Category: 97-67-6

Zhang, Fan published the artcileCombined toxic effects of dioxin-like PCB77 with Fe-based nanoparticles in earthworm Eisenia fetida, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Eisenia iron PCB77 dioxin nanoparticle toxicity; PCBs; Physiological and morphological change; Synergistic effect; Vermiremediation; nZVI.

Iron-based nanomaterials hold promise for in situ remediation of persistent halogenated contaminants such as dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, however, their complex interactions and joint toxicity toward beneficial soil biol. functions remain unknown. This study examined the effects of nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) on the physiol. and morphol. changes, on the bioaccumulation of co-existed dioxin-like 3,3,4,4-tetrachloro-biphenyls (PCB77), and the joint toxicity of nZVI and PCB77 in earthworms Eisenia fetida. An orthogonally designed experiment was conducted through the exposure of E. fetida to the combined and sep. nZVI and PCB77 at various concentrations in soil for 28 days (nZVI at the levels of g-Fe/kg-soil and PCB77 at the levels of mg-PCB/kg-soil). Indicated that both nZVI and PCB77 inhibited the growth and reproduction of earthworms, and the combined exposure resulted in a synergistic effect. The addition of 10 g/kg nZVI decreased the contents of PCB77 and significantly increased the accumulation of PCB77 to a level ranging 14-97 mg/kg in earthworms in a nZVI dose dependent manner. The observed synergism might relate to the aggravated damage of earthworm epidermis in the presence of nZVI. PCB77 and nZVI at their corresponding high levels (10 mg/kg and 10 g/kg) induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the earthworms through the increased levels of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent inhibition of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further metabolomics analyses revealed that the normal glutamic acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were disturbed in earthworms exposed to the combined treatment of 10 mg/kg PCB77 and 10 g/kg nZVI. Our findings suggested that earthworms as a sentinel species could be readily employed in toxicity and tolerance studies to succeed the safe applications of nZVI and interestingly earthworms themselves also hold promise for vermiremediation owing to the high bioaccumulation potential of PCBs from contaminated soils.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Antioxidants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Al Ojaimi, Yara published the artcileMitochondrial bioenergetics, uncoupling protein-2 activity, and reactive oxygen species production in the small intestine of a TNBS-induced colitis rat model, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is colitis reactive oxygen species mitochondrial bioenergetics small intestine; Colitis; Mitochondria; RCR; ROS; TNBS; UCP2.

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient uptake across the jejunum that serves as the main site for absorption in the small intestine. This association has prompted us to investigate the bioenergetics underlying the alterations in jejunal absorption in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. We have found that mitochondrial oxygen consumption did not change in state 2 and state 3 respirations but showed an increase in state 4 respiration indicating a decrease in the respiratory control ratio of jejunal mitochondria during the peak of inflammation. This decrease in the coupling state was found to be guanosine diphosphate-sensitive, hence, implicating the involvement of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Furthermore, the study has reported that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to be activators of UCP2, correlated neg. with UCP2 activity. Thus, we suggest that ROS production in the jejunum might be activating UCP2 which has an antioxidant activity, and that uncoupling of the mitochondria decreases the efficiency of energy production, leading to a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient absorption. Hence, this study is the first to account for an involvement of energy production and a role for UCP2 in the absorptive abnormalities of the small intestine in animal models of colitis.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry published new progress about Antioxidants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zebeljan, Aleksandra published the artcileDynamic changes in common metabolites and antioxidants during Penicillium expansum-apple fruit interactions, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Penicillium Malus fruit decay metabolites antioxidants dynamics.

Penicillium expansum-infected apple fruit resulted in a disrupted balance of primary metabolites and impacted the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The initial decline in fructose, malic acid, shikimic acid and total ascorbate content (6 hpi) was followed by a significant increase in malic acid (24 hpi) and total glutathione (3 dpi). Significant increase in sucrose was accompanied by a decline in glucose and ascorbate content (5 dpi). Total glutathione and shikimic acid gradually deteriorated with symptom development. A neg. correlation was found between sucrose and ascorbate-glutathione pool. Other correlations were strong amongst other metabolites and lesion size indicating that they may be involved or important for apple fruit decay.

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology published new progress about Antioxidants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Juan published the artcileUnravelling calcium-alleviated aluminium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana: Insights into regulatory mechanisms using proteomics, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Arabidopsis calcium aluminum toxicity proteomics; Aluminium toxicity; Calcium; Organic acid; Proteomics; Signal transduction; TCA cycle.

Here, the aim of this work was to study the role of exogenous Ca in alleviating Al toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. For that we used the methods of physiol. and proteomics. Results showed that Ca alleviated Al-induced growth inhibition and decreased Al accumulation. Proteomic analyses showed that 75 differentially expressed protein spots, including those related to organic acid metabolism, cell wall components, cellular transport, signal transduction and antioxidant activity, transcription and protein metabolism were identified during the response of Arabidopsis to Ca alleviated Al toxicity. Ca regulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related protein abundances and affected organic acid concentrations and related enzyme activities under Al stress. Vacuolar and mitochondrion ATP (ATP) synthase, and cell wall component-related proteins played important roles in Ca-alleviated Al toxicity. Ethylene-insensitive 3 participated in Ca-alleviated Al toxicity. Glutathione S-transferase (GST6) and glutathione S-transferase tau 19 were associated with antioxidant activities induced by Ca under Al stress. Our results may contribute to an understanding of the functional mechanism by which Ca alleviates Al stress in plants. Our results elucidated how Ca alleviate the effects of Al toxicity on the inhibition of plant growth and Al accumulation in plants using the proteomics and physiol. methods, which may contribute to a better understanding of the mol. mechanism of Ca alleviation Al stress in plants.

Journal of Proteomics published new progress about Antioxidants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Davidov, Tzila published the artcilePorcine arterial ECM hydrogel: Designing an in vitro angiogenesis model for long-term high-throughput research, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is angiogenesis porcine arterial ECM hydrogel; ECM hydrogel; angiogenesis; arterial ECM; in vitro model.

The field of angiogenesis research provides deep understanding regarding this important process, which plays fundamental roles in tissue development and different abnormalities. In vitro models offer the advantages of low-cost high-throughput research of angiogenesis while sparing animal lives, and enabling the use of human cells. Nevertheless, prevailing in vitro models lack stability and are limited to a few days’ assays. This study, therefore, examines the hypothesis that closely mimicking the vascular microenvironment can more reliably support longer angiogenesis processes in vitro. To this end, porcine arterial extracellular matrix (paECM)- a key component of blood vessels-was isolated and processed into a thermally induced hydrogel and characterized in terms of composition, structure, and mech. properties, thus confirming the preservation of important characteristics of arterial extracellular matrix. This unique hydrogel was further tailored into a three-dimensional model of angiogenesis using endothelial cells and supporting cells, in a configuration that allows high-throughput quant. anal. of cell viability and proliferation, cell migration, and apoptosis, thus revealing the advantages of paECM over frequently used biomaterials. Markedly, when applied with well-known effectors of angiogenesis, the model measures reflected the expected response, hence validating its efficacy and establishing its potential as a promising tool for the research of angiogenesis.

FASEB Journal published new progress about Angiogenesis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Schiffmann, L. M. published the artcileMitochondrial respiration controls neoangiogenesis during wound healing and tumour growth, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is mitochondrial respiration neoangiogenesis wound healing lung carcinoma melanoma.

Abstract: The vasculature represents a highly plastic compartment, capable of switching from a quiescent to an active proliferative state during angiogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming in endothelial cells (ECs) thereby is crucial to cover the increasing cellular energy demand under growth conditions. Here we assess the impact of mitochondrial bioenergetics on neovascularisation, by deleting cox10 gene encoding an assembly factor of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) specifically in mouse ECs, providing a model for vasculature-restricted respiratory deficiency. We show that EC-specific cox10 ablation results in deficient vascular development causing embryonic lethality. In adult mice induction of EC-specific cox10 gene deletion produces no overt phenotype. However, the angiogenic capacity of COX-deficient ECs is severely compromised under energetically demanding conditions, as revealed by significantly delayed wound-healing and impaired tumor growth. We provide genetic evidence for a requirement of mitochondrial respiration in vascular endothelial cells for neoangiogenesis during development, tissue repair and cancer.

Nature Communications published new progress about Angiogenesis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ferreira de Lima, Nayana published the artcileIn vitro metabolic stress induced by nitazoxanide and flubendazole combination in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Taenia crassiceps nitazoxanide flubendazole antiparasitic cysticercosis; Experimental cysticercosis; Flubendazole; Metabolism; Nitazoxanide.

Taenia crassiceps is often used as exptl. model for T. solium cysticercosis studies. Currently cysticercosis antiparasitic treatment is based on albendazole and praziquantel which may present side effects and parasitic resistance. The search for other antiparasitic drugs is necessary. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) and flubendazole (FLB) are broad spectrum antiparasitic drugs that present anti-cysticercosis effect. Metabolic analyses help to determine the impact of these drugs on parasites. The aim of this study was to determine the impact on the production and excretion of organic metabolites in T. crassiceps cysticerci after in vitro exposure to NTZ and FLB, isolated or in combination. T. crassiceps cysticerci were culture in RPMI medium and exposed to 10μg/mL of NTZ, 10μg/mL of FLB or 10μg/mL of NTZ +10μg/mL of FLB. 24 h after exposure, the parasites were chromatog. analyzed to determine the impact of these drugs on glycolysis, homolactic fermentation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acids oxidation and proteins catabolism. It was possible to determine that the drugs combination induced greater metabolic impact on cysticerci in comparison to the isolated drugs exposure. The drugs combination induced gluconeogenesis, metabolic acidosis, increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle and in proteins catabolism. While the NTZ isolated exposure induced metabolic acidosis and protein catabolism and the FLB isolate exposure induced gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism. These results show that the combination of drugs with different modes of action increase the antiparasitic effect and may be indicated as alternative cysticercosis treatments.

Experimental Parasitology published new progress about Cysticercosis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bird, Matthew J. published the artcileMeasuring rates of ATP synthesis, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is digitonin ATP mitochondria measuring rate; ATP synthesis; Bioenergetics; Mitochondria; Oxidative phosphorylation; Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS); β-oxidation.

Here, we offer you a high-throughput assay to measure the ATP synthesis capacity in cells or isolated mitochondria. More specifically, the assay is linked to the mitochondrial’ electron transport chain components of your interest being either through complex I (with or without a linkage to pyruvate dehydrogenase activity), through complex II, or through the electron transport flavoprotein and complex I (beta-oxidation of fatty acids).

Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Cell membrane. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Tong published the artcileHigh-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography-Based Method for Simultaneous Recovery and Separation of Natural Products from Deep Eutectic Solvent Extracts, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is natural product separation extraction deep eutectic solvent.

The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract natural products has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the recovery of extracted compounds and DES from DES extracts is still a barrier, which restricts the large-scale application of DESs. Here, we proposed a high-speed countercurrent chromatog. (HSCCC)-based method to recover extracted compounds and DES. As a proof of concept, the chrysanthemum DES extract was selected to verify the method. We first prepared a series of DES-based solvent systems and screened them based on their phys. and chem. properties. Only the system composed of choline chloride/L-malic acid, water, and Et acetate (1:1:1, volume/volume/v) was suitable. By using the solvent system for HSCCC separation, the target compounds and DES in the chrysanthemum DES extract were both successfully recovered with high recovery yields over 95%. Then, we investigated the reusability of the recovered DES and found that it could be repeatedly reused for three times without any performance deterioration. All these results indicated that the proposed method is feasible and efficient, which has great potential for application. Moreover, the method may also be used in other fields where the separation process is needed, such as organic synthesis, chem. separation, biosepn., and biotransformation. A simple and efficient method was developed for recycling deep eutectic solvents used in the natural product green extraction and separation process.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Chrysanthemum. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Feng, Li published the artcileA novel strategy based on targeted cellular metabolomics for quantitatively evaluating anti-aging effect and screening effective extracts of Erzhi Wan, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Erzhi wan antiaging targeted cellular metabolomics quant efficacy evaluation; Analytic hierarchy process; Quantitative effect evaluation; Receiver operating characteristic curve; Targeted cellular metabolomics; Traditional Chinese medicine.

The complexity of ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) makes it challenging to clarify its efficacy in an acceptable and scientific approach. The present study was aimed to use quantification results from targeted cellular metabolomics to evaluate anti-aging efficacy of a famous Chinese medicine formula, Erzhi Wan (EZW), and screen possible effective extracts, depending on the developed strategy integrating multivariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In this study, senescent NRK cells induced by D-galactose were treated with drug-containing serum of EZW and four kinds of extracts (petroleum ether, Et acetate, butanol and water). Intermediates of two major metabolic pathways for energy synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis, were accurately quantified by GC-MS/MS to identify discriminate metabolites for clarifying therapeutic mechanism of EZW based on multivariate statistical anal. Senescent and non-senescent cells were successfully distinguished using these metabolites by ROC curve anal. Next, these metabolites were used as evaluation indexes to quant. reflect different effect of EZW and its extracts, according to the role of them in distinguishing groups and in conjunction with AHP. In vitro detection of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was used to verify the reliability of evaluation results. The reversal after treatment of drug-containing serum of EZW and extracts was observed, and the petroleum ether extract might be the potential active extract responsible for the major anti-aging effect of EZW, which was in agreement with in vitro experiments Altogether, metabolomics was a powerful approach for evaluation efficacy and elucidation action mechanisms of TCM. The integrated evaluation strategy in this paper with properties of high practicality, feasibility and effectivity was expected to provide a new insight into comprehensive and quant. efficacy evaluation.

Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences published new progress about Chinese medicine. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts