Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Lv, Qing-Qing published the artcileStructural characterization, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of polysaccharides from wheat bran, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is alphaamylase alphaglucosidase glucose galactose arabinose wheat bran; Polysaccharide; Structural characterization; Wheat bran; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase.

In this study, two polysaccharide fractions were isolated from wheat bran by sequential extraction with water and alk. solution, DEAE Cellulose-52 chromatog. and Sephacryl S-400 gel permeation chromatog., they were named as WXA-1 and AXA-1, resp. Structural analyses indicated that both polysaccharide fractions were heteropolysaccharides, their average mol. weights were 193 kDa and 107 kDa, resp. The backbone of WXA-1 was → 4-β-D-Xylp-1→, which was substituted at O-3 positions by arabinose, glucose and galactose residues, while the backbone of AXA-1 was → 4-β-D-Xylp-1→, which was mainly substituted at O-3 positions by arabinose. AXA-1 exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with WXA-1. Moreover, AXA-1 exhibited a competitive inhibition of α-amylase and a mixed-type noncompetitive inhibition of α-glucosidase. These results suggest that AXA-1 can be used as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Polysaccharides Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fujisawa, Koichi published the artcileSeasonal variations in photoperiod affect hepatic metabolism of medaka (Oryzias latipes), COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Oryzias liver lipid metabolism climate photoperiod; fatty liver; medaka; metabolome; photoperiod; tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Organisms living in temperate regions are sensitive to seasonal variations in the environment; they are known to accumulate energy as fat in their livers during the winter when days are shorter, temparature are lower, and food is scarce. However, the effect of variations in photoperiod alone on hepatic lipid metabolism has not been well studied. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed lipid metabolism in the liver of medaka, Oryzias latipes, while varying the length of days at constant temparature. Larger amounts of fatty acids accumulated in the liver after 14 days under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. Metabolome anal. showed no accumulation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, but showed a significant accumulation of long-chain saturated fatty acids. Short-day conditions induced a reduction in the levels of succinate, fumarate, and malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, decreased expression of PPARα, and decreased accumulation of acylcarnitine, which suggested inhibition of lipolysis. In addition, transparent medaka fed on a high-fat diet under short-day conditions exhibited greater amounts of fat accumulation and developed fatty liver. The findings of our study will be useful for creating a medaka hepatic steatosis model for future studies of hepatic steatosis-related diseases.

FEBS Open Bio published new progress about Acylcarnitines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Galebach, Peter H. published the artcileProduction of renewable alcohols from maple wood using supercritical methanol hydrodeoxygenation in a semi-continuous flowthrough reactor, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is renewable alc maple wood supercritical methanol hydrodeoxygenation reactor.

Biomass conversion to alcs. using supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SCM-DHO) with CuMgAl mixed metal oxide is a promising process for biofuel production We demonstrate how maple wood can be converted at high weight loadings and product concentrations in a batch and a semi-continuous reactor to a mixture of C2-C10 linear and cyclic alcs. Maple wood was solubilized semi-continuously in supercritical methanol and then converted to a mixture of C2-C9 alcs. and aromatics over a packed bed of CuMgAlOx catalyst. Up to 95 wt% of maple wood can be solubilized in the methanol by using four temperature holds at 190, 230, 300, and 330°C. Lignin was solubilized at 190 and 230°C to a mixture of monomers, dimers, and trimers while hemicellulose and cellulose solubilized at 300 and 330°C to a mixture of oligomeric sugars and liquefaction products. The hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were converted to C2-C10 alc. fuel precursors over a packed bed of CuMgAlOx catalyst with 70-80% carbon yield of the entire maple wood. The methanol reforming activity of the catalyst decreased by 25% over four beds of biomass, which corresponds to 5 turnovers for the catalyst, but was regenerable after calcination and reduction In batch reactions, maple wood was converted at 10 wt% in methanol with 93% carbon yield to liquid products. The product concentration can be increased to 20 wt% by partially replacing the methanol with liquid products. The yield of alcs. in the semi-continuous reactor was approx. 30% lower than in batch reactions likely due to degradation of lignin and cellulose during solubilization. These results show that solubilization of whole biomass can be separated from catalytic conversion of the intermediates while still achieving a high yield of products. However, close contact of the catalyst and the biomass during solubilization is critical to achieve the highest yields and concentration of products.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Alcohols Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (mono-alcs., C2-C6). 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Siyu published the artcileIron-catalyzed borylation and silylation of unactivated tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl chlorides, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5, the main research area is tertiary secondary primary alkyl chloride iron catalysis borylation silylation.

Herein, we describe an iron-catalyzed borylation and silylation of unactivated alkyl chlorides, delivering the tertiary, secondary, and primary alkylboronic esters, and secondary, primary alkylsilanes with high efficiency. This protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, allowing the efficient late-stage borylation of biorelevant compounds, thus offering an excellent platform in drug discovery and development. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that an alkyl radical was involved in this catalytic system.

CCS Chemistry published new progress about Alkylsilanes Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PROC (Process). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qneibi, Mohammad published the artcileThe neuroprotective role of Origanum syriacum L. and Lavandula dentata L. essential oils through their effects on AMPA receptors, Product Details of C10H18O, the main research area is Origanum Lavandula essential oil neuroprotective AMPA receptor.

Lavandula dentata L. and Origanum syriacum L. essential oils have numerous health benefits and properties, such as possessing common components with a variant degree of depressive actions in the central nervous system. We investigated the depressive property of these oils on AMPA receptors, which are responsible for most of the fast-excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS and play a critical role in synaptic plasticity. Since excessive activation of AMPARs has been linked to neurotoxicity leading to various pathologies, we hypothesize that these oils have a neuroprotective role by acting directly on the kinetics of AMPARs. The current study results showed that the biophys. properties of AMPA receptor subunits showed a decrease in desensitization rate of GluA1 and GluA2 homomers, using O. syriacum, while administering L. dentata oil decreased the desensitization rate of GluA1 and GluA2 homomers, as well as GluA1/2 heteromers. As for the deactivation rate, both oils slowed the deactivation kinetics of all AMPA receptor subunits. Intriguingly, between the two oils, the effect of desensitization and deactivation was of a greater significance for L. dentata oil than O. syriacum. Our data suggest that the two oils contain components that are essential to identify, as those active components underlie the oils’ neuronal depressive properties reported, and to extract them to synthesize a potent neuroprotective drug to treat neurol. diseases potentially.

BioMed Research International published new progress about AMPA receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Product Details of C10H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sasaki, Takayuki published the artcileFunctional roles of ALMT-type anion channels in malate-induced stomatal closure in tomato and Arabidopsis, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is ALMT1 stomata Arabidopsis Solanum; ALMT channel; Arabidopsis; Solanum lycopersicum (tomato); guard cells; malate; stomatal closure.

Guard-cell-type aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are involved in stomatal closure by exporting anions from guard cells. However, their physiol. and electrophysiol. functions are yet to be explored. Here, we analyzed the physiol. and electrophysiol. properties of the ALMT channels in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlALMT11 was specifically expressed in tomato guard cells. External malate-induced stomatal closure was impaired in ALMT-suppressed lines of tomato and Arabidopsis, although abscisic acid did not influence the stomatal response in SlALMT11-knock-down tomato lines. Electrophysiol. analyses in Xenopus oocytes showed that SlALMT11 and AtALMT12/QUAC1 exhibited characteristic bell-shaped current-voltage patterns dependent on extracellular malate, fumarate, and citrate. Both ALMTs could transport malate, fumarate, and succinate, but not citrate, suggesting that the guard-cell-type ALMTs are dicarboxylic anion channels activated by extracellular organic acids. The truncation of acidic amino acids, Asp or Glu, from the C-terminal end of SlALMT11 or AtALMT12/QUAC1 led to the disappearance of the bell-shaped current-voltage patterns. Our findings establish that malate-activated stomatal closure is mediated by guard-cell-type ALMT channels that require an acidic amino acid in the C-terminus as a candidate voltage sensor in both tomato and Arabidopsis.

Plant, Cell & Environment published new progress about Anion channels Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lefoulon, Cecile published the artcileCrassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel activity follows transcript abundance and is suppressed by apoplastic malate, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is crassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel apoplastic malate; Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi ; apoplast; circadian stomatal regulation; crassulacean acid metabolism; guard cell anion channel; malic acid metabolism; voltage clamp.

Plants utilizing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO while reducing transpirational water loss associated with photosynthesis. Unlike stomata of C3 and C4 species, CAM stomata open at night for the mesophyll to fix CO2 into malate (Mal) and store it in the vacuole. CAM plants decarboxylate Mal in the light, generating high CO2 concentrations within the leaf behind closed stomata for refixation by RuBisCO. CO2 may contribute to stomatal closure but addnl. mechanisms, plausibly including Mal activation of anion channels, ensure closure in the light. In the CAM species Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, we found that guard cell anion channel activity, recorded under voltage clamp, follows KfSLAC1 and KfALMT12 transcript abundance, declining to near zero by the end of the light period. Unexpectedly, however, we found that extracellular Mal inhibited the anion current of Kalanchoe guard cells, both in wild-type and RNAi mutants with impaired Mal metabolism We conclude that the diurnal cycle of anion channel gene transcription, rather than the physiol. signal of Mal release, is a key factor in the inverted CAM stomatal cycle.

New Phytologist published new progress about Anion channels Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chiroma, Samaila Musa published the artcileCentella asiatica protects D-galactose/AlCl3 mediated Alzheimer’s disease-like rats via PP2A/GSK-3β signaling pathway in their hippocampus, COA of Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is Centella asiatica galactose aluminum chloride alzheimers disease PPA GSK; Alzheimer’s disease; B-cell lymphoma 2; Centella asiatica; glycogen synthase kinase 3; hippocampus; protein poshophatase 2.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder more prevalent among the elderly population. AD is characterised clin. by a progressive decline in cognitive functions and pathol. by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaque and synaptic dysfunction in the brain. Centella asiatica (CA) is a valuable herb being used widely in African, Ayurvedic, and Chinese traditional medicine to reverse cognitive impairment and to enhance cognitive functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CA in preventing D-galactose/aluminum chloride (D-gal/AlCl3) induced AD-like pathologies and the underlying mechanisms of action were further investigated for the first time. Results showed that co-administration of CA to D-gal/AlCl3 induced AD-like rat models significantly increased the levels of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and decreased the levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). It was further observed that, CA increased the expression of mRNA of Bcl-2, while there was minimal effect on the expression of caspase 3 mRNA. The results also showed that, CA prevented morphol. aberrations in the connus ammonis 3 (CA 3) sub-region of the rat’s hippocampus. The results clearly demonstrated for the first time that CA could alleviate d-gal/AlCl3 induced AD-like pathologies in rats via inhibition of hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) bio-synthetic proteins, anti-apoptosis and maintenance of cytoarchitecture.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Bcl-2 proteins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, COA of Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Zunkang published the artcileA unique aluminum resistance mechanism conferred by aluminum and salicylic-acid-activated root efflux of benzoxazinoids in maize, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Zea root efflux benzoxazinoid aluminum resistance hydroxamic acid.

Background and aims: Although aluminum (Al) exclusion via root exudation of organic matters is a common resistance mechanism adopted by many plant species, whether root exudation of benzoxazinoids, such as hydroxamic acids (HAs), confers Al resistance remains unclear. Methods: We performed physiol. characterization for an Al-resistant maize cultivar TY and a sensitive maize cultivar ZD. Results: First, Al exposure induced HA exudation from the root tip of TY, but not from ZD. Second, HAs formed non-toxic Al chelation complexes in vitro and exogenous HAs alleviated root damage and improved root growth under Al stresses. Third, both Al and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) treatments induced accumulation of endogenous SAs in the root apices of TY, which in turn enhanced root HA exudation and Al resistance in TY. Furthermore, an SA biosynthesis inhibitor significantly decreased Al resistance in TY and abolished the beneficial effects of exogenous SA on Al resistance, suggesting a key role of the endogenous SAs in induction of Al resistance. Finally, it was the root-tip HA exudation but not the root-tip HA contents that determined Al resistance in maize. Conclusion: We have revealed a unique Al exclusion mechanism underlying Al resistance via Al and SA-mediated root HA efflux in maize.

Plant and Soil published new progress about Benzoxazinoids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Estrada-Orihuela, Sergio F. published the artcileLasalocid immediately and completely prevents the myocardial damage caused by coronary ischemia reperfusion in rat heart, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is lasalocid antioxidant myocardial damage coronary ischemia reperfusion; Coronary reperfusion; Heart; Lasalocid; Myocardial infarct; Myocardial ischemia.

In experiments of coronary blockade and reperfusion carried out in rat heart, it was found that when administered from 5 to 30 min prior to the induction of coronary blockade, at a concentration of 2 mg/kg of body weight, the ionophore immediately, simultaneously, and completely interrupts the blood pressure decay, cardiac frequency increase, elec. ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, as well as the fall of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and decay of mitochondrial oxygen uptake provoked by the induced myocardial injury. It appears that the mol. mode of action of the lasalocid is associated with its unique ability to transport both calcium and the catecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine, across mitochondrial and bimol. lipid membranes, as well as through synaptic cell membrane terminals from rat heart, myocardial fibers of the heart and heart chromaffin membrane vesicles. It is suggested that for the potential medical use of lasalocid to detain incoming ischemic myocardial damage, there exists a need to develop a personal electronic device able to simultaneously monitor, detect, and inform on the very early and simultaneous signs of cardiac alterations of elec., mechano-chem., metabolic and hydraulic nature, all which precede heart failure and to administer the lasalocid.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry published new progress about Catecholamines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts