Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

A study on prescription pattern of chronic kidney disease in tertiary care hospital was written by Saraswathi Pravallika, M.;Sampreethi, H.;Anusha, C. H.;Rohini, K.;Shete, Shivkumar. And the article was included in European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

The aim of the present investigation is to study the prescription pattern of chronic kidney disease in tertiary care hospital. The objective of the study was to study the prescription patterns of drugs used in chronic kidney disease and other comorbid conditions and to identify which drug is mostly prescribed at that hospital. To assess the rationality of prescription. To evaluate the medication adherence in CKD patients. The study on prescribing pattern definitely improves the quality of prescription writing, so study of drug prescribing pattern is relevant in the present scenario. To evaluate the prevalence of correct dosing in chronic kidney diseases depending on renal function estimation This is a retrospective, prospective observational study conducted over a period of six months. The study was conducted at Medicine ward of GLENEAGLES AWARE GLOBAL HOSPITAL LB.NAGAR. Patients who admitted to Nephrol. department of the hospital during a six- month period from Oct. 2021 to March 2021 are enrolled. CKD patients visiting the nephrologists are evaluated, diagnosed and prescribed with suitable therapy. All necessary details were collected from patient demographics, prescription chart, lab data, progress chart, medical records, doctor’s notes, nursing notes using a suitable designed data collection form. One hundred one patients were included in the project; with a mean age of 62.5. ± 18 years. More than half of patients were male, 77(76.2%). The mean BMI was 26 ± 1.15 kg/ m². The majority of patients were having normal weight 80 (79.2%), 15 (14.8%) patients had overweight, and obesity and only 6 (5.9%) patients were underweight. While 35 (34.6%) patients were smokers, 10 (9.9%) were ex-smokers and 56 (55.4%) patients were non- smokers. Anti- hypertensive agents are predominantly used among the patients. The most preferred options were beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and diuretics. Most of the physicians prescribed metoprolol (18.2%), amlodipine (38.3%), and cilnidipine (2%). Diuretics were the preferred option by the physician furosemide (92.3%), anti-platelets that are prescribed by the physicians are Aspirin (69.2%), clopidogrel (30.7%). Among the lipid lowering agents, atorvastatin (92.8%) was given to the most of the patients. sulbactam (20.4%), cefoperazone (20.4%), clarithromycin (10.25%), amoxycillin (10.25%) were mostly prescribed antibiotics in the study. The study concluded that most of the patients included in the study were suffering from chronic kidney disease. These may be due to their food habits, smoking, less exercise and poor health hygiene. The maximum number of patients was male; it may be due to smoking and alc. habits. Comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, albuminuria, renal structure, and sex hormones, have been reported to have different effects on males and females. Thus, CKD progression may differ depending on sex. Early recognition with timely initiation of treatment in collaboration with nephrologists will improve the care for CKD patients. Thus, physicians and Nephrologists play an important outcome in patients with CKD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tertiary amines as highly efficient catalysts in the ring-opening reactions of epoxides with amines or thiols in H₂O: expeditious approach to β-amino alcohols and β-aminothioethers was written by Wu, Jie;Xia, Hong-Guang. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2005.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Ring-opening of epoxides with various amines or thiols catalyzed by DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclic[2,2,2]octane) or Et₃N (1 mol%) in water afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. I. Synthesis and hypotensive activity of 4-(substituted pyridyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was written by Ashimori, Atsuyuki;Ono, Taizo;Uchida, Takeshi;Ohtaki, Yutaka;Fukaya, Chikara;Watanabe, Masahiro;Yokoyama, Kazumasa. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1990.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A series of 4-(substituted pyridyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives I (R = H, halo, CF₃, etc.) were synthesized and their hypotensive effects examined Several compounds have a hypotensive activity parallel to that of nicardipine; the 4-(3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl) and 4-(2-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridyl) derivatives, in particular, had approx. twice the duration of nicardipine, and the 4-(4-cyano-2-pyridyl) derivative had the most potent hypotensive activity of all the derivatives synthesized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-53-0Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 131747-53-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of sodium alginate-based antioxidant and antibacterial bioactive films added with IRMOF-3/Carvacrol was written by Ning, Haoyue;Lu, Lixin;Xu, Jing;Lu, Lijing;Pan, Liao;Lin, Zidong. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2022.Synthetic Route of C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different concentrations of the amine-functionalized isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 loaded with carvacrol (IRMOF-3/CA) on the properties of sodium alginate (SA) composite films, thus determining the optimal addition amount and further preparing bioactive packaging film with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The morphol., structure, phys. properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the films were characterized and analyzed. The results showed that the thermal stability and light barrier property of the films were improved by the addition of IRMOF-3/CA. When the addnl. concentration was 0.4 wt%, the tensile, water vapor barrier and hydrophobic properties of the films were increased by 30.13%, 9.06% and 46.43% resp. compared with those of pure SA film. Moreover, the film added with IRMOF-3/CA had sustained antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and had an apparent fresh-keeping effect on pork, suggesting its application potential in food packaging. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Synthetic Route of C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Depolymerizable Poly(O-vinyl carbamate-alt-sulfones) as Customizable Macromolecular Scaffolds for Mucosal Drug Delivery was written by Kumar, Kaushlendra;Castano, Eduard Jimenez;Weidner, Andrew R.;Yildirim, Adem;Goodwin, Andrew P.. And the article was included in ACS Macro Letters in 2016.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Interest in stimulus responsive materials and polymers has grown over the years, having shown great promise in a diverse set of applications. For drug delivery, stimulus-responsive polymers have been shown to encapsulate therapeutics such as small mol. drugs or proteins, deliver them to specific locations in the body, and release them so that they can induce a therapeutic effect in the patient. Most hydrolytically degradable polymers are synthesized via nucleophilic, anionic, or cationic polymerization, which generally requires protection of nucleophilic or protic side chains prior to polymerization Here, we report the synthesis of novel, alternating copolymers of sulfur dioxide and O-vinyl carbamate monomers that boast excellent functional group tolerance and pH-dependent instability. Alternating copolymers were synthesized containing pendant functionalities such as alc., carboxylic acid, ester, and azide without deprotection or postpolymn. modification. The copolymers were then formulated via nanopptn. into polymer nanoparticles capable of encapsulating small mol. dyes. The polymer nanoparticles were found to degrade rapidly at pH > 6 but were stable even in highly acidic conditions. Based on this observation, a proof-of-concept study for mucosal delivery was performed using polymer nanoparticles entrapped in a mucus model. At pH 8, the diffusion of encapsulated dye was found to be similar to free dye, while at pH 5 the diffusion coefficient was an order of magnitude lower. Cell viability was retained at 200 μg/mL particles after 24 h incubation. These polymers thus show promise as customizable scaffolds for mucosal drug delivery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heteroarylmethoxyphenylalkoxyiminoalkylcarboxylic acids as leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors was written by Kolasa, Teodozyj;Gunn, David E.;Bhatia, Pramila;Woods, Keith W.;Gane, Todd;Stewart, Andrew O.;Bouska, Jennifer B.;Harris, Richard R.;Hulkower, Keren I.;Malo, Peter E.;Bell, Randy L.;Carter, George W.;Brooks, Clint D. W.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2000.COA of Formula: C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

A novel series of heteroarylmethoxyphenylalkoxyiminoalkylcarboxylic acids was studied as leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors. The hypothesis of structure-activity optimization by insertion of an oxime moiety was investigated using REV-5901 as a starting point. A systematic structure-activity optimization showed that the spatial arrangement and stereochem. of the oxime insertion unit proved to be important for inhibitory activity. A promising lead inhibited LTB₄ biosynthesis in the intact human neutrophil with IC₅₀ of 8 nM and had superior oral activity in vivo, in a rat pleurisy model (ED₅₀ = 0.14 mg/kg) and rat anaphylaxis model (ED₅₀ = 0.13 mg/kg). Spa. In a model of lung inflammation, the compound blocked LTE₄ biosynthesis (ED₅₀ of 0.1 mg/kg) and eosinophil influx (ED₅₀ of 0.2 mg/kg). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9COA of Formula: C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Diarylmethane synthesis through Re₂O₇-catalyzed bimolecular dehydrative Friedel-Crafts reactions was written by Qin, Qi;Xie, Youwei;Floreancig, Paul E.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 220227-37-2 This article mentions the following:

The application of Re₂O₇ for the synthesis of diarylmethanes from benzylic alcs. through solvolysis followed by Friedel-Crafts alkylation was described. The reactions were characterized by broad substrate scope, low catalyst loadings, high chem. yields and minimal waste generation. The intermediate perrhenate esters were superior leaving groups to chlorides and bromides in these reactions. The polarity and water sequestering capacity of hexafluoroisopropyl alc. were critical to the success of these processes. Re₂O₇ was a precatalyst for HOReO₃, which served as a less costly and easily handled promoter for these reactions. Oxorhenium catalysts selectively activate alcs. in the presence of similarly substituted acetates, indicating a unique chemoselectivity and mechanism in comparison to Bronsted acid catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2HPLC of Formula: 220227-37-2).

(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 220227-37-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones Catalyzed by Salt-Free Two Samarium Centers Supported by a Chiral Multidentate Alkoxy Ligand was written by Ohno, Kouji;Kataoka, Yasutaka;Mashima, Kazushi. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2004.Product Details of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The authors synthesized a chiral multidentate ligand, (R,R,R,R)-N,N,N’,N’-tetra(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1,3-xylylene diamine [(R)-I], which can support two metals at adjacent positions. Asym. transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and its derivatives was conducted by using salt-free bimetallic lanthanoid complexes of (R)-I, and the combination of two samarium atoms and (R)-I was found to be the best catalyst system for asym. transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones in high enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Product Details of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Product Details of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

2-Amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine was written by Goswami, Shyamaprosad;Dey, Swapan;Fun, Hoong Kun;Chantrapromma, Suchada. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2006.Application of 79651-64-2 This article mentions the following:

Crystals of the title compound are monoclinic, space group P2₁/c; Z = 4. The mol. is almost planar; the hydroxymethyl group deviates slightly from the plane of the ring. The mols. are linked into a chain running along the a-axis direction by an O-H…N H bond. N-H…O and N-H…N H bonds connect the chains, forming a mol. layer parallel to the (001) plane. A C-H…π interaction is also observed in the layer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 79651-64-2Application of 79651-64-2).

(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 79651-64-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 79651-64-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary protein substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larval meal on growth and physiological responses of juvenile striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was written by Sudha, Chandrasekaran;Ahilan, Baboonsundaram;Felix, Nathan;Uma, Arumugam;Prabu, Elangovan. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary black soldier fly larval meal (BSFLM) on growth performances, digestive enzyme activity, haematol. responses and muscle growth-related gene expression of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with BSFLM to replace fishmeal at 0 per cent (T0), 20 per cent (T20), 40 per cent (T40), 60 per cent (T60), 80 per cent (T80) and 100 per cent (T100). A total of 540 fingerlings were randomly distributed into 18 tanks and fed thrice a day. Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed T20, T40 and T60 diets were not significantly different from T0 diet. However, increasing the percentage of fishmeal replacement with BSFLM to 100% at an inclusion level of 292 g/kg resulted in a substantial reduction in growth and feed efficiency of striped catfish. Fish fed T80 and T100 diets had significantly lower whole-body crude protein, crude lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride value than fish fed other exptl. diets, while dietary inclusion of BSFLM had no significant effect on the whole-body amino acid profile, haematol. responses and intestinal and liver protease and amylase activity of striped catfish. However, lipase activity was increased in fish fed T80 and T100 diets. T80 and T100 hepatocytes were shown to have greater congestion in histol. than other groups. The relative expression of MyoD and myogenin was significantly maximized in fish fed the T60 diet. Fishmeal may be replaced with BSFLM up to 60 per cent at an inclusion level of 174 g/kg in the diet of juvenile striped catfish. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts