Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Park, In Young published the artcileMannosylated polyethylenimine coupled mesoporous silica nanoparticles for receptor-mediated gene delivery, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, the publication is International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2008), 359(1-2), 280-287, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Organic-inorganic nanohybrids have been studied for their use as nonviral transfection agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) coupled with mannosylated polyethylenimine (MP) to transfect plasmid DNA in vitro. Although MSN is biocompatible and has low cytotoxicity, it is not easily transfected into a variety of cell types. To overcome this barrier, MP was coupled to MSN (abbreviated as MPS) to target macrophage cells with mannose receptors and enhance transfection efficiency. The DNA conveyance ability of MPS was examined by evaluating properties such as particle size, zeta potential, complex formation, protection of plasmid DNA against DNase-I, and the release of DNA upon cell entry. Particle sizes of the MPS/DNA complexes decreased with increasing weight ratio of MPS to DNA, while the zeta potential increased. Complete MPS/DNA complexes were formed at a weight ratio of five, and their resistance to DNase-I was evaluated. Cytotoxicity studies showed that MPS/DNA complexes resulted in a high percentage of cell viability, compared with PEI 25K as a vector. The transfection efficiency of MPS/DNA complexes was evaluated on Raw 264.7 and HeLa cell lines. It was found that MPS/DNA complexes showed enhanced transfection efficiency through receptor-mediated endocytosis via mannose receptors. These results indicate that MPS can be employed in the future as a potential gene carrier to antigen presenting cells.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C13H15NO6S, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Song, Soo-Yeol published the artcile2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic anhydride inhibits neuroinflammation in cellular and experimental animal models of Parkinson’s disease, Synthetic Route of 328-90-5, the publication is International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2020), 21(21), 8195, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the key mechanisms involved in acute brain injury and chronic neurodegeneration. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic anhydride (HMA), a novel synthetic derivative of HTB (3-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid) on neuroinflammation and underlying mechanisms in activated microglia in vitro and an in vivo mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In vitro studies revealed that HMA significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated excessive release of nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, HMA significantly suppressed both inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the mRNA and protein levels in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells. Moreover, HMA significantly inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Furthermore, mechanistic studies ensured that the potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects of HMA (0.1, 1.0, and 10μM) were mediated by phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. In vivo evaluations revealed that i.p. administration of potent neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 20 mg/kg, four times a 1 day) in mice resulted in activation of microglia in the brain in association with severe behavioral deficits as assessed using a pole test. However, prevention of microglial activation and attenuation of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like behavioral changes was obtained by oral administration of HMA (30 mg/kg) for 14 days. Considering the overall results, our study showed that HMA exhibited strong anti-neuroinflammatory effects at lower concentrations than its parent compound Further work is warranted in other animal and genetic models of PD for evaluating the efficacy of HMA to develop a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders, including PD.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7NO4, Synthetic Route of 328-90-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kim, Han Ung published the artcileDirect conversion of lignin to high-quality biofuels by carbon dioxide-assisted hydrolysis combined with transfer hydrogenolysis over supported ruthenium catalysts, Formula: C9H12O, the publication is Energy Conversion and Management (2022), 115607, database is CAplus.

The central challenge in the biomass-to-fuel conversion process lies in the development of a catalytic strategy for the full utilization of each biomass component, to realize maximum carbon efficiency. In particular, the effective conversion of lignin into biomass is a major bottleneck because of its recalcitrant structure, necessitating the development of new catalytic reaction systems. Here, for the first time, a new hybrid reaction approach involving carbon dioxide-assisted hydrolysis and transfer hydrogenolysis using alcs. as hydrogen donors in a single reactor was investigated for the effective depolymerization of lignin. Specifically, the supercritical carbon dioxide-induced carbonic acid resulted in considerable acidity in the water/alc. reaction media, enhancing the hydrolytic depolymerization of solid lignin to soluble oligomers. The addition of supported metal catalysts (e.g., Ru/C) further depolymerized the oligomers to monomeric phenols through hydrogenolysis using the hydrogen produced in situ from alc. solvents. Systematic parameter studies on the carbon dioxide pressure, water/alc. mixing ratio, type of alc., catalyst addition, and temperature were performed to elucidate the synergistic role of carbon dioxide catalysis and transfer hydrogenolysis in lignin depolymerization Overall, for organosolv lignin, high biocrude oil and monomer yields of �75 and �21.4 wt%, resp., were successfully obtained at 300°C and 40 bar-carbon dioxide after 4 h using a water/ethanol cosolvent at a 25:75 ratio and Ru/C as a catalyst. The effectiveness of the combined carbon dioxide catalysis and transfer hydrogenolysis approach was further demonstrated in the direct depolymerization of lignin in raw biomass.

Energy Conversion and Management published new progress about 645-56-7. 645-56-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 4-Propylphenol, and the molecular formula is C9H12O, Formula: C9H12O.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Van Houten, Kelly A. published the artcileA New Strategy for the Design of Monoamine Oxidase Inactivators. Exploratory Studies with Tertiary Allylic and Propargylic Amino Alcohols, SDS of cas: 101-98-4, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1998), 120(24), 5864-5872, database is CAplus.

A new strategy for the design of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors is proposed. The strategy is based on the premise that tertiary amine-containing MAO inactivators which operate by alkylation of active site nucleophiles are activated in situ by single electron transfer (SET) to the MAO-flavin cofactor to form aminium cation radicals which undergo secondary fragmentation reactions to produce reactive electrophiles. The purpose of the current work was to assess the feasibility and applicability of this proposal for the design of new families of MAO inactivators. Based on the documented retro-aldol type fragmentation reactivity of β-amino alc. cation radicals, tertiary β-allylic and propargylic β-amino alcs. were expected to serve as precursors of conjugated ketones in SET-promoted processes. Evidence supporting this hypothesis was gained from studies of model SET-photoreactions of members of this amino alc. family with 3-methyllumiflavin. The efficient production of 4a- and 4a,5-flavin adducts in these excited-state reactions demonstrates that aminium radicals, arising by SET-oxidation of tertiary β-allylic and -propargylic β-amino alcs., fragment to generate α,β-unsaturated ketones which react rapidly with the simultaneously formed 3MLF-hydroflavin anion. The second feature of the MAO-inactivator design strategy pathway was tested by examining reactions of the MAOs with substances which contain electrophilic, conjugated enone and ynone moieties tethered to amine functions to ensure delivery to the enzyme active sites. The covalent modification of active site cysteine thiol residues by the unsaturated ketone groups in these substances was confirmed by demonstrating that they serve as active site-directed, time-dependent, nonredox based, inactivators of MAO-A and MAO-B. In the key test of the feasibility of the new MAO-inactivator design strategy, it was shown that selected tertiary β-allylic and -propargylic β-amino alcs. undergo redox reactions in the MAO-A active site which result in inactivation of the enzyme via covalent modification of a single cysteine residue. The exptl. results which support the conclusions stated above are presented and discussed in this paper.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 101-98-4. 101-98-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Alcohol, name is 2-(Benzyl(methyl)amino)ethanol, and the molecular formula is C4H10O2, SDS of cas: 101-98-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ha, Eun Kyo published the artcilePersonal exposure to total VOC is associated with symptoms of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren, Formula: C8H8O3, the publication is Journal of Korean Medical Science (2022), 37(8), e63, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The urinary levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites provide individual exposure levels compared to data obtained by measuring these compounds in ambient air. We aimed to investigate the association between personal urinary concentrations of VOC metabolites and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren. Nine urinary VOC metabolites were analyzed from urine samples of 149 children. Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was determined using standardized questionnaires. Pediatricians visited the schools and rated the severity of symptoms using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) in all children. Forty-five children (30.2%) had atopic dermatitis based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) results and 35 children (23.8%) had symptoms of atopic dermatitis with pos. SCORAD index values (defined as SCORAD �5). Children with benzylmercapturic acid detected in personal urines were associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and pos. SCORAD index values. Children in the highest quartile of mandelic acid concentration were associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and pos. SCORAD results. Conclusion: Personal exposure to VOCs, as indicated by urinary levels of VOC metabolites, was associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and the SCORAD index value.

Journal of Korean Medical Science published new progress about 90-64-2. 90-64-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Alcohol,Natural product, name is 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Formula: C8H8O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shim, Young Key published the artcileUtilization of 1-[(methanesulfonyl)oxy]-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzotriazole (FMS) as a coupling agent for the esterification of dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid, Name: 2-(Benzyl(methyl)amino)ethanol, the publication is Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society (1988), 9(3), 187-8, database is CAplus.

Dihydropyridinedicarboxylates I [R = Et, CHMe₂, (CH₂)₁₀H, CH₂CH₂OMe, CH₂CH₂NMeCH₂Ph, cyclohexyl, CH₂Ph, Ph] were prepared from monoester I (R = H) via benzotriazolyl Me dihydropyridinedicarboxylate II. Thus, I (R = H) was treated with FMS to give II, which was heated with EtOH to give I (R = Et).

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society published new progress about 101-98-4. 101-98-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Alcohol, name is 2-(Benzyl(methyl)amino)ethanol, and the molecular formula is C6H17NO3Si, Name: 2-(Benzyl(methyl)amino)ethanol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sturgeon, Matthew R. published the artcileA Mechanistic Investigation of Acid-Catalyzed Cleavage of Aryl-Ether Linkages: Implications for Lignin Depolymerization in Acidic Environments, SDS of cas: 70110-65-5, the publication is ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2014), 2(3), 472-485, database is CAplus.

Acid catalysis has long been used to depolymerize plant cell wall polysaccharides, and the mechanisms by which acid affects carbohydrates have been extensively studied. Lignin depolymerization, however, is not as well understood, primarily due to the heterogeneity and reactivity of lignin. We present an exptl. and theor. study of acid-catalyzed cleavage of two non-phenolic and two phenolic dimers that exhibit the β-O-4 ether linkage, the most common intermonomer bond in lignin. This work demonstrates that the rate of acid-catalyzed β-O-4 cleavage in dimers exhibiting a phenolic hydroxyl group is 2 orders of magnitude faster than in non-phenolic dimers. The experiments suggest that the major product distribution is similar for all model compounds, but a stable phenyl-dihydrobenzofuran species is observed in the acidolysis of two of the γ-carbinol containing model compounds The presence of a methoxy substituent, commonly found in native lignin, prevents the formation of this intermediate. Reaction pathways were examined with quantum mech. calculations, which aid in explaining the substantial differences in reactivity. Moreover, we use a radical scavenger to show that the commonly proposed homolytic cleavage pathway of phenolic β-O-4 linkages is unlikely in acidolysis conditions. Overall, this study explains the disparity between rates of β-O-4 cleavage seen in model compound experiments and acid pretreatment of biomass, and implies that depolymerization of lignin during acid-catalyzed pretreatment or fractionation will proceed via a heterolytic, unzipping mechanism wherein β-O-4 linkages are cleaved from the phenolic ends of branched, polymer chains inward toward the core of the polymer.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about 70110-65-5. 70110-65-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Benzene,Alcohol,Ether,Benzene Compounds, name is 2-Phenoxy-1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol, and the molecular formula is C9H20Cl2Si, SDS of cas: 70110-65-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Koo, Jangwoo published the artcileHydrogenation of silyl formates: sustainable production of silanol and methanol from hydrosilane and carbon dioxide, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2018), 54(39), 4995-4998, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A new process for simultaneously obtaining two chem. building blocks, MeOH and silanol, was realized starting from silyl formates which can be derived from silane and CO₂. Understanding the reaction mechanism enabled the authors to improve the reaction efficiency by the addition of a small amount of MeOH.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about 597-52-4. 597-52-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Triethylsilanol, and the molecular formula is C6H16OSi, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kim, Hanseol published the artcileA single amino acid substitution in aromatic hydroxylase (HpaB) of Escherichia coli alters substrate specificity of the structural isomers of hydroxyphenylacetate, Safety of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, the publication is BMC Microbiology (2020), 20(1), 109, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A broad range of aromatic compounds can be degraded by enteric bacteria, and hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) degrading bacteria are the most widespread. Majority of Escherichia coli strains can use both the structural isomers of HPA, 3HPA and 4HPA, as the sole carbon source, which are catabolized by the same pathway whose associated enzymes are encoded by hpa gene cluster. Previously, we observed that E. coli B REL606 grew only on 4HPA, while E. coli B BL21(DE3) grew on 3HPA as well as 4HPA. In this study, we report that a single amino acid in 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (HpaB) of E. coli determines the substrate specificity of HPA isomers. Alignment of protein sequences encoded in hpa gene clusters of BL21(DE3) and REL606 showed that there was a difference of only one amino acid (position 379 in HpaB) between the two, viz., Arg in BL21(DE3) and Cys in REL606. REL606 cells expressing HpaB having Arg379 could grow on 3HPA, whereas those expressing HpaB with Gly379 or Ser379 could not. Structural anal. suggested that the amino acid residue at position 379 of HpaB is located not in the active site, but in the vicinity of the 4HPA binding site, and that it plays an important role in mediating the entrance and stable binding of substrates to the active site. The arginine residue at position 379 of HpaB is critical for 3HPA recognition. Information regarding the effect of amino acid residues on the substrate specificity of structural isomers can facilitate in designing hydoxylases with high catalytic efficiency and versatility.

BMC Microbiology published new progress about 621-37-4. 621-37-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol,Natural product, name is 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Safety of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Min, Kyueng-Whan published the artcileHigh polymerase ε expression associated with increased CD8+T cells improves survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is PLoS One (2020), 15(5), e0233066, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

DNA replicase polymerase ε (POLE) is critical in proofreading and correcting errors of DNA replication. Low POLE expression plays a pivotal role in accumulation of mutations and onset of cancer, contributing to development and growth of tumor cells. The aim of this study is to reveal the survival, alternative genes and antitumoral immune activities in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with low POLE expression and provide treatment strategies that can increase their survival rates. This study investigated the clinicopathol. parameters, various tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), endogenous retrovirus, mol. interactions and in vitro drug screen according to POLE mutation/expression in 168 and 1,019 NSCLC patients from the Konkuk University Medical Center (KUMC) and the Cancer Genome Atlas, resp. We identified mutations of 75 genes in the sequencing panels, with POLE frame shift p.V1446fs being the most frequent (56.8%) in KUMC based on 170 targeted sequencing panels. Mutant and high expression of POLE correlated with favorable prognosis with increased TILs and tumor mutation burden, compared with wild type and low expression of POLE. We found specific mol. interactions associated with cell cycle and antigen presentation. An in vitro drug screen identified dasatinib that inhibited growth of the NSCLC cell line with low POLE expression. POLE could contribute to the future development of anticancer drugs for patients with NSCLC.

PLoS One published new progress about 518303-20-3. 518303-20-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Apoptosis,Bcl-2, name is 2-((4-(4-Bromophenylsulfonamido)-1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)thio)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C18H14BrNO5S2, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts