Alcohols-buliding-blocks

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of aza- and diazabiphenyl analogues of the antitubercular drug (6S)-2-nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (PA-824) was written by Kmentova, Iveta;Sutherland, Hamish S.;Palmer, Brian D.;Blaser, Adrian;Franzblau, Scott G.;Wan, Baojie;Wang, Yuehong;Ma, Zhenkun;Denny, William A.;Thompson, Andrew M.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 118289-16-0 This article mentions the following:

New heterocyclic analogs of the potent biphenyl class derived from antitubercular drug I were prepared, aiming to improve aqueous solubility but maintain high metabolic stability and efficacy. The strategy involved replacement of one or both Ph groups by pyridine, pyridazine, pyrazine, or pyrimidine, in order to reduce lipophilicity. For para-linked biaryls, hydrophilicities (ClogP) correlated with measured solubilities, but highly soluble bipyridine analogs displayed weak antitubercular activities. A terminal pyridine or proximal heterocycle allowed retention of potency and provided solubility improvements, particularly at low pH, with examples from the latter classes displaying the better in vivo efficacies, high metabolic stabilities, and excellent pharmacokinetics. Five such compounds were >100-fold better than the parent drug in a mouse model of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and two orally bioavailable pyridine analogs (3-4-fold more soluble than the parent at low pH) were superior to antitubercular drug II in a chronic infection model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0Reference of 118289-16-0).

2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 118289-16-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Difference in sensitivity to culture condition between in vitro fertilized and somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in pigs was written by Yamanaka, Ken-ichi;Sugimura, Satoshi;Wakai, Takuya;Kawahara, Manabu;Sato, Eimei. And the article was included in Journal of Reproduction and Development in 2009.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

We evaluated the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using in vitro embryo culture systems. Embryos were cultured in NCSU-23, NCSU-23 supplemented with essential and non-essential amino acids (NCSU-23aa) or modified PZM-5 supplemented with BSA instead of PVA (mPZM-5). The rates of blastocyst formation were significantly higher in the mPZM-5 group than in the other groups, regardless of the method of embryo production (38.0 vs. 25.3 or 29.1% for IVF, 18.2 vs. 8.7 or 9.4% for SCNT, resp.). The mean cell numbers of IVF and SCNT blastocysts were also significantly higher in mPZM-5 than in the other groups (62.0 vs. 42.3 or 43.0 for IVF, 46.5 vs. 29.4 or 31.3 for SCNT, resp.). Next, the embryos were cultured in mPZM-5 from days 0 to 4 and then in mPZM-5 (P/P), NCSU-23 (P/N) or NCSU-23aa (P/Naa) until day 6. The rates of blastocyst formation were similar among the 3 two-step culture systems in both embryo groups (36.2, 34.2, and 33.6% for IVF, 20.8, 14.1, and 17.2% for SCNT, resp.). The mean cell number in the IVF and SCNT blastocysts was significantly lower in P/N than in P/P and P/Naa (46.5 vs. 63.5 and 68.7 for IVF, 29.3 vs. 45.5 and 39.7 for SCNT, resp.). Next, we examined the effect of media on apoptosis in IVF and SCNT blastocysts. The apoptosis indexes in the blastocysts derived from either NCSU-23 or mPZM-5 were analyzed by TUNEL assay. The apoptosis index of the SCNT blastocysts was significantly lower in mPZM-5 than in NCSU-23 (8.8 vs. 13.6%), whereas no such difference was observed between groups in the IVF embryos (5.1 vs. 4.4%). These data suggested that SCNT embryos were more easily affected by culture environment compared with IVF embryos, offering the possibility to further enhance the developmental competence of SCNT embryos by developing more appropriate culture conditions in pigs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New paracyclophane phosphine for highly enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of prochiral ketones was written by Cheemala, Murthy N.;Gayral, Maud;Brown, John M.;Rossen, Kai;Knochel, Paul. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2007.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A new unsym. (R)-Phanephos analog, [2.2]paracyclophane diphosphine (R)-(C₂H₄)₂(1,4-C₆H₃-2-PAr₂)(1,4-C₆H₃-3-PPh₂) (2, Ar = 3,5-Me₂C₆H₃) was prepared and tested as ligand for ruthenium-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of acetophenones. Acetophenones XC₆H₄COMe were hydrogenated into the corresponding (αR)-α-methylbenzenemethanols by [(L₂)RuCl₂(H₂NCR¹R²CR²R¹NH₂)] (6a,b; R¹, R² = H, Ph; L₂ = 2) with 94-97% ee. The ligand 2 was highly efficient in the ruthenium-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of various aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Light radiation promoted stilbene accumulation in peanut sprouts: a response of the reestablishment of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis was written by Zhu, Tong;Yang, Jinghui;Zhang, Di;Cai, Qinqin;Shen, Yi;Tu, Siying;Tu, Kang. And the article was included in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum in 2021.COA of Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

The effect of light radiation on stilbene induction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of peanut sprouts were explored in this study. Firstly, different types of light sources with same intensity, including white light-emitting diode (LED), UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, were used to radiate peanuts during germination. Results showed contents of stilbenes and total phenolics were significantly promoted by light radiation and different types of stilbene compound were significantly induced in response to different types of light. Secondly, UV-C radiation was selected to treat peanuts with different intensities during germination. Results showed contents of stilbenes, total phenolics, total flavonoids, activity of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyse (PAL) increased significantly with the increasing UV-C intensity. H2O2 showed a remarkable neg. correlation with stilbenes, antioxidants, PAL, peroxidase and catalase. Contents of stilbenes and antioxidants of peanut sprouts could be increased by light radiation effectively in the germination process and the underlying inducing mechanism by UV-C radiation was involved with the mediation of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6COA of Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Practical, efficient, and broadly applicable synthesis of readily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds by catalytic three-component reactions was written by Radomkit, Suttipol;Liu, Zhenxing;Closs, Anna;Mikus, Malte S.;Hoveyda, Amir H.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2017.Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

A practical, efficient and broadly applicable catalytic method for synthesis of easily differentiable vicinal diboronate compounds is presented. Reactions are promoted by a combination of PCy₃ or PPh₃, CuCl and LiOt-Bu and may be performed with readily accessible alkenyl boronate substrates. Through the use of an alkenyl-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) or alkenyl-B(dan) (dan = naphthalene-1,8-diaminato) starting material and com. available (pin)B-B(dan) or B₂(pin)₂ as the reagent, a range of vicinal diboronates, including those that contain a B-substituted quaternary carbon center, may be prepared in up to 91% yield and with >98% site selectivity. High enantioselectivities can be obtained (up to 96:4 er) through the use of com. available chiral bis-phosphine ligands for reactions that afford mixed diboronate products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Emissive Metallacage-Cored Polyurethanes with Self-Healing and Shape Memory Properties was written by Gao, Kai;Feng, Qian;Zhang, Zeyuan;Zhang, Ruoqian;Hou, Yali;Mu, Chaoqun;Li, Xiaopeng;Zhang, Mingming. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Electric Literature of C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

The structures of the crosslinks in supramol. polymer networks play an important role on their properties and functions. Herein, emissive metallacages are used as crosslinks to prepare metallacage-cored polyurethanes. The mech. properties including storage modulus, toughness, Young’s modulus and breaking strength of polymers are greatly enhanced with the increase of crosslinking densities. Moreover, such polymers not only exhibit good fluorescence in the solid state, but also show self-healing and shape memory properties owing to the dynamic reversible non-covalent bonds in their structures. This study not only offers a convenient strategy to prepare metallacage-crosslinked networks, but also explores their applications as self-healing and shape memory materials, which will promote the study of metallacage-cored supramol. networks as smart materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Electric Literature of C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qualitative and quantitative characterization of monosaccharide components of Salvia miltiorrhiza, liguspyragine hydrochloride, and glucose injection was written by Ge, Fa-huan;Ma, Xian-peng;Ma, Jin-fang;Bi, Chang-qiong;Chen, Tian-ling;Zhang, Xiang-dong;Xiao, Xue. And the article was included in Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry in 2017.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate This article mentions the following:

Salvia miltiorrhiza, liguspyragine hydrochloride, and glucose injection (SLGI) was made of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., liguspyragine hydrochloride, glucose, and glycerin. There were many kinds of monosaccharide components in SLGI, which might be from the raw material and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18 anal. column (250mm × 4.6mmi.d., 5 μm, AccuStandard Inc., USA) at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of two solvents: 0.1 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline (pH 6.7) (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) with gradient elution. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min. Five kinds of monosaccharide components, glucose, D-mannose, L-rhamnose monohydrate, galactose, and xylose, were detected by precolumn derivatization HPLC, and their contents were compared with each other. And finally, concentrations of glucose in SLGI were determined and they were higher than the values of marked amount, which showed that one source of glucose might be from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. in SLGI. The average concentration of glucose was 5.18 g/100 mL, which was near the average value at 5.25 g/100mL detected by UV spectrophotometry and also close to the marked amount (5.00 g/100 mL) on the label. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Long-term use of ospemifene in clinical practice for vulvo-vaginal atrophy: end results at 12 months of follow-up. was written by Pingarrón Santofímia, Carmen;Lafuente González, Pilar;Guitiérrez Vélez, María Del Carmen;Calvente Aguilar, Virginia;Poyo Torcal, Silvia;Terol Sánchez, Pablo;Palacios, Santiago. And the article was included in Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology in 2022.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To assess the improvement in vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) of postmenopausal women treated with oral ospemifene 60 mg/day under conditions of routine clinical practice after 12 months of follow-up. METHODS: The AYSEX study is a Spanish observational, prospective, and unicentric study in which five gynecologists recruited postmenopausal women with VVA in routine clinical practice treated with oral ospemifene 60 mg/day as an appropriate therapeutic option. Vaginal health, the most bothersome symptoms, sexual health, endometrial safety, bone resorption markers, bone densitometry, mammography, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 12 months using appropriate scales. RESULTS: A total of 100 postmenopausal women cytologically and clinically diagnosed with VVA were included in the study. After 3 months of treatment with ospemifene, a significant improvement was observed in all domains of Vaginal Health Index. This improvement was maintained at month 12 and only one patient remained with vaginal atrophy. In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the most bothersome symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life. There was no significant change in endometrial thickness, mammography, and bone health during the 12 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study in routine clinical practice conditions confirms the results previously reported by randomized controlled trials, including a significant improvement in VVA, sexual function, quality of life, endometrial safety, and satisfaction with the treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Curbing the Deregulation of Glycosylation in Tongue Carcinoma Cells with Natural Compounds was written by Mehta, Kruti A.;Patel, Kinjal A.;Kunnumakkara, Ajai B.;Patel, Prabhudas S.. And the article was included in Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Aberrant glycosylation has been recently considered as a major hallmark of cancer. Furthermore, we have reported that aberrant glycosylation, mainly sialylation and fucosylation, plays a major role in oral cancer progression and metastasis. In the present study, we evaluated the role of tobacco compounds (4-NQO, NNK, Benzopyrene), natural compounds (Curcumin, Butein and Piceatannol) and commonly used chemotherapeutic compound (Cisplatin) on sialylation and fucosylation transcript levels in the tongue cancer cell line (SAS). The SAS cells were treated with the tobacco compounds, natural compounds and Cisplatin after obtaining their IC₅₀ values using MTT assay. After 24 h treatment of the compounds, RNA was isolated from the cells and converted to cDNA. RT-qPCR was performed for mRNA expression of glycosylation transcripts. The treatment of tobacco compounds on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels of ST3GAL1, NEU3, FUT5 and FUT6 in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of Curcumin and Butein resulted in lower mRNA levels of FUT8, whereas dose-dependent higher mRNA levels of FUT3 were also observed after the treatment of Curcumin. SAS cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in ST3GAL2, FUT5 and FUT8 mRNA after Piceatannol treatment. Furthermore, Cisplatin treatment on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels of FUT3 as the concentration increased from 100μM to 200μM. While, treatment of Cisplatin resulted in decreased mRNA levels of ST3GAL2, ST3GAL3, FUT5 and FUT8 in a dose-dependent manner. All together, the data revealed Piceatannol as a potent synergistic for Cisplatin to target the altered glycosylation for better treatment management of tongue carcinoma. The study provides a normal approach of targeting aberrant glycosylation with natural compounds, which may open the possibility of newer therapeutic strategies using natural compounds alone or in combination with other conventional therapies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6COA of Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic activity of SBA-15 supported CuO for selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde was written by Dhinagaran, G.;Harichandran, G.;Suvaitha, S. Prashanna;Venkatachalam, K.. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2022.Reference of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Selective oxidation of veratryl alc. (VAlc) to veratraldehyde (VAld) under mild conditions using heterogeneous catalysts is advantageous for industrial applications. In the present study, newly developed SBA-15 supported copper oxide catalyst designated as CuO(5,10,15 weight%)/SBA-15 was examined for the selective oxidation of VAlc to VAld using tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant between 40 and 100°C. CuO(10 weight%)/SBA-15 showed high conversion (82.5%) compared to others by forming VAld with 100% selectivity. We examined its selective oxidising power using a substrate possessing both the primary and secondary alc. functions, namely propylene glycol (PG). In this substrate, only the secondary alc. group was oxidized to hydroxyacetone (HA). It suggests preferential adsorption of the primary alc. group of PG on the catalyst surface close to the adsorbed TBHP, thus leaving only the secondary alc. group positionally favorable for oxidation In addition, the catalyst effectively oxidized 2-butanol to 2-butanone. So, the catalyst is verified active against both primary and secondary alcs., but when both of them are present on the adjacent carbons of the same compound, only the secondary alc. function is oxidized. So, the present catalyst could have tremendous applications for selective oxidation in organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Reference of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts