Category: 97-67-6

Pereira, Susana P. published the artcileImproving pollutants environmental risk assessment using a multi model toxicity determination with in vitro, bacterial, animal and plant model systems: The case of the herbicide alachlor, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is alachlor herbicide environmental risk assessment Lemna Bacillus cancer; Herbicide; In vitro toxicology; Mammalian cell viability; Plant and mitochondria toxicology; Pollutants.

Several environmental pollutants, including pesticides, herbicides and persistent organic pollutants play an important role in the development of chronic diseases. However, most studies have examined environmental pollutants toxicity in target organisms or using a specific toxicol. test, losing the real effect throughout the ecosystem. In this sense an integrative environmental risk of pollutants assessment, using different model organisms is necessary to predict the real impact in the ecosystem and implications for target and non-target organisms. The objective of this study was to use alachlor, a chloroacetanilide herbicide responsible for chronic toxicity, to understand its impact in target and non-target organisms and at different levels of biol. organization by using several model organisms, including membranes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), rat liver mitochondria, bacterial (Bacillus stearothermophilus), plant (Lemna gibba) and mammalian cell lines (HeLa and neuro2a). Our results demonstrated that alachlor strongly interacted with membranes of DPPC and interfered with mitochondrial bioenergetics by reducing the respiratory control ratio and the transmembrane potential. Moreover, alachlor also decreased the growth of B. stearothermophilus and its respiratory activity, as well as decreased the viability of both mammalian cell lines. The values of TC50 increased in the following order: Lemna gibba < neuro2a < HeLa cells < Bacillus stearothermophilus. Together, the results suggest that biol. membranes constitute a putative target for the toxic action of this lipophilic herbicide and point out the risks of its dissemination on environment, compromising ecosystem equilibrium and human health. Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Chlorophylls Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kamran, Muhammad published the artcileRole of TaALMT1 malate-GABA transporter in alkaline pH tolerance of wheat, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is ALMT1 GABA transporter alk pH tolerance wheat; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; aluminate; aluminum; barley; gama-aminobutyric acid; proton efflux; rhizosphere acidification.

Malate exudation through wheat (Triticum aestivum L) aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (TaALMT1) confers Al3+ tolerance at low pH, but is also activated by alk. pH, and is regulated by and facilitates significant transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, a zwitterionic buffer). Therefore, TaALMT1 may facilitate acidification of an alk. rhizosphere by promoting exudation of both malate and GABA. Here, the performance of wheat near isogenic lines ET8 (Al+3-tolerant, high TaALMT1 expression) and ES8 (Al+3-sensitive, low TaALMT1 expression) are compared. Root growth (at 5 wk) was higher for ET8 than ES8 at pH 9. ET8 roots exuded more malate and GABA at high pH and acidified the rhizosphere more rapidly. GABA and malate exudation was enhanced at high pH by the addition of aluminate in both ET8 and transgenic barley expressing TaALMT1. Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TaALMT1 acidified an alk. media more rapidly than controls corresponding to higher GABA efflux. TaALMT1 expression did not change under alk. conditions but key genes involved in GABA turnover changed in accordance with a high rate of GABA synthesis. We propose that TaALMT1 plays a role in alk. tolerance by exuding malate and GABA, possibly coupled to proton efflux.

Plant, Cell & Environment published new progress about Chlorophylls Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Yuan published the artcileThe metabolic origins of non-photorespiratory CO2 release during photosynthesis: a metabolic flux analysis, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Camelina sativa carbon dioxide photosynthesis metabolic flux analysis.

Respiration in the light (RL) releases CO2 in photosynthesizing leaves and is a phenomenon that occurs independently from photorespiration. Since RL lowers net carbon fixation, understanding RL could help improve plant carbon-use efficiency and models of crop photosynthesis. Although RL was identified more than 75 years ago, its biochem. mechanisms remain unclear. To identify reactions contributing to RL, we mapped metabolic fluxes in photosynthesizing source leaves of the oilseed crop and model plant camelina (Camelina sativa). We performed a flux anal. using isotopic labeling patterns of central metabolites during 13CO2 labeling time course, gas exchange, and carbohydrate production rate experiments To quantify the contributions of multiple potential CO2 sources with statistical and biol. confidence, we increased the number of metabolites measured and reduced biol. and tech. heterogeneity by using single mature source leaves and quickly quenching metabolism by directly injecting liquid N2; we then compared the goodness-of-fit between these data and data from models with alternative metabolic network structures and constraints. Our anal. predicted that RL releases 5.2 μmol CO2 g-1 FW h-1 of CO2, which is relatively consistent with a value of 9.3μmol CO2 g-1 FW h-1 measured by CO2 gas exchange. The results indicated that ≤10% of RL results from TCA cycle reactions, which are widely considered to dominate RL. Further anal. of the results indicated that oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to pentose phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate (the G6P/OPP shunt) can account for >93% of CO2 released by RL.

Plant Physiology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

de Avila Silva, Lucas published the artcileSpecific leaf area is modulated by nitrogen via changes in primary metabolism and parenchymal thickness in pepper, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is pepper parenchymal thickness nitrogen primary metabolism specific leaf area; Capsicum; Chili pepper; Leaf morphology and anatomy; Shade; Tissue density.

Nitrogen promotes changes in SLA through metabolism and anatomical traits in Capsicum plants. Specific leaf area (SLA) is a key trait influencing light interception and light use efficiency that often impacts plant growth and production SLA is a key trait explaining growth variations of plant species under different environments. Both light and nitrogen (N) supply are important determinants of SLA. To better understand the effect of irradiance level and N on SLA in Capsicum chinense, we evaluated primary metabolites and morphol. traits of two com. cultivars (Biquinho and Habanero) in response to changes in both parameters. Both genotypes showed increased SLA with shading, and a decrease in SLA in response to increased N supply, however, with Habanero showing a stable SLA in the range of N deficiency to sufficient N doses. Correlation analyses indicated that decreased SLA in response to higher N supply was mediated by altered amino acids, protein, and starch levels, influencing leaf d. Moreover, in the range of moderate N deficiency to N sufficiency, both genotypes exhibited differences in SLA response, with Biquinho and Habanero displaying alterations on palisade and spongy parenchyma, resp. Altogether, the results suggest that SLA responses to N supply are modulated by the balance between certain metabolites content and genotype-dependent changes in the parenchyma cells influencing leaf thickness and d.

Planta published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cheng, Gang published the artcilePotent inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and immunoregulatory function by mitochondria-targeted atovaquone, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cancer cell mitochondrial complex III atovaquone antiproliferative triphenylphosphonium.

Abstract: The FDA-approved prophylactic antimalarial drug atovaquone (ATO) recently was repurposed as an antitumor drug. Studies show that ATO exerts a profound antiproliferative effect in several cancer cells, including breast, ovarian, and glioma. Analogous to the mechanism of action proposed in parasites, ATO inhibits mitochondrial complex III and cell respiration. To enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, we developed a mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium-conjugated ATO with varying alkyl side chains (Mito4-ATO, Mito10-ATO, Mito12-ATO, and Mito16-ATO). Results show, for the first time, that triphenylphosphonium-conjugated ATO potently enhanced the antiproliferative effect of ATO in cancer cells and, depending upon the alkyl chain length, the mol. target of inhibition changes from mitochondrial complex III to complex I. Mito4-ATO and Mito10-ATO inhibit both pyruvate/malate-dependent complex I and duroquinol-dependent complex III-induced oxygen consumption whereas Mito12-ATO and Mito16-ATO inhibit only complex I-induced oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial target shifting may have immunoregulatory implications.

Scientific Reports published new progress about CD25 antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spera, Iolanda published the artcileThe J2-Immortalized Murine Macrophage Cell Line Displays Phenotypical and Metabolic Features of Primary BMDMs in Their M1 and M2 Polarization State, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is inflammation BMDM macrophage polarization phenotype metabolism; cell line; immortalized macrophages; immune model; inflammation; macrophage; metabolism.

Macrophages are immune cells that are important for the development of the defensive front line of the innate immune system. Following signal recognition, macrophages undergo activation toward specific functional states, consisting not only in the acquisition of specific features but also of peculiar metabolic programs associated with each function. For these reasons, macrophages are often isolated from mice to perform cellular assays to study the mechanisms mediating immune cell activation. This requires expensive and time-consuming breeding and housing of mice strains. To overcome this issue, we analyzed an inhouse J2-generated immortalized macrophage cell line from BMDMs, both from a functional and metabolic point of view. By assaying the intracellular and extracellular metabolism coupled with the phenotypic features of immortalized vs. primary BMDMs, we concluded that classically and alternatively immortalized macrophages display similar phenotypical, metabolic and functional features compared to primary cells polarized in the same way. Our study validates the use of this immortalized cell line as a suitable model with which to evaluate in vitro how perturbations can influence the phenotypical and functional features of murine macrophages.

Cancers published new progress about CD38 antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Poliakova, Michaela published the artcileMetabolomics reveals tepotinib-related mitochondrial dysfunction in MET-activating mutations-driven models, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is MET mutation tepotinib metabolomics TCA cycle anticancer mitochondrial dysfunction; MET receptor tyrosine kinase; metabolism; mitochondria; non-targeted mass spectrometry; small molecule inhibitor.

Genetic aberrations in the hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase MET induce oncogenic addiction in various types of human cancers, advocating MET as a viable anticancer target. Here, we report that MET signaling plays an important role in conferring a unique metabolic phenotype to cellular models expressing MET-activating mutated variants that are either sensitive or resistant toward MET small mol. inhibitors. MET phosphorylation downregulated by the specific MET inhibitor tepotinib resulted in markedly decreased viability and increased apoptosis in tepotinib-sensitive cells. Moreover, prior to the induction of MET inhibition-dependent cell death, tepotinib also led to an altered metabolic signature, characterized by a prominent reduction of metabolite ions related to amino sugar metabolism, gluconeogenesis, glycine and serine metabolism, and of numerous TCA cycle-related metabolites such as succinate, malate, and citrate. Functionally, a decrease in oxygen consumption rate, a reduced citrate synthase activity, a drop in membrane potential, and an associated misbalanced mitochondrial function were observed exclusively in MET inhibitor-sensitive cells. These data imply that interference with metabolic state can be considered an early indicator of efficient MET inhibition and particular changes reported here could be explored in the future as markers of efficacy of anti-MET therapies.

FEBS Journal published new progress about Amino sugars Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Petridis, Antonios published the artcileReflective mulch increases fruit yield of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Darrow) grown in a northern maritime environment while maintaining key fruit quality traits, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is blueberry Vaccinium antioxidan anthocyanin organic acid photosynthesis; Brix; anthocyanins; antioxidant capacity; organic acids; photosynthesis; sugars.

In maritime growing environments, blueberry yield often exhibits excessive season-to-season variation, associated with poorly adapted photosynthetic responses to low light conditions. It is therefore necessary to develop methods that stabilize yield while maintaining or improving fruit quality. Here, we placed reflective mulch alongside plants at the early green fruit stage, to test the hypothesis that increasing the available seasonal light integral could enhance blueberry yield. We further determined several quality characteristics to ensure fruit marketability. Placement of mulch alongside plants reflected up to five times more light compared with bare ground, enhancing the amount of light reaching the canopy. This led to an adaptive increase of light saturated maximal photosynthetic rate of mulch-treated plants, resulting in a twofold increase in yield compared with control plants. Anal. of fruit quality characteristics showed that total soluble solids, sugars and organic acids were similar between treatments. Likewise, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin content and the content of individual anthocyanins did not change in response to reflective mulch treatment. The use of reflective mulch should be explored by industry as a cost-effective method for enhancing blueberry yield while maintaining fruit quality in maritime environments.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kyriacou, Marios C. published the artcilePhysicochemical characterization and trait stability in a genetically diverse ex situ collection of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasm from Cyprus, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Punica germplasm physicochem characterization.

Proximity to the center of origin and geog. isolation shaped a unique genetic diversity of pomegranate in Cyprus that constitutes a valuable resource for the crop. Physicochem. characters and trait stability were studied for three years in an ex situ collection of 29 pomegranate accessions from Cyprus. Accession signature traits with exceptional yearly stability were titratable acidity and the citrate/malate ratio. Overall, the Cypriot germplasm was characterized by juice of low anthocyanin content (x ̅ = 20.6 mg/L) and moderate phenolic content (x ̅ = 613.0 mg/L) with glucose (x ̅ = 69.1 g/L) and fructose (x ̅ = 74.2 g/L) as predominant sugars. Juice antioxidant capacity was associated primarily with total phenolics and less so with juice color and anthocyanin content. Total sugar content was higher in large-fruited accessions with darker juice. In most accessions the titratable acidity was low (<0.50% w/v), with citric (x ̅ = 44.7%), malic (x ̅ = 39.1%) and succinic (x ̅ = 15.8%) being the main organic acid fractions detected. Based on the maturity index (SSC/TA), six accessions were sweet-sour or borderline sweet-sour and 23 accessions were sweet. Cluster anal. of phenotypic characteristics and genetic data revealed a core group of thirteen genetically and phenotypically close accessions constituting the Cypriot pomegranate landrace, characterized by moderate fruit weight, high juiciness, thin rind, moderately hard seeds and light-colored juice low in acidity, anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The present work advances the understanding of genetic and environmental contribution to the configuration of pomegranate physicochem. fruit composition Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Jiu-Cheng published the artcilePhosphate regulates malate/citrate-mediated iron uptake and transport in apple, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Malus phosphate malate citrate iron absorption transport; Absorption; Apple; Iron-deficiency; Low phosphate; Organic acids.

The accumulation of iron (Fe) in the apical meristem is considered as a critical factor involved in limiting the elongation of roots under low phosphate (Pi) conditions. Furthermore, the antagonism between Fe and Pi largely affects the effective utilization of Fe. Although the lack of Pi serves to increase the effectiveness of Fe in rice under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions, the underlying physiol. mechanism governing this phenomenon is still unclear. In this study, we found that low Pi alleviated the Fe-deficiency phenotype in apples. Addnl., low Pi treatments increased ferric-chelated reductase (FCR) activity in the rhizosphere, promoted proton exocytosis, and enhanced the Fe concentration in both the roots and shoots. In contrast, high Pi treatments inhibited this process. Under conditions of low Pi, malate and citrate exudation from apple roots occurred under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions. In addition, treatment with 0.5 mM malate and citrate effectively alleviated the Fe and Pi deficiencies. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that a low Pi supply promotes organic acids exudation and enhances Fe absorption during Fe deficiency in apples.

Plant Science (Shannon, Ireland) published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts