Category: 97-67-6

da Silva, Marliane Cassia Soares published the artcileProcessing techniques and microbial fermentation on microbial profile and chemical and sensory quality of the coffee beverage, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is coffee beverage chem sensory quality microbial fermentation.

Post-harvest processing and microbial fermentation of coffee fruits play an essential role in the metabolites formation that influence the nutritional and sensory quality of the beverage. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of coffee cherries processing and fermentation conditions on the microbial communities and the chem. and sensory quality of the beverage. Induced fermentation changed in the bacteria and fungi communities (Treatments: T1, T3, and T7). Klebsiella sp. inoculation (T1) allowed an increase in richness of bacteria and 81 points in the sensory score over the fermentation time. However, there was a reduction in richness of microbial community in treatments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (T3 and T7). An increase in the indexes of microbial diversity was observed in 72 h in treatment with coffee pulp (T2). In treatment with coffee cherries and spontaneous fermentation (T4) had a higher sensory score than other treatments, indicating a sensory gain from 36 to 72 h. Coffee cherries with superficial disinfection (T5) had a reduction in microbial profile, but did not change the final score of the beverage over the 72 h. In T6 (floaters fruits) was observed an alteration in the fungal community (36-72 h) and the lowest sensory score. The impact of adding water on coffee fermentation was dependent on time (T3 and T7). Furthermore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has a pos. correlation with the final score of the beverage. Thus, microbial profile and sensory score of beverages are dependent of conditions of processing of coffee fruits and fermentation

European Food Research and Technology published new progress about Coffee beverages. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cipullo, Miriam published the artcileHuman GTPBP5 is involved in the late stage of mitoribosome large subunit assembly, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is GTPBP5 FASTKD4 mitoribosome large subunit assembly.

Human mitoribosomes are macromol. complexes essential for translation of 11 mitochondrial mRNAs. The large and the small mitoribosomal subunits undergo a multistep maturation process that requires the involvement of several factors. Among these factors, GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) play an important role as GTP hydrolysis can provide energy throughout the assembly stages. In bacteria, many GTPBPs are needed for the maturation of ribosome subunits and, of particular interest for this study, ObgE has been shown to assist in the 50S subunit assembly. Here, we characterize the role of a related human Obg-family member, GTPBP5. We show that GTPBP5 interacts specifically with the large mitoribosomal subunit (mt-LSU) proteins and several late-stage mitoribosome assembly factors, including MTERF4:NSUN4 complex, MRM2 methyltransferase, MALSU1 and MTG1. Interestingly, we find that interaction of GTPBP5 with the mt-LSU is compromised in the presence of a non-hydrolysable analog of GTP, implying a different mechanism of action of this protein in contrast to that of other Obg-family GTPBPs. GTPBP5 ablation leads to severe impairment in the oxidative phosphorylation system, concurrent with a decrease in mitochondrial translation and reduced monosome formation. Overall, our data indicate an important role of GTPBP5 in mitochondrial function and suggest its involvement in the late-stage of mt-LSU maturation.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Computer program. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qiu, Yaxin published the artcileSelectively Sensing Capacities of Biocompatible Shape Memory Materials Based on Cross-Linked Poly(L-malic acid): Visual Discrimination of the Solvents with Similar Structures, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is sensor biocompatibility shape memory crosslinking polymalic acid solvent discrimination.

A biomass-derived and biocompatible poly(L-malic acid) (PMA) based material with shape memory effect (SME) was developed in this work. 1,8-Octanediol was used as the crosslinker to construct crosslinking networks with hydrophilic backbone chain of PMA, tuning the d. of networks and their swelling capacities by controlling -COOH/-OH ratios. The solvent-induced SME of as-obtained crosslinked PMAs was activated under mild conditions in this way. Using the shape recovery levels of U-shaped samples as the probes, the mixed methanol/ethanol/water systems with various ratios could be easily discriminated because the crosslinked PMAs show different sensing capacities to different components. The mechanisms were then studied in terms of the solvent mol.-polymer interactions. This work provides an interesting approach of visible discrimination of the solvents with similar structures, or their mixtures with various ratios, and also opens applications of biocompatible shape memory polymers in biomedical and chem. industries.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials published new progress about Biocompatibility. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Margolis, Lee M. published the artcileMetabolomic profiles are reflective of hypoxia-induced insulin resistance during exercise in healthy young adult males, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is insulin resistance glucose oxidation metabolome treadmill exercise adult gender; branched-chain amino acids; fatty acids; glycogenolysis; high altitude; substrate oxidation.

Hypoxia-induced insulin resistance appears to suppress exogenous glucose oxidation during metabolically matched aerobic exercise during acute (<8 h) high-altitude (HA) exposure. However, a better understanding of this metabolic dysregulation is needed to identify interventions to mitigate these effects. The objective of this study was to determine if differences in metabolomic profiles during exercise at sea level (SL) and HA are reflective of hypoxia-induced insulin resistance. Native lowlanders (n = 8 males) consumed 145 g (1.8 g/min) of glucose while performing 80-min of metabolically matched treadmill exercise at SL (757 mmHg) and HA (460 mmHg) after 5-h exposure. Exogenous glucose oxidation and glucose turnover were determined using indirect calorimetry and dual tracer technique ([13C]glucose and [6,6-2H2]glucose). Metabolite profiles were analyzed in serum as change (Δ), calculated by subtracting postprandial/exercised state SL (ΔSL) and HA (ΔHA) from fasted, rested conditions at SL. Compared with SL, exogenous glucose oxidation, glucose rate of disappearance, and glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were lower (P < 0.05) during exercise at HA. One hundred and eighteen metabolites differed between ΔSL and ΔHA (P < 0.05, Q < 0.10). Differences in metabolites indicated increased glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid catabolism, oxidative stress, and fatty acid storage, and decreased fatty acid mobilization for ΔHA. Branched-chain amino acids and oxidative stress metabolites, Δ3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate (r = -0.738) and Δγ-glutamylalanine (r = -0.810), were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with Δexogenous glucose oxidation Δ3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (r = -0.762) and Δ2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate (r = -0.738) were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with glucose MCR. Coupling global metabolomics and glucose kinetic data suggest that the underlying cause for diminished exogenous glucose oxidative capacity during aerobic exercise is acute hypoxia-mediated peripheral insulin resistance. American Journal of Physiology published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dommerholt, Marleen B. published the artcileShort-term protein restriction at advanced age stimulates FGF21 signalling, energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is FGF21 signalling protein white adipose tissue energy expenditure age; FGF21 signalling; browning of white adipose tissue; dietary protein restriction; energy metabolism; thermogenesis.

Dietary protein restriction has been demonstrated to improve metabolic health under various conditions. However, the relevance of ageing and age-related decline in metabolic flexibility on the effects of dietary protein restriction has not been addressed. Therefore, we investigated the effect of short-term dietary protein restriction on metabolic health in young and aged mice. Young adult (3 mo old) and aged (18 mo old) C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to a 3-mo dietary protein restriction. Outcome parameters included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels, muscle strength, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure (EE) and transcriptomics of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we report that a low-protein diet had beneficial effects in aged mice by reducing some aspects of age-related metabolic decline. These effects were characterized by increased plasma levels of FGF21, browning of s.c. WAT, increased body temperature and EE, while no changes were observed in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the low-protein diet used in this study was well-tolerated in aged mice indicated by the absence of adverse effects on body weight, locomotor activity and muscle performance. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a short-term reduction in dietary protein intake can impact age-related metabolic health alongside increased FGF21 signalling, without neg. affecting muscle function. These findings highlight the potential of protein restriction as a strategy to induce EE and browning of WAT in aged individuals.

FEBS Journal published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Karadayian, Analia G. published the artcileAlcohol hangover effects on brain cortex non-synaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes bioenergetics, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is alc hangover effect brain cortex nonsynaptic mitochondria synaptosome bioenergetics; Alcohol hangover; Bioenergetics; Mitochondria; Synaptosomes; Uncoupling proteins.

Alc. hangover (AH) has been associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We herein postulate that AH-induced mitochondrial alterations can be due to a different pattern of response in synaptosomes and non-synaptic (NS) mitochondria. Mice received i.p. (i.p.) injections of ethanol (3.8 g/kg) or saline and were sacrificed 6 h afterward. Brain cortex NS mitochondria and synaptosomes were isolated by Ficoll gradient. Oxygen consumption rates were measured in NS mitochondria and synaptosomes by high-resolution respirometry. Results showed that NS-synaptic mitochondria from AH animals presented a 26% decrease in malate-glutamate state 3 respiration, a 64% reduction in ATP content, 28-37% decrements in ATP production rates (malate-glutamate or succinate-dependent, resp.), and 44% inhibition in complex IV activity. No changes were observed in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ) or in UCP-2 expression in NS-mitochondria. Synaptosome respiration driving proton leak (in the presence of oligomycin), and spare respiratory capacity (percentage ratio between maximum and basal respiration) were 30% and 15% increased in hangover condition, resp. Synaptosomal ATP content was 26% decreased, and ATP production rates were 40-55% decreased (malate-glutamate or succinate-dependent, resp.) in AH mice. In addition, a 24% decrease in ΔΨ and a 21% increase in UCP-2 protein expression were observed in synaptosomes from AH mice. Moreover, mitochondrial respiratory complexes I-III, II-III, and IV activities measured in synaptosomes from AH mice were decreased by 18%, 34%, and 50%, resp. Results of this study reveal that alterations in bioenergetics status during AH could be mainly due to changes in mitochondrial function at the level of synapses.

Alcohol (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Alcohol hangover. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Baath, Simran published the artcileBiological Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Drosophila melanogaster Malic Enzyme Locus, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is MEN IDH single nucleotide polymorphism heterozygous genotype Drosophila; Balancing selection; Drosophila melanogaster; Genetic background; Genetic variation; Malic enzyme; Single-nucleotide polymorphism.

A pair of amino acid polymorphisms within the Drosophila melanogaster Malic enzyme (Men) locus presents an interesting case of genetic variation that appears to be under selection. The two alleles at each site are biochem. distinct, but their biol. effects are unknown. One polymorphic site is near the active site and the other is buried within the protein. Strikingly, in twelve different populations, the first polymorphism is always found at approx. a 50:50 allelic frequency, whereas the second polymorphism is always found at approx. 90:10. The consistency of the frequencies between populations suggests that the polymorphisms are under selection and it is possible that balancing selection is at play. We used 16 lines of flies to create the nine genotypes needed to quantify both effects of the polymorphic sites and possible genetic background effects, which we found to be widespread. The alleles at each site differ, but in different biochem. characteristics. The first site significantly influences MEN Km and Vmax, whereas the second site affects the Km and the Vmax/Km ratio (relative activity). Interestingly, the rarest allele is the most biochem. distinct. We also assayed three more distal phenotypes, triglyceride concentration, carbohydrate concentration, and longevity. In all cases, the phenotypes of the heterozygous genotypes are intermediate between those of the resp. homozygotes suggesting that if balancing selection is maintaining the observed allele frequencies it is not through non-linear combinations of the biochem. phenotypes.

Biochemical Genetics published new progress about Allele frequency. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Weiguang published the artcileAspulvinone O, a natural inhibitor of GOT1 suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells growth by interfering glutamine metabolism, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is aspulvinone O antitumor GOT1 inhibitor glutamine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Aspulvinone O; GOT1 inhibitor; Glutamine metabolism; Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells.

Background: Distinctive from their normal counterparts, cancer cells exhibit unique metabolic dependencies on glutamine to fuel anabolic processes. Specifically, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells rely on an unconventional metabolic pathway catalyzed by aspartate transaminase 1 (GOT1) to rewire glutamine metabolism and support NADP (NADPH) production Thus, the important role of GOT1 in energy metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) balance demonstrates that targeting GOT1 may serve as an important therapeutic target in PDAC. Methods: To assay the binding affinity between Aspulvinone O (AO) and GOT1 proteins, the virtual docking, microscale thermophoresis (MST), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) methods were employed. GOT1 was silenced in several PDAC cell lines. The level of OCR and ECR were assayed by seahorse. To evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of AO, the xenograft model was built in CB17/scid mouse. Results: Screening of an inhouse natural compound library identified the AO as a novel inhibitor of GOT1 and repressed glutamine metabolism, which sensitizes PDAC cells to oxidative stress and suppresses cell proliferation. Virtual docking anal. suggested that AO could bind to the active site of GOT1 and form obvious hydrophobic interaction with Trp141 together with hydrogen bonds with Thr110 and Ser256. Further in vitro validation, including MST, CETSA and DARTS, further demonstrated the specific combining capacity of AO. We also show that the selective inhibition of GOT1 by AO significantly reduces proliferation of PDAC in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings identify AO as a potent bioactive inhibitor of GOT1 and a novel anti-tumor agent for PDAC therapy.

Cell Communication and Signaling published new progress about Antitumor agents. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Di Martino, Catello published the artcileEffect of exogenous proline on the ethanolic tolerance and malolactic performance of Oenococcus oeni, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Oenococcus proline ethanolic tolerance malolactic performance; Ethanol tolerance; Lactic acid bacteria; Malolactic fermentation; l-proline.

Abstract: The use of malolactic starter cultures, often offer no guarantee of microbiol. success due to the chem. and phys. factors (pH, ethanol, SO2, nutrient availability) that occur during the winemaking process. This study was born with the aim of improving the performance of the lactic acid bacteria used as a starter culture in the de-acidification of wines. Two com. strains of Oenococcus oeni, were used. Was evaluated the effect of exogenous L-proline added during the bacterial growth, on the improvement of their survival in the presence of different ethanol concentrations and their ability to degrade L-malic acid in synthetic wine with the presence of 12% (volume/volume) and 13% (volume/volume) of ethanol. The results showed that L-proline improve ethanol tolerance and so the malolactic performances of O. oeni. This work represents an important strategy to ensure good vitality and improve the performance of the malolactic starter.

Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) published new progress about Growth, microbial. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nichenko, Anna S. published the artcileLifelong Ulk1-mediated autophagy deficiency in muscle induces mitochondrial dysfunction and contractile weakness, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is Ulk1 DRP1 BNIP3 Pink1 skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction; aging; autophagy flux; mitophagy; neuromuscular junction; sarcopenia.

The accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to insufficient autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiol. of skeletal muscle aging. Ulk1 is an autophagy-related kinase that initiates autophagosome assembly and may also play a role in autophagosome degradation (i.e., autophagy flux), but the contribution of Ulk1 to healthy muscle aging is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Ulk1-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle aging. At age 22 mo (80% survival rate), muscle contractile and metabolic function were assessed using electrophysiol. in muscle-specific Ulk1 knockout mice (MKO) and their littermate controls (LM). Specific peak-isometric torque of the ankle dorsiflexors (normalized by tibialis anterior muscle cross-sectional area) and specific force of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles was reduced in MKO mice compared to LM mice (p < 0.03). Permeabilized muscle fibers from MKO mice had greater mitochondrial content, yet lower mitochondrial oxygen consumption and greater reactive oxygen species production compared to fibers from LM mice (p ≤ 0.04). Alterations in neuromuscular junction innervation patterns as well as changes to autophagosome assembly and flux were explored as possible contributors to the pathol. features in Ulk1 deficiency. Of primary interest, we found that Ulk1 phosphorylation (activation) to total Ulk1 protein content was reduced in older muscles compared to young muscles from both human and mouse, which may contribute to decreased autophagy flux and an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Results from this study support the role of Ulk1-mediated autophagy in aging skeletal muscle, reflecting Ulk1 0s dual role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity through autophagosome assembly and degradation International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Action potential. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts