Alcohols-buliding-blocks

Piceatannol SNEDDS Attenuates Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia in Rats by Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Axes was written by Binmahfouz, Lenah S.;Eid, Basma G.;Bagher, Amina M.;Shaik, Rasheed A.;Binmahfouz, Najlaa S.;Abdel-Naim, Ashraf B.. And the article was included in Nutrients in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the most common risk factor for endometrial malignancy in females. The pathogenesis of EH has been directly linked to uterine inflammation, which can result in abnormal cell division and decreased apoptosis. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural polyphenolic stilbene, is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential preventive role of PIC in estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced EH in rats. A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was prepared to improve the solubility of the PIC. Therefore, thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg), (3) EB (0.6 mg/kg), (4) EB + PIC SNEDDS (5 mg/kg) and (5) EB + PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg). The administration of PIC SNEDDS prevented EB-induced increases in uterine weights and histopathol. changes. Addnl., it displayed pro-apoptotic and antioxidant activity in the endometrium. Immunohistochem. staining of uterine sections co-treated with PIC SNEDDS showed significantly decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This anti-inflammatory effect was further confirmed by a significant increase in Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. These results indicate that SNEDDS nanoformulation of PIC possesses protective effects against exptl. induced EH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bridging and Conformational Control of Porphyrin Units through Non-Traditional Rigid Scaffolds was written by Grover, Nitika;Locke, Gemma M.;Flanagan, Keith J.;Beh, Michael H. R.;Thompson, Alison;Senge, Mathias O.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Related Products of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Connecting two porphyrin units in a rigid linear fashion, without any undesired electron delocalization or communication between the chromophores, remains a synthetic challenge. Herein, a broad library of functionally diverse multi-porphyrin arrays that incorporate the non-traditional rigid linker groups cubane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is described. A robust, reliable, and versatile synthetic procedure was employed to access porphyrin-cubane/BCP-porphyrin arrays, representing the largest non-polymeric structures available for cubane/BCP derivatives These reactions demonstrate considerable substrate scope, from utilization of small Ph moieties to large porphyrin rings, with varying lengths and different angles. To control conformational flexibility, amide bonds were introduced between the bridgehead carbon of BCP/cubane and the porphyrin rings. Through varying the orientation of the substituents around the amide bond of cubane/BCP, different intermol. interactions were identified through single crystal X-ray anal. These studies revealed non-covalent interactions that are the first-of-their-kind including a unique iodine-oxygen interaction between cubane units. These supramol. architectures indicate the possibility to mimic a protein structure due to the sp³ rigid scaffolds (BCP or cubane) that exhibit the essential conformational space for protein function while simultaneously providing amide bonds for mol. recognition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Related Products of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biotransformation of 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol, a Main Product of the Insecticide Fenitrothion, by Aspergillus niger was written by Kanaly, Robert A.;Kim, In Seon;Hur, Hor-Gil. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2005.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Biotransformation of the environmental pollutant 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP), a newly characterized estrogenic chem., and the primary breakdown product of the heavily used insecticide fenitrothion was investigated using a common soil fungus. In 96 h, daily culture sacrifice, extraction, and anal. showed that the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger VKM F-1119, removed more than 85% of the MNP present in solution (original concentration = 25 mg/L), mostly through biodegradation Addnl., in 16-day time-course studies, A. Niger was capable of biotransformation of MNP at concentrations as high as 70 mg/L. Gas chromatog. mass spectroscopy (MS) analyses of culture fluid extracts indicated the formation of four metabolites: 2-methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, and two singly hydroxylated derivatives of MNP. Culture scale up and metabolite anal. by liquid chromatog. MS resulted in the confirmation of the original metabolites plus the detection of an azo derivative metabolite that has not been previously reported before during MNP biodegradation by any micro-organisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Intramolecular Pd-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Enolizable sp³-C-H Bonds was written by Ford, Russell L.;Alt, Isabel;Jana, Navendu;Driver, Tom G.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization of nitroarenes has been designed to construct sp³-C-NHAr bonds from sp³-C-H bonds by using an enolizable nucleophile to intercept a nitrosoarene intermediate. Exposure of ortho-substituted nitroarenes to 5 mol % of Pd(OAc)₂ and 10 mol % of phenanthroline under 2 atm of CO constructs partially saturated 5-, 6-, or 7-membered N-heterocycles I (R¹ = H, Cl, Me, etc.; R² = H, F, Me, etc.; R³ = H, Me) using α-pyridyl carboxylates, malonates, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-diones, or difurans as the nucleophile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stimuli-responsive lipidic cubic phase: Triggered release and sequestration of guest molecules was written by Rahanyan-Kaegi, Nelli;Aleandri, Simone;Speziale, Chiara;Mezzenga, Raffaele;Landau, Ehud M.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

New stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, made up of host-guest lipidic cubic phases (LCPs) are presented. These biocompatible, stable, transparent and water-insoluble LCPs are composed of monoolein (MO) as a neutral host, and small amounts of one of three judiciously designed and synthesized designer lipids as guest that preserve the structure and stability of LCPs, but render them specific functionalities. Efficient pH- and light-induced binding, release and sequestration of hydrophilic dyes are demonstrated. Significantly, these processes can be performed sequentially, thereby achieving both temporal and dosage control, opening up the possibility of using such LCPs as effective carriers to be used in drug delivery applications. Specifically, because of the inherent optical transparency and mol. isotropy of LCPs they can be envisaged as light-induced drug carriers in ophthalmol. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of mol. design in creating new functional materials with predicted operating mode. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heterogeneous Catalysis for Oxidation of Alcohol via 1-Methyl-2-azaadamanane N-oxyl Immobilized on Magnetic Polystyrene Nanosphere was written by Guo, Xiaqun;Li, Meichao;Wang, Jianli;Li, Chunmei;Hu, Xinquan;Jin, Liqun;Sun, Nan;Hu, Baoxiang;Shen, Zhenlu. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.SDS of cas: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

A highly promising heterogeneous strategy was describedn in which a catalytic amount of 1-methyl-2-azaadamanane N-oxyl immobilized on magnetic polystyrene nanosphere (1-Me-AZADO/MPNs) was used and a series of carbonyl compounds were obtained from various alcs. in 73-99% isolated yields and high selectivity (>99%) under Anelli conditions, thus offering a greener and more convenient methods in the synthesis of carbonyl compounds The attractive features of convenient magnetic separation (within seconds), good recyclability (up to 20 runs) and fast reaction rates (5-20 min) were very efficient to improve the utility of azaadamantane-type-nitroxyl radicals in the oxygenation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7SDS of cas: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery and Characterization of 2-Aminooxazolines as Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Active TAAR1 Agonists was written by Galley, Guido;Beurier, Angelica;Decoret, Guillaume;Goergler, Annick;Hutter, Roman;Mohr, Susanne;Pahler, Axel;Schmid, Philipp;Turck, Dietrich;Unger, Robert;Zbinden, Katrin Groebke;Hoener, Marius C.;Norcross, Roger D.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Related Products of 926291-77-2 This article mentions the following:

2-Aminooxazolines were discovered as a novel structural class of TAAR1 ligands. Starting from a known adrenergic compound, structural modifications were made to obtain highly potent and selective TAAR1 ligands such as (I) (RO5166017), (II) (RO5256390), RO5203648, and RO5263397. These compounds exhibit drug-like physicochem. properties, have good oral bioavailability, and display in vivo activity in a variety of animal models relevant for psychiatric diseases and addiction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Amino-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 926291-77-2Related Products of 926291-77-2).

(R)-2-Amino-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 926291-77-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 926291-77-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dependence of the antimicrobial activity of chemical preservatives in suspensions on several pharmaceutical factors was written by Pertsev, I. M.;Khokhlova, L. N.;Dmitrievskii, D. I.. And the article was included in Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal in 1984.Name: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

The adsorption of chem. preservatives such as nipagin  [99-76-3], nipazol  [94-13-3], sorbic acid  [110-44-1], benzoic acid  [65-85-0], benzalkonium chlorides and ethonium  [21954-74-5] by solid phase drug-suspensions was studied. The suspensions contained Al₂O₃, BaSO₄, Ca glycerophosphate [27214-00-2], MgCO₃, MgO, menthol  [1490-04-6], talc, terpin hydrate  [2451-01-6], phenyl salicylate  [118-55-8] and phthalazole  [85-73-4] in 1, 2.5 and 5% concentrations The quantity of the adsorbed preservatives increased with the concentration of solid phases up to 2.5% drug concentration Since nipagin and nipazole showed the least adsorption, a combination of these was chosen for preserving the suspensions and their concentration increased to study their adsorption. Since benzoic acid and sorbic acid adsorbed most of the drugs used they should not be used as preservatives. In addition, the effect of stabilizers, Tween 80  [9005-65-6] Me cellulose  [9004-67-5], and gelatose  [52624-15-4] on the adsorption of the preservatives were studied. Tween 80 increased the adsorption degree of all the preservatives studied, gelatose decreased it and Me cellulose also increased the degree of adsorption of all the preservatives except that of sorbic acid. The antimicrobial activity was decreased when the stabilizers were not used, especially with sorbic acid. The stabilizers in general increased the antimicrobial activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Name: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds using N-Cbz Amides as an Acyl Source under Transition-metal-free Conditions at Room Temperature was written by Singh, Shweta;Kandasamy, Jeyakumar. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A wide range of functionalized N-Cbz amides underwent base-promoted C-C coupling reactions with enolizable esters, ketones and amides to afford 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under mild conditions. The reactions proceeded at room temperature in the presence of LiHMDS in cyclopentyl Me ether (CPME). The desired β-ketoesters, β-keto amides and 1,3-diketones were obtained in good to excellent yields in a short reaction time. Broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance and metal-free conditions are the merits of the developed methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Synthetic Route of C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Redox-Induced Single-Molecule Magnetism in Mixed-Valent [2 × 2] Co₄ Grid Complexes was written by Tong, Jin;Demeshko, Serhiy;John, Michael;Dechert, Sebastian;Meyer, Franc. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2016.Recommanded Product: 49669-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Homovalent [2 × 2] Co₄ grid complexes [Co^II₄L^H₄](BF₄)₄ (1) and [Co^II₄L^Me₄](BF₄)₄ (2) with two new bis(terdentate) pyrazolate-bridged ligands, HL^H = 3,5-bis(6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrid-2-yl)pyrazole and HL^Me = 4-methyl-3,5-bis(6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrid-2-yl)pyrazole, were synthesized and comprehensively characterized. X-ray crystallog. analyses of 1 and 2 showed a square arrangement of cobalt(II) ions, each metal ion in distorted octahedral {N₆} coordination created by two terdentate compartments from orthogonal ligand strands. Magnetic measurements revealed the metal ions’ high-spin (S = 3/2) state and moderate antiferromagnetic interactions to give an overall diamagnetic S_T = 0 ground state of 1 and 2. Twofold oxidation, electrochem. or chem., led to the dimixed-valent [2 × 2] Co₄ grids [Co^II₂Co^III₂L^H₄](BF₄)₆ (3) and [Co^II₂Co^III₂L^Me₄](BF₄)₆ (4). ESI mass spectrometry confirmed the ruggedness of all grids 1-4 and their integrity in solution, and anal. of the UV/vis/NIR spectra suggested moderate electronic coupling. Solution ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of paramagnetic 1-4 were recorded and confirmed that the dimixed-valent Co^II₂Co^III₂ grids are charge-localized on the NMR time scale. X-ray crystallog. revealed significant structural grid distortion upon oxidation, with the low-spin Co^III at opposite corners and in almost octahedral {N₆} environment but the remaining Co^II ions’ coordination sphere approaching a trigonal prism. SQUID studies showed the high-spin Co^II to be magnetically isolated in the dimixed-valent Co^II₂Co^III₂ grids, and both 3 and 4 to display frequency-dependent peaks in the out-of-phase (χ”) component of the alternating-current (ac) magnetic susceptibility data, characteristic for single mol. magnet (SMM) properties (with energy barriers U_eff/k_B = 16 and 26 K, and relaxation times τ₀ = 6.7·10^-6 and 5.0·10^-6 s for 3 and 4, resp.). The results are discussed in terms of cooperative effects that originate from elastic coupling within the grids, mediated by the rigid bridging ligands. These effects synergistically lead to the preferred trans configuration of the dimixed-valent Co^II₂Co^III₂ grids and to structural distortions that are beneficial for SMM properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9Recommanded Product: 49669-14-9).

2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 49669-14-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts