Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Malheiros, Rafael S. P. published the artcileSelenomethionine induces oxidative stress and modifies growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings through effects on hormone biosynthesis and primary metabolism, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Oryza selenomethionine oxidative stress seedling hormone biosynthesis; Growth inhibition; Hormonal regulation; Primary metabolism; Reactive oxygen species; Selenium.

Although the chem. characteristics of selenomethionine (SeMet) are similar to those of methionine (Met), the physiol. activity of SeMet apparently differs in its ability to stimulate ethylene production in plant tissues. Since selenium alters root architecture of rice seedlings by modifying ethylene production, the investigation of the effect of SeMet and Met on rice growth would be a step forward towards unraveling factors that underlie selenium toxicity. Here, we report that SeMet increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting auxin and increasing ethylene production in rice seedlings. The effect of SeMet on seedlings was mediated by the inhibition of the abundance of transcripts encoding auxin transport and cell expansion proteins. Moreover, SeMet led to increased seedling respiration, which was pos. correlated with organic acids consumption, but neg. with sugars consumption, thereby decreasing seedling growth. In contrast with SeMet treatment, Met did not affect ROS production, hormone biosynthesis and seedling growth, indicating an exclusive selenium effect. The singlet oxygen scavenger, 1,4-diazabicyclooctane, overrode the repressive effect of SeMet in seedling growth. Our results demonstrate a phytotoxic effect of SeMet for rice seedlings and reveal a relationship between reactive oxygen species, hormone homeostasis and carbon availability, which regulates growth responses.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Xin published the artcileReverse metabolic engineering in lager yeast: impact of the NADH/NAD+ ratio on acetaldehyde production during the brewing process, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is reverse metabolic engineering acetaldehyde NADH NAD brewing yeast; Acetaldehyde; Brewer’s yeast; NADH/NAD+; Reverse metabolic engineering.

Acetaldehyde is synthesized by yeast during the main fermentation period of beer production, which causes an unpleasant off-flavor. Therefore, there has been extensive effort toward reducing acetaldehyde to obtain a beer product with better flavor and anti-staling ability. In this study, we discovered that acetaldehyde production in beer brewing is closely related with the intracellular NADH equivalent regulated by the citric acid cycle. However, there was no significant relationship between acetaldehyde production and amino acid metabolism A reverse engineering strategy to increase the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio reduced the final acetaldehyde production level, and vice versa. This work offers new insight into acetaldehyde metabolism and further provides efficient strategies for reducing acetaldehyde production by the regulating the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio through cofactor engineering.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kim, Il-Doo published the artcileDealcoholization of Korean traditional rice wine, takju, combining thermal, bentonite clarification or reverse osmosis treatment, HPLC of Formula: 505-10-2, the main research area is Dealcoholization rice wine takju thermal bentonite reverse osmosis treatment; Bentonite; Dealcoholization; Heat treatment; Reverse osmosis; Takju.

The objective of this study was to prepare low-alc. takju. Low-alc. (3.06%) and dealcoholized (0.04-0.28%) takju samples were prepared by adopting bentonite clarification, heat and reverse osmosis treatments. The dealcoholization of takju, in most cases, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total mineral (from 505.80 to 258.61 mg/L), free amino acid (from 989.81 to 293.58 mg/mL), antioxidant potentials and total phenolic (from 345.30 to 156.30μg GAE/mL) contents remained in the control to RO-3 (takju sample obtained from 3-time reverse osmosis and heat treatment). Similarly, the content of volatile compounds was also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with the dealcoholization treatments. The finding of this study clearly showed that dealcoholized takju could be prepared but at the expense of reduced nutritional and antioxidant potentials. This study could be an exemplary in promoting traditional beverages in different countries by producing low or alc.-free drinks. Food Science and Biotechnology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, HPLC of Formula: 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Zixuan published the artcileRatiometric mass spectrometry imaging for stain-free delineation of ischemic tissue and spatial profiling of ischemia-related molecular signatures, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is ischemia metabolic dysfunction metabolomics ratiometric mass spectrometry imaging; TCA cycle; ischemia; mass spectrometry imaging; metabolic enzyme; ratiometric analysis.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) serves as an emerging tool for spatial profiling of metabolic dysfunction in ischemic tissue. Prior to MSI data anal., commonly used staining methods, e.g., triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) staining, need to be implemented on the adjacent tissue for delineating lesion area and evaluating infarction, resulting in extra consumption of the tissue sample as well as morphol. mismatch. Here, we propose an in situ ratiometric MSI method for simultaneous demarcation of lesion border and spatial annotation of metabolic and enzymic signatures in ischemic tissue on identical tissue sections. In this method, the ion abundance ratio of a reactant pair in the TCA cycle, e.g., fumarate to malate, is extracted pixel-by-pixel from an ambient MSI dataset of ischemic tissue and used as a surrogate indicator for metabolic activity of mitochondria to delineate lesion area as if the tissue has been chem. stained. This method is shown to be precise and robust in identifying lesions in brain tissues and tissue samples from different ischemic models including heart, liver, and kidney. Furthermore, the proposed method allows screening and predicting metabolic and enzymic alterations which are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Being capable of concurrent lesion identification, in situ metabolomics anal., and screening of enzymic alterations, the ratiometric MSI method bears great potential to explore ischemic damages at both metabolic and enzymic levels in biol. research.

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xinzhi published the artcileEffect of thermal treatment on aroma compound formation in yeast fermented pork hydrolysate supplemented with xylose and cysteine, Synthetic Route of 505-10-2, the main research area is xylose cysteine thermal treatment aroma yeast fermented pork hydrolyzate; Maillard reaction; cysteine; pork by-product; volatile flavour compounds; xylose; yeast fermentation.

The present study has revealed an innovative method of coupling enzyme hydrolysis, yeast fermentation and thermal treatment to transform pork trimmings into a seasoning product. The pork trimmings were first enzymically hydrolyzed and fermented into liquid pork hydrolyzates, followed by adding xylose and cysteine, then heat treatment. Approx. 28% of xylose and 7% of glucose were consumed, and amino acids increased by around 31% after thermal treatment. The heated yeast fermented pork hydrolyzates possessed a characteristic ′savoury, roasted-meat and fruity sweet′ aroma as a result of the formation of thermally induced sulfur-containing volatiles such as 2-furfurylthiol, as well as retention of yeast generated esters including isoamyl acetate and hexyl acetate. The heat-treated fermented pork hydrolyzates impart an attractive and innovative aroma because of yeast fermentation and heat treatment. The innovative heated fermented pork hydrolyzates could be further processed into a nutritional and savoury pork broth and/or a meat sauce. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Synthetic Route of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Puchalska, Patrycja published the artcileHepatocyte-Macrophage Acetoacetate Shuttle Protects against Tissue Fibrosis, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is liver fibrosis hepatocyte macrophage acetoacetate TCA cycle mitochondrial metabolism; acetoacetate; beta-hydroxybutyrate; fibrosis; immunometabolism; ketone bodies; macrophages; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; stable isotope tracing untargeted metabolomics.

Metabolic plasticity has been linked to polarized macrophage function, but mechanisms connecting specific fuels to tissue macrophage function remain unresolved. Here we apply a stable isotope tracing, mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach to reveal the metabolome penetrated by hepatocyte-derived glucose and ketone bodies. In both classically and alternatively polarized macrophages, [13C]acetoacetate (AcAc) labeled ∼200 chem. features, but its reduced form D-[13C]β-hydroxybutyrate (D-βOHB) labeled almost none. [13C]glucose labeled ∼500 features, and while unlabeled AcAc competed with only ∼15% of them, the vast majority required the mitochondrial enzyme succinyl-CoA-oxoacid transferase (SCOT). AcAc carbon labeled metabolites within the cytoplasmic glycosaminoglycan pathway, which regulates tissue fibrogenesis. Accordingly, livers of mice lacking SCOT in macrophages were predisposed to accelerated fibrogenesis. Exogenous AcAc, but not D-βOHB, ameliorated diet-induced hepatic fibrosis. These data support a hepatocyte-macrophage ketone shuttle that segregates AcAc from D-βOHB, coordinating the fibrogenic response to hepatic injury via mitochondrial metabolism in tissue macrophages.

Cell Metabolism published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Knapp-Wilson, Amber published the artcileMaintenance of complex I and its supercomplexes by NDUF-11 is essential for mitochondrial structure, function and health in collection: mitochondria Amber Knapp-Wilson, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is complexI NDUF11 mitochondrial structure health collection; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cryo-electron tomography; Electron transfer chain; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial ultrastructure; NDUF-11; Respirasome; Respiration; Supercomplexes; Worm.

Mitochondrial supercomplexes form around a conserved core of monomeric complex I and dimeric complex III; wherein a subunit of the former, NDUFA11, is conspicuously situated at the interface. We identified nduf-11 (B0491.5) as encoding the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of NDUFA11. Animals homozygous for a CRISPR-Cas9-generated knockout allele of nduf-11 arrested at the second larval (L2) development stage. Reducing (but not eliminating) expression using RNAi allowed development to adulthood, enabling characterization of the consequences: destabilization of complex I and its supercomplexes and perturbation of respiratory function. The loss of NADH dehydrogenase activity was compensated by enhanced complex II activity, with the potential for detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS) production Cryo-electron tomog. highlighted aberrant morphol. of cristae and widening of both cristae junctions and the intermembrane space. The requirement of NDUF-11 for balanced respiration, mitochondrial morphol. and development presumably arises due to its involvement in complex I and supercomplex maintenance. This highlights the importance of respiratory complex integrity for health and the potential for its perturbation to cause mitochondrial disease.

Journal of Cell Science published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vakrou, Styliani published the artcileDifferences in molecular phenotype in mouse and human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse mol phenotype difference.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. We investigated the mol. basis of the cardiac phenotype in two mouse models at established disease stage (mouse-HCM), and human myectomy tissue (human-HCM). We analyzed the transcriptome in 2 mouse models with non-obstructive HCM (R403Q-MyHC, R92W-TnT)/littermate-control hearts at 24 wk of age, and in myectomy tissue of patients with obstructive HCM/control hearts (GSE36961, GSE36946). Addnl., we examined myocyte redox, cardiac mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), mt-respiration, mt-ROS generation/scavenging and mt-Ca2+ handling in mice. We identified distinct allele-specific gene expression in mouse-HCM, and marked differences between mouse-HCM and human-HCM. Only two genes (CASQ1, GPT1) were similarly dysregulated in both mutant mice and human-HCM. No signaling pathway or transcription factor was predicted to be similarly dysregulated (by Ingenuity Pathway Anal.) in both mutant mice and human-HCM. Losartan was a predicted therapy only in TnT-mutant mice. KEGG pathway anal. revealed enrichment for several metabolic pathways, but only pyruvate metabolism was enriched in both mutant mice and human-HCM. Both mutant mouse myocytes demonstrated evidence of an oxidized redox environment. Mitochondrial complex I RCR was lower in both mutant mice compared to controls. MyHC-mutant mice had similar mtDNA-CN and mt-Ca2+ handling, but TnT-mutant mice exhibited lower mtDNA-CN and impaired mt-Ca2+ handling, compared to littermate-controls. Mol. profiling reveals differences in gene expression, transcriptional regulation, intracellular signaling and mt-number/function in 2 mouse models at established disease stage. Further studies are needed to confirm differences in gene expression between mouse and human-HCM, and to examine whether cardiac phenotype, genotype and/or species differences underlie the divergence in mol. profiles.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

de Avila Silva, Lucas published the artcileSource strength modulates fruit set by starch turnover and export of both sucrose and amino acids in pepper, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is Capsicum source strength fruit starch turnover sucrose amino acid; Flowers; Metabolism; Nitrogen; Pepper; Shade; Yield.

Fruit set is an important yield-related parameter, which varies drastically due to genetic and environmental factors. Here, two com. cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Biquinho and Habanero) were evaluated in response to light intensity (unshaded and shaded) and N supply (deficiency and sufficiency) to understand the role of source strength on fruit set at the metabolic level. We assessed the metabolic balance of primary metabolites in source leaves during the flowering period. Furthermore, we investigated the metabolic balance of the same metabolites in flowers to gain more insights into their influence on fruit set. Genotype and N supply had a strong effect on fruit set and the levels of primary metabolites, whereas light intensity had a moderate effect. Higher fruit set was mainly related to the export of both sucrose and amino acids from source leaves to flowers. Addnl., starch turnover in source leaves, but not in flowers, had a central role on the sucrose supply to sink organs at night. In flowers, our results not only confirmed the role of the daily supply of carbohydrates on fruit set but also indicated a potential role of the balance of amino acids and malate.

Plant and Cell Physiology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tao, Nengguo published the artcileThe terpene limonene induced the green mold of citrus fruit through regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in Penicillium digitatum spores, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is limonene citrus reactive oxygen species Penicillium spore germination; Limonene; Penicillium digitatum; ROS homeostasis; Spore germination; Stimulatory role.

Herein, the dosage effect of limonene on the P. digitatum spore germination and its regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that limonene only at low concentrations displayed a stimulatory role, with the optimal concentration being 0.25 μL/mL. GC-MS and GC anal. revealed that limonene contents remained relative stable and no evidence of transformation was observed at stimulatory concentrations Metabolomics anal. showed that 61 metabolites including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, nucleosides, fatty acids, and their derivatives, were significantly changed (P < 0.05), suggesting the transitions between soluble sugars and energy-related metabolisms Proteomic anal. demonstrated that proteins in energy-related pathways and ROS homeostasis were also influenced. These were further confirmed by the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glutathione (GSH). Our present research indicates that ROS homeostasis is involved in the limonene induced spore germination of P. digitatum. Food Chemistry published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts