Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Li, Gen published the artcileMechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson’s disease patients, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is metabolome HIP2 IL1b neurotransmitter Parkinson disease training; Brain network; Mechanism; Motor symptoms; Parkinson’s disease; Tai Chi.

Tai Chi has been shown to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its long-term effects and the related mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi training on motor symptoms in PD and the underlying mechanisms. Ninety-five early-stage PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into Tai Chi (n = 32), brisk walking (n = 31) and no-exercise (n = 32) groups. At baseline, 6 mo and 12 mo during one-year intervention, all participants underwent motor symptom evaluation by Berg balance scale (BBS), Unified PD rating-scale (UPDRS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 3D gait anal., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), plasma cytokine and metabolomics anal., and blood Huntingtin interaction protein 2 (HIP2) mRNA level anal. Longitudinal self-changes were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA. GEE (generalized estimating equations) was used to assess factors associated with the longitudinal data of rating scales. Switch rates were used for fMRI anal. False discovery rate correction was used for multiple correction. Participants in the Tai Chi group had better performance in BBS, UPDRS, TUG and step width. Besides, Tai Chi was advantageous over brisk walking in improving BBS and step width. The improved BBS was correlated with enhanced visual network function and downregulation of interleukin-1β. The improvements in UPDRS were associated with enhanced default mode network function, decreased L-malic acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and increased adenosine and HIP2 mRNA levels. In addition, arginine biosynthesis, urea cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle and beta oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids were also improved by Tai Chi training. Long-term Tai Chi training improves motor function, especially gait and balance, in PD. The underlying mechanisms may include enhanced brain network function, reduced inflammation, improved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration.

Translational Neurodegeneration published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Walker, Robert P. published the artcileGluconeogenesis in Plants: A Key Interface between Organic Acid/Amino Acid/Lipid and Sugar Metabolism, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Review plant amino acid lipid sugar metabolism gluconeogenesis; gluconeogenesis; malate; malic enzyme; nitrogen metabolism; organic acids; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase; vacuole.

Gluconeogenesis is a key interface between organic acid/amino acid/lipid and sugar metabolism The aims of this article are four-fold. First, to provide a concise overview of plant gluconeogenesis. Second, to emphasize the widespread occurrence of gluconeogenesis and its utilization in diverse processes. Third, to stress the importance of the vacuolar storage and release of Krebs cycle acids/nitrogenous compounds, and of the role of gluconeogenesis and malic enzyme in this process. Fourth, to outline the contribution of fine control of enzyme activity to the coordinate-regulation of gluconeogenesis and malate metabolism, and the importance of cytosolic pH in this.

Molecules published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Flores, Monica published the artcileMeaty aroma notes from free amino acids and thiamine in nitrite-reduced, dry-fermented, yeast-inoculated sausages, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is thiamine amino acid nitrite dry fermented yeast sausage aroma; Amino acid; Dry sausage; Nitrite; Savoury; Thiamine; Yeast.

The contribution of free amino acids and thiamine to the production of potent meat aroma compounds in nitrite-reduced, dry-fermented sausages inoculated with a D. hansenii strain was the objective of this study. For this, three different sausage formulations were manufactured; a control and two formulations reduced by half in nitrate and nitrite and one of them inoculated with D. hansenii. Free amino acids, thiamine content and savoury volatile compounds were analyzed. Eleven savoury volatile compounds were quantitated. Among them, the most potent compounds above their odor thresholds were 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, methional, di-Me trisulfide and methyl-2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide. Their generation was affected by D. hansenii inoculation as shown by the decrease in methional and Me 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide content, and the increase of methionol. Nitrate and nitrite reduction did not significantly affect amino acid and thiamine contents.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Showalter, Megan R. published the artcilePrimed mesenchymal stem cells package exosomes with metabolites associated with immunomodulation, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mesenchymal stem cell exosome metabolite immunomodulation; Exosomes; Lipidomics; Mesenchymal stem cells; Metabolomics.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are currently being evaluated as a putative therapeutic in numerous human clin. trials. Recent reports have established that exosomes mediate much of the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Exosomes are nanovesicles which mediate intercellular communication, transmitting signals between cells which regulate a diverse range of biol. processes. MSC-derived exosomes are packaged with numerous types of proteins and RNAs, however, their metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to date have not been well characterized. We previously reported that MSCs, in response to priming culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironmental niche, substantially modulate cellular signaling and significantly increase the secretion of exosomes. Here we report that MSCs exposed to such priming conditions undergo glycolytic reprogramming, which homogenizes MSCs’ metabolomic profile. In addition, we establish that exosomes derive from primed MSCs are packaged with numerous metabolites that have been directly associated with immunomodulation, including M2 macrophage polarization and regulatory T lymphocyte induction.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Orians, Colin M. published the artcileCombined impacts of prolonged drought and warming on plant size and foliar chemistry, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is Plantago nitrogen malate catalpol foliar chem drought warming; Plantago lanceolate ; Amino acids; Boston Area Climate Experiment; climate warming; drought; foliar chemistry; iridoid glycosides; metabolite profiling; precipitation; sugars.

Background and Aims: Future shifts in precipitation regimes and temperature are expected to affect plant traits dramatically. To date, many studies have explored the effects of acute stresses, but few have investigated the consequences of prolonged shifts in climatic conditions on plant growth and chem. Methods: Plant size and metabolite profiles were assessed on naturally occurring Plantago lanceolata plants growing under different precipitation (ambient, 50% less than ambient = drought) and temperature (ambient, +0.8, +2.4 and +4.0°C above ambient) treatments at the Boston Area Climate Experiment (constructed in 2007). Key Results: The anal. of primary and secondary metabolites revealed pronounced effects of drought, and a precipitation x temperature interaction. Strikingly, the effects of precipitation were minimal at the two lower temperatures but marked at the two higher temperatures Compared with the ambient condition, plants in the drought plots had lower concentrations of foliar nitrogen, amino acids and most sugars, and higher concentrations of sorbitol, citrate and malate, common stress-induced metabolites. This pattern was especially evident at high temperatures Moreover, drought-exposed plants showed lower concentrations of catalpol, an iridoid glycoside. Conclusions: While the effect of warming on the metabolite profiles was less pronounced, differences were marked when combined with drought. Given the interactive effect of environmental variables on leaf chem., and the fact that woody and herbaceous plants seem to differ in their responses to temperature and precipitation, future studies should account for the direct and indirect effects of the community response to multifactorial field conditions.

Annals of Botany (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fausto, Catia published the artcileDifferential olive grove management regulates the levels of primary metabolites in xylem sap, Formula: C12H24O11, the main research area is octadecylglycerol gluconolactone xylem metabolite Olea.

Aims: The conventional management adopted in many Mediterranean olive orchards makes them more vulnerable to climate change and attacks by pathogens, due to the decreased chem. plant defenses. In this scenario, a metabolomic anal. was carried out on the xylem sap (Xsap) of olive plants (Olea europaea L.) grown in the Salento peninsula (Italy). Trials were carried out in two olive groves, one organically and one conventionally managed (controls), successively both converted to sustainable management (i.e. frequent light pruning, soil and foliar fertilization, cover crops). The Xsap was extracted from the shoots of olive plants using a Scholander pressure chamber pressurized with N2 and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry metabolite profiling was performed in the Xsap. An untargeted gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomic anal. of primary metabolites (including underivatized volatiles) of the Xsap revealed relative abundances of 153 identified metabolites and 336 unknown features across the 12 samples from four groups of samples. Among them, more than half were involved in the primary metabolism Many of the compounds with increased levels under sustainable management (such as amino acids, soluble sugars, sugar alcs.) have a well-known role as osmoprotectants or are involved in plant defense, growth and development during stress or recovery stages. Sustainable management in olive groves can increase the ability of plants to overcome environmental stressors and enhance ecosystem balance.

Plant and Soil published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Formula: C12H24O11.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lv, Jing published the artcileRelationships between bacterial community and metabolites of sour meat at different temperature during the fermentation., Product Details of C8H18O, the main research area is Lactobacillus lactic amino acid fermentation temperature sour meat; Amino acid; Flavor; Microbial community; Sour meat fermentation; Temperature; Volatile organic compound.

This study was designed to explore the temperature effects on bacterial communities and metabolites, as well as their relationships during the fermentation of sour meat, a traditional fermented meat product in the ethnic minority regions of China. Results showed that reduction of pH and increase of lactic acid and free amino acid contents occurred (p < 0.05) as the fermentation temperature and time increased, and the tendency was more apparent at higher temperature During the fermentation, Lactobacillus gradually replaced other genera, and higher the temperature, more rapid was the process. Both the number and amount of volatile organic compounds increased at higher temperatures Hexanal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 1-octen-3-ol and octanal were identified as the key volatile organic compounds produced by Lactobacillus in sour meat as main contributors to odor as confirmed by variable importance in the projection anal. Redundancy anal. and Pearson correlation showed pos. correlation between Lactobacillus and desired product characteristics, such as higher content of lactic acid, free amino acids, volatile organic compounds, and lower pH and water activity values, which may represent a better quality and longer shelf life after fermentation at higher temperature Therefore fermentation at 20°C and 25°C are proposed as optimum temperatures for sour meat production International Journal of Food Microbiology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Product Details of C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Guoqi published the artcileImproving the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using clustered microcapsules, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is clustered microcapsule carbon fiber epoxy composite fracture toughness.

The composite laminates are susceptible to delamination between reinforcing plies during their long-term service. In this paper, we propose a modified carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminate with embedded clustered dual-component microcapsules in order to increase the interlaminar fracture toughness of the lamina. The details of microcapsules were illustrated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The modified CF/EP composite laminates were fabricated using hot-compaction technique. Mode I interlaminar fracture tests were conducted using double cantilever beam specimens, then the values of opening fracture toughness GIC were calculated to evaluate the toughening effect of modified laminates. The toughening mechanism was revealed and discussed through micrographs of the fracture surfaces obtained by ultra-depth microscope and SEM. The results show that clustered microcapsules after polymerization are equal to special Z-pinning, significantly enhancing the ability of crack arrest, and largely and roundly improved the GIC values of resultant composite laminates. Meanwhile, the clustered microcapsules and matrix resin formed a second-phase material layer, which also absorbed the fracture energy and suppressed the expansion of cracks.

Polymer Testing published new progress about Aminoplasts Role: MOA (Modifier or Additive Use), PRP (Properties), USES (Uses). 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kassara, Stella published the artcilePectolytic enzyme reduces the concentration of colloidal particles in wine due to changes in polysaccharide structure and aggregation properties, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is penzyme polysaccharide colloidal particle aggregation property.

To explore the effect of pectolytic enzyme application on polysaccharide size and colloidal interactions, rose wines were prepared from pressed Shiraz grape juice, and red wines were made from the same juice by the addition of skins and seeds from fresh pressings. A pectolytic enzyme preparation containing primarily polygalacturonase and side-activities of arabinase and pectin lyase was used. Enzyme treatment enhanced the contribution of high mol. weight (≈ 200 kDa) polysaccharides rich in mannose and glucose (mannoproteins) and removed arabinose-rich polysaccharides of intermediate (≈ 40 kDa) size. Enzyme application reduced the mol. weight average of a class of smaller polysaccharides of approx. 6 kDa (rhamnogalacturonan II). All wines had similar particle sizes, but enzyme treatment markedly reduced particle concentration in wines, particularly in rose wines. Wine polysaccharides were purified and when reconstituted in model wine, showed reduced particle concentration in response to enzyme treatment. Aggregation of polysaccharide in the presence of seed tannin was also markedly reduced by enzyme treatment. The results indicated that changes in structure introduced by the enzyme affected wine colloidal properties, potentially increasing polysaccharide solubility

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: FFD (Food or Feed Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Maza, Marcos Andres published the artcileInfluence of pulsed electric fields on aroma and polyphenolic compounds of Garnacha wine, Application In Synthesis of 505-10-2, the main research area is garnacha wine aroma polyphenolic compound pulsed elec field.

The potential of pulsed elec. fields (PEF) for improving polyphenol extraction, decreasing maceration and increasing aroma compounds in the course of the winemaking process were investigated. Twelve tons of Garnacha grapes were processed at a flow rate of 2500 kg h-1, and wines obtained from untreated and PEF-treated (4.0 kV cm-1) grapes after 3 and 6 days of maceration were compared. The highest values of total anthocyanin, total polyphenolic, tannin content, and color intensity were obtained with PEF-treated grapes as well as when the maceration period was extended. The higher tannin concentration observed in PEF-treated wines was a consequence of a higher degree of extraction of tannins located in the grape skins rather than in the seeds. Finally, PEF contributed to the extraction of some individual precursors pos. for aroma.These results, obtained at conditions very close to requirements at industrial scale, may encourage the adoption of PEF technol. by wineries.

Food and Bioproducts Processing published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: FFD (Food or Feed Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Application In Synthesis of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts