0.06 g. NH₃. X (2.1 g.) gave 0.8 g. XI, 0.05 g. NH₃, 0.03 g. III, and 0.27 g. IV. IX (4.9 g.) gave 3.2 g. di-α-pyridylcarbinol N-oxide, m. 148-9°, and 0.22 g. IV. The results indicated that low electron density on the 2- or 4-position was the cause of abnormal reaction. The idea was supported by the results on IX. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Related Products of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Base-Promoted Amidation and Esterification of Imidazolium Salts via Acyl C-C bond Cleavage: Access to Aromatic Amides and Esters was written by Karthik, Shanmugam;Muthuvel, Karthick;Gandhi, Thirumanavelan. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Imidazolium salts have been effectively employed as suitable acyl transfer agents in amidation and esterification in organic synthesis. The weak acyl C(O)-C imidazolium bond was exploited to generate acyl electrophiles, which further react with amines and alcs. to afford amides and esters. The broad substrate scope of anilines and benzylic amines and base-promoted conditions are the benefits of this route. Interestingly, phenol, benzylic alcs., and a biol. active alc. can also be subjected to esterification under the optimized conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Photocatalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of silanes with alcohols and water was written by Lv, Haiping;Laishram, Ronibala Devi;Chen, Jingchao;Khan, Ruhima;Zhu, Yuanbin;Wu, Shiyuan;Zhang, Jianqiang;Liu, Xingyuan;Fan, Baomin. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.Related Products of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for the dehydrogenative coupling of hydrosilanes with alcs. and phenols under photocatalysis with ruthenium bipyridine complex was developed, providing access for aryloxy, aralkyloxy and alkoxysilanes. The reaction proceeded in the presence of Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂ (0.5 mol%) under visible light irradiation in acetonitrile at room temperature The developed methodol. was also applicable for the synthesis of silanols using water as a coupling partner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Related Products of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 2968-93-6

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective radical C-H amination for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols was written by Nakafuku, Kohki M.;Zhang, Zuxiao;Wappes, Ethan A.;Stateman, Leah M.;Chen, Andrew D.;Nagib, David A.. And the article was included in Nature Chemistry.Reference of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

Asym., radical C-H functionalizations are rare but powerful tools for solving modern synthetic challenges. Specifically, the enantio- and regioselective C-H amination of alcs. to access medicinally valuable chiral β-amino alcs. remains elusive. To solve this challenge, a radical relay chaperone strategy was designed, wherein an alc. was transiently converted to an imidate radical that underwent intramol. H-atom transfer (HAT). This regioselective HAT was also rendered enantioselective by harnessing energy transfer catalysis to mediate selective radical generation and interception by a chiral copper catalyst. The successful development of this multi-catalytic, asym., radical C-H amination enabled broad access to chiral β-amino alcs. from a variety of alcs. containing alkyl, allyl, benzyl and propargyl C-H bonds. Mechanistic experiments revealed that triplet energy sensitization of a Cu-bound radical precursor facilitates catalyst-mediated HAT stereoselectivity, enabling the synthesis of several important classes of chiral β-amines by enantioselective, radical C-H amination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Reference of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Substituted (2SR)-2-((1SR,2SR)-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl)glycines as Potent and Selective Antagonists of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. 2. Effects of Aromatic Substitution; Pharmacological Characterization, and Bioavailability was written by Ornstein, Paul L.;Bleisch, Thomas J.;Arnold, M. Brian;Wright, Rebecca A.;Johnson, Bryan G.;Tizzano, Joseph P.;Helton, David R.;Kallman, Mary Jeanne;Schoepp, Darryle D.;Herin, Marc. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1998.Reference of 94022-96-5 This article mentions the following:

In this paper the authors describe the synthesis of a series of α-substituted analogs of the potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (1S,1’S,2’S)-carboxycyclopropylglycine (I). Incorporation of a substituent on the amino acid carbon converted the agonist I into an antagonist. All of the compounds were prepared and tested as a series of four isomers, i.e., two racemic diastereomers. On the basis of the improvement in affinity realized for the α-phenylethyl analog II (R = CH₂Ph), in this paper the authors explored the effects of substitution on the aromatic ring as a strategy to increase the affinity of these compounds for group II mGluRs. Affinity for group II mGluRs was measured using [³H]glutamic acid (Glu) binding in rat forebrain membranes. Antagonist activity was confirmed for these compounds by measuring their ability to antagonize (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-induced inhibition of forskolin stimulated cyclic-AMP in RGT cells transfected with human mGluR2 and mGluR3. Meta substitution on the aromatic ring of II (R = CH₂Ph) with a variety of substituents, both electron donating (R = 3-R¹C₆H₄CH₂; R¹ = 3-Me, 3-OH, 3-NH₂, 3-OMe, 3-Ph, 3-PhO) and electron withdrawing (R¹ = 3-F, 3-Cl, 3-Br, 3-CO₂H, 3-CF₃) gave from 1.5- to 4.5-fold increases in affinity. Substitution with p-F (II; R = 4-FC₆H₄CH₂) (IC₅₀ = 0.022 ± 0.002), was the exception. Here, a greater increase in affinity was realized than for either the ortho- or meta-substituted analogs; II (R = 4-FC₆H₄CH₂) was the most potent compound resulting from monosubstitution of the aromatic At best, only modest increases in affinity were realized for certain compounds bearing either two chlorines or two fluorines, and two methoxy groups gave no improvement in affinity (all examined in a variety of substitution patterns). Three amino acids II (R¹ = CHPh₂, 9-xanthyl, 3-MeC₆H₄CH₂) were resolved into their four constituent isomers, and affinity and functional activity for group II mGluRs was found to reside solely in the S,S,S-isomers of each, consistent with I. With an IC₅₀ = 2.9 ± 0.6 nM, the resolved xanthylmethyl compound (S,S,S)-III (LY341495) was the most potent compound from this SAR. (S,S,S)-III demonstrated high plasma levels following i.p. (i.p.) administration and readily penetrated into the brain. This compound, however, had only limited (∼5%) oral bioavailability. Systemic administration of (S,S,S)-III protected mice from limbic seizures produced by the mGluR agonist 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, with an ED₅₀ = 31 mg/kg (i.p., 60 min preinjection). Thus, (S,S,S)-III represents a valuable tool to study the role of group II mGluRs in disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Reference of 94022-96-5).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Reference of 94022-96-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synergistic antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of nisin/carvacrol combination against Staphylococcus aureus and their application in the infecting pasteurized milk was written by Li, Qingxiang;Yu, Shuna;Han, Jinzhi;Wu, Jiulin;You, Lijun;Shi, Xiaodan;Wang, Shaoyun. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Application of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Synergistic antibacterial effect is a promising way to overcome the challenge of microbial contamination in food. In this study, we detected the synergistic interactions of nisin and carvacrol. The MIC of nisin and carvacrol against S. aureus were 60 and 125μg/mL, resp. The FICI and FBCI were 0.28125 and 0.09375, which suggested that the nisin/carvacrol combination presented synergistic antibacterial effect against S. aureus. The antibacterial activity of nisin/carvacrol combination was much higher than their individuals and the dose of antibacterials was obviously reduced. The combination could completely kill S. aureus within 8 h, accelerate the destruction of cell membrane, and inhibit formation of biofilm. Under the intervention of nisin, more CAR could enter cell to hunt intracellular targets, leading to an increase in intracellular antibacterial level. Besides, in the storage of pasteurized milk, the combinational treatment successfully inhibited microbial reproduction at 25°C and 4°C. Thus, the combination of nisin and carvacrol was a potential synergistic strategy for food preservation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Structure and properties of the oil-absorbing resin was written by Wei, Zheng;Yu, Hongwei;Wang, Yuansheng;Xu, Zhinong. And the article was included in Hecheng Shuzhi Ji Suliao in 2011.Application In Synthesis of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

The oil-absorbing resin polyacrylate was synthesized from Bu methacrylate (BMA) and Bu acrylate (BA) monomers with suspension polymerization process. The composition and structure of the resin were analyzed by means of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry(TG). The resin’s absorptivity, absorption rate and controlled-release property for different oil as well as its swelling kinetic were studied. The results showed that the resin decomposes at 366.68 °C, and its oil-absorbing behavior accords with the first-order kinetics. The resin’s oil absorption rate depends on ionic polarity of different oils; the rate of absorbing CCl₄ is the highest while the corresponding value of diesel is the lowest. The oil controlled-release performance of the resin is relevant to the type of oil; the release rate for diesel and petrol is rather low or even zero, but the corresponding rate for toluene and CCl₄ is much higher. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Application In Synthesis of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Silaboration of [1.1.1]Propellane: A Storable Feedstock for Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives was written by Kondo, Masaki;Kanazawa, Junichiro;Ichikawa, Tomohiro;Shimokawa, Takumi;Nagashima, Yuki;Miyamoto, Kazunori;Uchiyama, Masanobu. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Electric Literature of C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

The silaboration of [1.1.1]propellane enables direct introduction of B and Si functional groups onto the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) scaffold in high yield under mild, additive-free conditions. The silaborated BCP can be obtained on a gram-scale in a single step without the need for column-chromatog. purification, and is storable and easy to handle, providing a versatile synthetic intermediate for BCP derivatives We also describe various conversions of the C-B/C-Si bonds on the BCP scaffold, including development of a modified Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction at the highly sterically hindered bridgehead sp³ carbon center of the BCP skeleton using a combination of highly activated BCP boronic esters, copper(I) oxide, and a PdCl₂(dppf) catalyst system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Electric Literature of C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Application of composts and potassium sulphate on root rot incidence, morphological growth, yield components, oil content and constitutes of marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis L.) was written by Eisa, El-Sayed E. A.;Meligy, Manal M.;Ziedan, El- Sayed H. E.. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology in 2022.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Isolation of root rot tissue of diseased marjoram plants, yielded isolates fungal genera of Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Isolates of F. monoliforme and F. oxysporum, causing the highest root rot percentage and disease severity of marjoram plants in pot experiment In the field, soil amendement with either composts of sugarcane bagasse, soybean straw and rice straw and in combination with potassium sulfate at (50 or 75 kg/feddan.). Obtained indicated that, application of rice straw compost in combination with potassium sulfate (K2O) at 75 kg was the best treatment reduced root rot incidence of marjoram plants and highly significantly increased, plant height, fresh and dry weigh, yield components, content and percentage of essential oil as well in volatile oil high percentage of terpinene -4-ol (42.9%). Meanwhile, the high percentage of linalyl acetate (34.6%) in the application of (K2O) at 75 kg/feddan combined with soybean compost and carvacrol (32.3%) in the application of (K2O) at 75 kg/feddan. So, integration application of composts with (K2O) could be used as alternative strategies to fungicides for controlling root rot disease in marjoram, enhanching plant growth, yield components and constitutes of essential oil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts