Category: 97-67-6

Orians, Colin M. published the artcileCombined impacts of prolonged drought and warming on plant size and foliar chemistry, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is Plantago nitrogen malate catalpol foliar chem drought warming; Plantago lanceolate ; Amino acids; Boston Area Climate Experiment; climate warming; drought; foliar chemistry; iridoid glycosides; metabolite profiling; precipitation; sugars.

Background and Aims: Future shifts in precipitation regimes and temperature are expected to affect plant traits dramatically. To date, many studies have explored the effects of acute stresses, but few have investigated the consequences of prolonged shifts in climatic conditions on plant growth and chem. Methods: Plant size and metabolite profiles were assessed on naturally occurring Plantago lanceolata plants growing under different precipitation (ambient, 50% less than ambient = drought) and temperature (ambient, +0.8, +2.4 and +4.0°C above ambient) treatments at the Boston Area Climate Experiment (constructed in 2007). Key Results: The anal. of primary and secondary metabolites revealed pronounced effects of drought, and a precipitation x temperature interaction. Strikingly, the effects of precipitation were minimal at the two lower temperatures but marked at the two higher temperatures Compared with the ambient condition, plants in the drought plots had lower concentrations of foliar nitrogen, amino acids and most sugars, and higher concentrations of sorbitol, citrate and malate, common stress-induced metabolites. This pattern was especially evident at high temperatures Moreover, drought-exposed plants showed lower concentrations of catalpol, an iridoid glycoside. Conclusions: While the effect of warming on the metabolite profiles was less pronounced, differences were marked when combined with drought. Given the interactive effect of environmental variables on leaf chem., and the fact that woody and herbaceous plants seem to differ in their responses to temperature and precipitation, future studies should account for the direct and indirect effects of the community response to multifactorial field conditions.

Annals of Botany (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Yaping published the artcilePhotosynthetic and metabolic responses of eelgrass Zostera marina L. to short-term high-temperature exposure, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is zostera photosynthetic physiol metabolic response temperature membrane system.

In recent years, extreme heat events have occurred worldwide and the ocean temperature has been rising, causing stress on the photosynthesis and growth of seagrass. Metabolomics enables detection of metabolic changes under environmental stress. In this study, the photosynthetic physiol. and metabolic changes of the eelgrass Zostera marina L. in response to 48 h exposure to 32°C were investigated. The results showed that high temperature induced significant inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency (Δ F / F’m ) (23.9% lower than the control), enhanced respiration (58.3% higher), and decreased carbohydrate decomposition products and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate products, indicating that the energy supply of the eelgrass may be insufficient at high temperature In addition, high temperature decreased stearic acid and linoleic acid in eelgrass, suggesting the composition of the membrane system of eelgrass may change at high temperature and implying that high temperature may cause the membrane system to be unstable.

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lema, Kimberley A. published the artcileInter- and intra-specific transcriptional and phenotypic responses of Pseudo-nitzschia under different nutrient conditions, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Pseudo nitzschia transcription phenotype nutrient; Pseudo-nitzschia ; divergence; nutrients; phenotype; transcriptomics.

Untangling the functional basis of divergence between closely related species is a step toward understanding species dynamics within communities at both the evolutionary and ecol. scales. We investigated cellular (i.e., growth, domoic acid production, and nutrient consumption) and mol. (transcriptomic analyses) responses to varying nutrient concentrations across several strains belonging to three species of the toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. First, strains from the same species displayed similar transcriptomic, but not necessarily cellular, responses to the exptl. conditions. It showed the importance of considering intraspecific diversity to investigate functional divergence between species. Second, a major exception to the first finding was a strain recently isolated from the natural environment and displaying contrasting gene expression patterns related to cell motility and domoic acid production This result illustrated the profound modifications that may occur when transferring a cell from the natural to the in vitro environment and asks for future studies to better understand the influence of culture duration and life cycle on expression patterns. Third, transcriptomic responses were more similar between the two species displaying similar ecol. in situ, irresp. of the genetic distance. This was especially true for mol. responses related to TCA cycle, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism However, transcripts related to phosphate uptake were variable between species.

Genome Biology and Evolution published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Brizuela, N. S. published the artcileInfluence of Patagonian Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Oenococcus oeni strains on sensory perception of Pinot Noir wine after malolactic fermentation, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Lactiplantibacillus Oenococcus Pinot Noir wine sensory perception malolactic fermentation.

Background and Aims : The aim of this work was to study the effect of two Patagonian malolactic starters, Oenococcus oeni UNQOe 73.2 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UNQLp 11, on the wine composition and sensory perception after MLF of Pinot Noir wine. Methods and Results : Both strains increased the concentration of procyanidin, diminished the concentration of phenolic substances and increased the color intensity of the wine after MLF. The volatile profile of both strains differed to that of the Control, particularly the esters, vanillin and some terpenes. The attributes acidity and astringency, black and dried fruits and spicy attributes were features of the wine fermented with both strains. Conclusions : Both strains were able to conduct MLF, to increase color intensity and to change the flavor of the wine with some differences. The wine fermented with UNQLp 11 had a greater frequency of bitterness, whereas the wine fermented with UNQOe 73.2 had a greater frequency of butter. Significance of the Study : Knowledge of the effect of Patagonian starter cultures on consumer perception of the wine after fermentation has been improved.

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Diebold, Lauren P. published the artcileMitochondrial complex III is necessary for endothelial cell proliferation during angiogenesis, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is endothelial cell proliferation mitochondrial complex III angiogenesis.

Abstract: Endothelial cells (ECs) require glycolysis for proliferation and migration during angiogenesis; however, the necessity for the mitochondrial respiratory chain during angiogenesis is not known. Here we report that inhibition of respiratory chain complex III impairs proliferation, but not migration, of ECs in vitro by decreasing the NAD+/NADH ratio. To determine whether mitochondrial respiration is necessary for angiogenesis in vivo, we conditionally ablate a subunit of the respiratory chain complex III (QPC) in ECs. Loss of QPC decreases respiration, resulting in diminished EC proliferation, and impairment in retinal and tumor angiogenesis. Loss of QPC does not decrease genes associated with anabolism or nucleotide levels in ECs but diminishes amino acid levels. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial respiration is necessary for angiogenesis and that the primary role of mitochondria in ECs is to serve as biosynthetic organelles for cell proliferation.

Nature Metabolism published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tedesco, Laura published the artcileAn original amino acid formula favours in vitro corneal epithelial wound healing by promoting Fn1, ITGB1, and PGC-1α expression, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is fibronectin1 integrin beta1 peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma coactivator1 alpha; integrin beta1 invitro corneal epithelial wound healing; Amino acids; Cell migration; Corneal epithelial cells; Fibronectin; Integrin; PGC 1α.

Corneal disorders are frequent, involving most diabetic patients; among its manifestations, they include delayed wound healing. Since maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is fundamental for the cell, stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis represents a unique therapeutic tool for preventing and treating disorders with a deficit in energy metabolism We have recently demonstrated that a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched mixture (BCAAem) supported mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac and skeletal muscle, reduced liver damage caused by alc., and prevented the doxorubicin-dependent mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes. The present study aimed to investigate a new amino acid mixture, named six amino acids (6AA), to promote corneal epithelial wound healing by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. A murine epithelium cell line (TKE2) exposed to this mixture showed increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers, fibronectin 1 (Fn1) and integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and cell migration. Most importantly, the 6AA mixture completely restored the wound in scratch assays, confirming the potential of this new formula in eye disorders like keratopathy. Moreover, our results demonstrate for the first time that peroxisome proliferator-receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) is expressed in TKE2 cells, which controls mitochondrial function and corneal repair process. These results could be relevant for the treatment mainly focused on corneal re-epithelialisation.

Experimental Eye Research published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guha, Sujay published the artcileCombinatorial glucose, nicotinic acid and N-acetylcysteine therapy has synergistic effect in preclinical C. elegans and zebrafish models of mitochondrial complex I disease, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is glucose nicotinic acid acetylcysteine oxidative stress Caenorhabditis zebrafish.

Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders are empirically managed with variable antioxidant, cofactor and vitamin ′cocktails′. However, clin. trial validated and approved compounds, or doses, do not exist for any single or combinatorial mitochondrial disease therapy. Here, we sought to pre-clin. evaluate whether rationally designed mitochondrial medicine combinatorial regimens might synergistically improve survival, health and physiol. in translational animal models of respiratory chain complex I disease. Having previously demonstrated that gas-1(fc21) complex I subunit ndufs2-/-C. elegans have short lifespan that can be significantly rescued with 17 different metabolic modifiers, signaling modifiers or antioxidants, here we evaluated 11 random combinations of these three treatment classes on gas-1(fc21) lifespan. Synergistic rescue occurred only with glucose, nicotinic acid and N-acetylcysteine (Glu + NA + NAC), yielding improved mitochondrial membrane potential that reflects integrated respiratory chain function, without exacerbating oxidative stress, and while reducing mitochondrial stress (UPRmt) and improving intermediary metabolic disruptions at the levels of the transcriptome, steady-state metabolites and intermediary metabolic flux. Equimolar Glu + NA + NAC dosing in a zebrafish vertebrate model of rotenone-based complex I inhibition synergistically rescued larval activity, brain death, lactate, ATP and glutathione levels. Overall, these data provide objective preclin. evidence in two evolutionary-divergent animal models of mitochondrial complex I disease to demonstrate that combinatorial Glu + NA + NAC therapy significantly improved animal resiliency, even in the face of stressors that cause severe metabolic deficiency, thereby preventing acute neurol. and biochem. decompensation. Clin. trials are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this lead combinatorial therapy regimen to improve resiliency and health outcomes in human subjects with mitochondrial disease.

Human Molecular Genetics published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Carcamo, Maria Paz published the artcileAluminum stress differentially affects physiological performance and metabolic compounds in cultivars of highbush blueberry, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is Vaccinium aluminum stress metabolic compound.

In this study, we compared the physiol. and metabolic strategies to cope with Al toxicity among the highbush blueberry cultivars [two new ones (Camellia and Cargo) and three established ones (Brigitta (Al-resistant), Star and Duke)]. Aluminum concentration in roots and leaves increased in all cultivars after 24 and 48 h of exposure to Al, but less so in roots of cultivar Camellia and leaves of cultivar Cargo. These two cultivars displayed minor effects of Al exposure in terms of photosynthetic activity in comparison with the established cultivars. Aluminum exposure decreased malate concentration in roots of all cultivars, but no change was noted in fumarate concentration The antioxidant activity correlated with photosynthetic performance and the total phenol concentration in the leaves of new cultivars exposed to Al, suggesting enhanced resistance in the short-term experiment The principal component anal. separated the new from the established cultivars. In conclusion, the new cultivars appear to be more Al-resistant than the established ones, with Star being most Al-sensitive. Regarding the Al-resistance mechanisms of the new cultivars, it is suggested that Camellia could have a root Al-exclusion mechanism under Al toxicity. This mechanism could be explained by low Al concentration in roots, suggesting that this cultivar could exude organic acid, allowing to chelate Al in the rhizosphere. Nonetheless, further researches are needed to confirm this assumption.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Maruyama, Hayato published the artcileAtALMT3 is involved in malate efflux induced by phosphorus deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Arabidopsis root hair cell ALMT3 gene malate phosphorus.

Under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions, organic acid secretion from roots plays an important role in P mobilization from insoluble P in the soil. In this study, we characterized AtALMT3, a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana aluminum-activated malate transporter family gene. Among the 14 AtALMT family genes, only AtALMT3 was significantly up-regulated in P-deficient roots. AtALMT3 promoter::β-glucuronidase is expressed in the epidermis in roots, especially in root hair cells. AtALMT3 protein was localized in the plasma membrane and in small vesicles. Fluorescence of AtALMT3::GFP was not observed on the vacuole membrane of protoplast after lysis, indicating that AtALMT3 localizes mainly in the plasma membrane. Compared with the wild-type (WT) line, malate exudation in the AtALMT3-knockdown line (atalmt3-1) and overexpression line (atalmt3-2) under P deficiency were, resp., 37% and 126%. In contrast, no significant difference was found in citrate exudation among these lines. The complementation of the atalmt3-1 line with AtALMT3 recovered the malate exudation to the level of the WT. Taken together, these results suggest that AtALMT3 localized in root hair membranes is involved in malate efflux in response to P deficiency.

Plant and Cell Physiology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heerah, Sachin published the artcileWRKY1 mediates transcriptional regulation of light and nitrogen signaling pathways, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Arabidopsis WRKY transcriptional regulation nitrogen light signaling pathway.

Plant responses to multiple environmental stimuli must be integrated to enable them to adapt their metabolism and development. Light and nitrogen (N) are two such stimuli whose downstream signaling pathways must be intimately connected to each other to control plant energy status. Here, we describe the functional role of the WRKY1 transcription factor in controlling genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves in response to individual and combined light and N signals. This includes a cross-regulatory network consisting of 724 genes regulated by WRKY1 and involved in both N and light signaling pathways. The loss of WRKY1 gene function has marked effects on the light and N response of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation (primary metabolism) as well as stress response pathways (secondary metabolism). Our results at the transcriptome and at the metabolite anal. level support a model in which WRKY1 enables plants to activate genes involved in the recycling of cellular carbon resources when light is limiting but N is abundant and upregulate amino acid metabolism when both light and N are limiting. In this potential energy conservation mechanism, WRKY1 integrates information about cellular N and light energy resources to trigger changes in plant metabolism

Plant Physiology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts