Category: 97-67-6

Chen, Xiaoxu published the artcileLactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces β-conglycinin-allergy-induced apoptotic cells by regulating Bacteroides and bile secretion pathway in intestinal contents of BALB/c mice, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is Lactobacillus Bacteroides inflammation apoptotic cells bile secretion pathway; LGG; allergy; apoptotic cells; gut microbiota; metabolome; β-conglycinin.

Allergy can cause intestinal damage, including through cell apoptosis. In this study, intestinal cell apoptosis was first observed in the β-conglycinin (β-CG) allergy model, and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on reducing apoptosis of cells in the intestine and its underlying mechanisms were further investigated. Allergic mice received oral LGG daily, and intestinal tissue apoptotic cells, gut microbiota, and metabolites were evaluated six and nine days after intervention. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) anal. revealed that LGG intervention could reduce the incidence of cell apoptosis more effectively than natural recovery (NR). The results of 16S rRNA anal. indicated that LGG intervention led to an increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroides. Metabolite anal. of intestinal contents indicated that histamine, N-acetylhistamine, N(α)-γ-glutamylhistamine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, arachidonic acid malate, and xanthine were significantly decreased, and deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid were significantly increased after the LGG intervention on β-CG allergy; the decreases in histamine and N(α)-γ-glutamylhistamine were significant compared with those of NR. In conclusion, LGG reduces apoptosis of cells induced by β-CG allergy, which may be related to regulation of Bacteroides and the bile secretion pathway.

Nutrients published new progress about 16S rRNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Jun published the artcileReducing cadmium bioavailability and accumulation in vegetable by an alkalizing bacterial strain, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is cadmium bioavailability bioaccumulation contaminated soil bioremediation alkalizing bacteria; Alkalization; Bacillus sp. XT-4; Bioremediation; Cadmium (Cd); Rhizosphere.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils is a widespread environmental problem that can affect food safety and human health. Effective remediation methods are needed to reduce Cd bioavailability in soil and Cd accumulation in food crops. In the present study, we isolated a Cd-resistant and alkalizing bacterium strain XT-4 from a Cd-contaminated soil and evaluated its potential application in Cd bioremediation. Based on its morphol., physiol. and biochem. characteristics, together with 16S rRNA gene sequence anal., strain XT-4 was identified as a member of the Bacillus genus. Strain XT-4 showed a strong ability to increase the pH and decrease Cd solubility in the medium. A greenhouse-based pot experiment with a Cd-contaminated soil was conducted to evaluate the effect of strain XT-4 inoculation on the growth and Cd accumulation of the vegetable Pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Inoculation increased the rhizosphere pH, decreased CaCl2-extractable Cd in the soil and decreased Cd concentration in the edible part of Pak choi by 28-40%. The results suggest that inoculation with alkalizing bacterial strain XT-4 represents an effective solution to increase rhizosphere pH and decrease Cd uptake by vegetable crops in Cd-contaminated acid soils.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about 16S rRNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhou, Zhichao published the artcileGenomic and transcriptomic insights into the ecology and metabolism of benthic archaeal cosmopolitan, Thermoprofundales (MBG-D archaea), HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Thermoplasmata benthic archaeal cosmopolitan metabolism genomics transcriptomics.

Marine Benthic Group D (MBG-D) archaea, discovered by 16S rRNA gene survey decades ago, are ecol. important, yet understudied and uncultured sedimentary archaea. In this study, a comprehensive meta-anal. based on the 16S rRNA genes of MBG-D archaea showed that MBG-D archaea are one of the most frequently found archaeal lineages in global sediment with widespread distribution and high abundance, including 16 subgroups in total. Interestingly, some subgroups show significant segregations toward salinity and methane seeps. Co-occurrence analyses indicate significant non-random association of MBG-D archaea with Lokiarchaeota (in both saline and freshwater sediments) and Hadesarchaea, suggesting potential interactions among these archaeal groups. Meanwhile, based on four nearly complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and corresponding metatranscriptomes reconstructed from mangrove and intertidal mudflat sediments, we provide insights on metabolic potentials and ecol. functions of MBG-D archaea. MBG-D archaea appear to be capable of transporting and assimilating peptides and generating acetate and ethanol through fermentation Metatranscriptomic anal. suggests high expression of genes for acetate and amino acid utilization and for peptidases, especially the M09B-type extracellular peptidase (collagenase) showing high expression levels in all four mangrove MAGs. Beyond heterotrophic central carbon metabolism, the MBG-D genomes include genes that might encode two autotrophic pathways: Wood-Ljundahl (WL) pathways using both H4MPT and H4folate as C1 carriers, and an incomplete dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle with alternative bypasses from pyruvate to malate/oxaloacetate during dicarboxylation. These findings reveal MBG-D archaea as an important ubiquitous benthic sedimentary archaeal group with specific mixotrophic metabolisms, so we proposed the name Thermoprofundales as a new Order within the Class Thermoplasmata. Globally, Thermoprofundales and other benthic archaea might synergistically transform benthic organic matter, possibly playing a vital role in sedimentary carbon cycle.

ISME Journal published new progress about 16S rRNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zheng, Beibei published the artcileAssessment of organic acid accumulation and its related genes in peach, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Prunus fruits organic acids malate citrate; Citrate; Fruit Quality; GABA; Malate; Peach.

Fruit acidity is an important determinant of peach organoleptic quality, but its regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Measurement of organic acids in ripe fruits of seventy-five peach cultivars revealed the predominant components malate and citrate, accompanied by quinate. Organic acid accumulation increased at early stages of fruit growth, but exhibited a more dramatic reduction in low-acid cultivar during later stages of fruit development compared to high-acid cultivars. Low-acid cultivars showed citrate degradation and less transport of malate into the vacuole due to up- and down-regulation of a GABA pathway gene GAD and a malate transporter gene ALMT9, resp. The NAD-MDH1 gene might control the rate-limiting step in malate synthesis, while three genes, PDK, PK, and ADH, could affect citrate synthesis through the pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA-to-citrate pathway. Altogether, these results suggested that malate accumulation is controlled at the level of metabolism and vacuolar storage, while metabolism is crucial for citrate accumulation in peach.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Calbindins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Iglesias, Dario E. published the artcile(+)-Catechin inhibits heart mitochondrial complex I and nitric oxide synthase: functional consequences on membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is catechin antioxidant NOS hydrogen peroxide mitochondrial membrane potential complex.

In order to study the in vitro effect of flavan-3-ol (+)-catechin on the enzymic activities of mitochondrial complex I and nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), as well as the consequences on the membrane potential and H2O2 production rate, isolated mitochondria from rat heart were exposed to 3 nM to 100 muM (+)-catechin. NADH-Q1 reductase (complex I) and mtNOS activities were inhibited 25% and 50%, resp., by the addition of 10 nM (+)-catechin to the reaction medium. Moreover, in the nM range, (+)-catechin decreased state 4 mitochondrial membrane potential by about 10 mV, but failed to change the membrane potential measured in the presence of ADP. (+)-Catechin (10 nM) inhibited not only complex I activity, but also the H2O2 production rate (35%) sustained by malate-glutamate, in accordance with the decrease observed in mitochondrial membrane potential. Altogether, the results indicate that (+)-catechin, at nM concentrations, inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity, leading to membrane potential decline and consequently to reduction in H2O2 and NO production rates. The decrease in mtNOS activity could also be a consequence of the direct action of (+)-catechin on the NOS structure, this effect being in accordance with the functional interaction between complex I and mtNOS, as previously reported.

Food & Function published new progress about Flavonoids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Izumi, Soutarou published the artcileControl of glucose metabolism is important in tenogenic differentiation of progenitors derived from human injured tendons, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is glucose metabolism progenitor cell differentiation chondrogenesis tendon injury.

Glucose metabolism is altered in injured and healing tendons. However, the mechanism by which the glucose metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of tendon healing process remains unclear. Injured tendons do not completely heal, and often induce fibrous scar and chondroid lesion. Because previous studies have shown that tendon progenitors play roles in tendon repair, we asked whether connective tissue progenitors appearing in injured tendons alter glucose metabolism during tendon healing process. We isolated connective tissue progenitors from the human injured tendons, obtained at the time of primary surgical repair of rupture or laceration. We first characterized the change in glucose metabolism by metabolomics anal. using [1,2-13C]-glucose using the cells isolated from the lacerated flexor tendon. The flux of glucose to the glycolysis pathway was increased in the connective tissue progenitors when they proceeded toward tenogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The influx of glucose to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and biosynthesis of amino acids from the intermediates of the TCA cycle were strongly stimulated toward chondrogenic differentiation. When we treated the cultures with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, 2DG inhibited chondrogenesis as characterized by accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and expression of AGGRECAN. Interestingly, 2DG strongly stimulated expression of tenogenic transcription factor genes, SCLERAXIS and MOHAWK under both chondrogenic and tenogenic differentiation conditions. The findings suggest that control of glucose metabolism is beneficial for tenogenic differentiation of connective tissue progenitors.

PLoS One published new progress about Aggrecans Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Patalas-Krawczyk, Paulina published the artcileEffects of plant alkaloids on mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is plant alkaloid mitochondrial bioenergetic parameter nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Alkaloids; Mitochondria; Mitochondria permeability transition pore; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Mitochondria are among the first responders to various stress factors that challenge cell and tissue homeostasis. Various plant alkaloids have been investigated for their capacity to modulate mitochondrial activities. In this study, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse brain and liver tissues to assess nicotine, anatabine and anabasine, three alkaloids found in tobacco plant, for potential modulatory activity on mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters. All alkaloids decreased basal oxygen consumption of mouse brain mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner without any effect on the ADP-stimulated respiration. None of the alkaloids, at 1 nM or 1.25μM concentrations, influenced the maximal rate of swelling of brain mitochondria. In contrast to brain mitochondria, 1.25μM anatabine, anabasine and nicotine increased maximal rate of swelling of liver mitochondria suggesting a toxic effect. Only at 1 mM concentration, anatabine slowed down the maximal rate of Ca2+-induced swelling and increased the time needed to reach the maximal rate of swelling. The observed mitochondrial bioenergetic effects are probably mediated through a pathway independent of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as quant. proteomic anal. could not confirm their expression in pure mitochondrial fractions isolated from mouse brain tissue.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about Alkaloids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Gen published the artcileMechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson’s disease patients, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is metabolome HIP2 IL1b neurotransmitter Parkinson disease training; Brain network; Mechanism; Motor symptoms; Parkinson’s disease; Tai Chi.

Tai Chi has been shown to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its long-term effects and the related mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi training on motor symptoms in PD and the underlying mechanisms. Ninety-five early-stage PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into Tai Chi (n = 32), brisk walking (n = 31) and no-exercise (n = 32) groups. At baseline, 6 mo and 12 mo during one-year intervention, all participants underwent motor symptom evaluation by Berg balance scale (BBS), Unified PD rating-scale (UPDRS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 3D gait anal., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), plasma cytokine and metabolomics anal., and blood Huntingtin interaction protein 2 (HIP2) mRNA level anal. Longitudinal self-changes were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA. GEE (generalized estimating equations) was used to assess factors associated with the longitudinal data of rating scales. Switch rates were used for fMRI anal. False discovery rate correction was used for multiple correction. Participants in the Tai Chi group had better performance in BBS, UPDRS, TUG and step width. Besides, Tai Chi was advantageous over brisk walking in improving BBS and step width. The improved BBS was correlated with enhanced visual network function and downregulation of interleukin-1β. The improvements in UPDRS were associated with enhanced default mode network function, decreased L-malic acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and increased adenosine and HIP2 mRNA levels. In addition, arginine biosynthesis, urea cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle and beta oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids were also improved by Tai Chi training. Long-term Tai Chi training improves motor function, especially gait and balance, in PD. The underlying mechanisms may include enhanced brain network function, reduced inflammation, improved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration.

Translational Neurodegeneration published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Walker, Robert P. published the artcileGluconeogenesis in Plants: A Key Interface between Organic Acid/Amino Acid/Lipid and Sugar Metabolism, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Review plant amino acid lipid sugar metabolism gluconeogenesis; gluconeogenesis; malate; malic enzyme; nitrogen metabolism; organic acids; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase; vacuole.

Gluconeogenesis is a key interface between organic acid/amino acid/lipid and sugar metabolism The aims of this article are four-fold. First, to provide a concise overview of plant gluconeogenesis. Second, to emphasize the widespread occurrence of gluconeogenesis and its utilization in diverse processes. Third, to stress the importance of the vacuolar storage and release of Krebs cycle acids/nitrogenous compounds, and of the role of gluconeogenesis and malic enzyme in this process. Fourth, to outline the contribution of fine control of enzyme activity to the coordinate-regulation of gluconeogenesis and malate metabolism, and the importance of cytosolic pH in this.

Molecules published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Showalter, Megan R. published the artcilePrimed mesenchymal stem cells package exosomes with metabolites associated with immunomodulation, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mesenchymal stem cell exosome metabolite immunomodulation; Exosomes; Lipidomics; Mesenchymal stem cells; Metabolomics.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are currently being evaluated as a putative therapeutic in numerous human clin. trials. Recent reports have established that exosomes mediate much of the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Exosomes are nanovesicles which mediate intercellular communication, transmitting signals between cells which regulate a diverse range of biol. processes. MSC-derived exosomes are packaged with numerous types of proteins and RNAs, however, their metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to date have not been well characterized. We previously reported that MSCs, in response to priming culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironmental niche, substantially modulate cellular signaling and significantly increase the secretion of exosomes. Here we report that MSCs exposed to such priming conditions undergo glycolytic reprogramming, which homogenizes MSCs’ metabolomic profile. In addition, we establish that exosomes derive from primed MSCs are packaged with numerous metabolites that have been directly associated with immunomodulation, including M2 macrophage polarization and regulatory T lymphocyte induction.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts