Category: 97-67-6

Mackay, Amy D. published the artcileExercise, but Not Metformin Prevents Loss of Muscle Function Due to Doxorubicin in Mice Using an In Situ Method, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is doxorubicin metformin chemotherapy skeletal muscle function mitochondria; chemotherapy; exercise; metformin; mitochondria; muscle contractions; skeletal muscle.

Though effective in treating various types of cancer, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) is associated with skeletal muscle wasting and fatigue. The purpose of this study was to assess muscle function in situ following DOX administration in mice. Furthermore, pre-treatments with exercise (EX) or metformin (MET) were used in an attempt to preserve muscle function following DOX. Mice were assigned to the following groups: control, DOX, DOX + EX, or DOX + MET, and were given a single injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) or saline 3 days prior to sacrifice. Preceding the DOX injection, DOX + EX mice performed 60 min/day of running for 5 days, while DOX + MET mice received 5 daily oral doses of 500 mg/kg MET. Gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus complex function was assessed in situ via direct stimulation of the sciatic nerve. DOX treatment increased time to half-relaxation following contractions, indicating impaired recovery (p < 0.05). Interestingly, EX prevented any increase in half-relaxation time, while MET did not. An impaired relaxation rate was associated with a reduction in SERCA1 protein content (p = 0.07) and AMPK phosphorylation (p < 0.05). There were no differences between groups in force production or mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest that EX, but not MET may be an effective strategy for the prevention of muscle fatigue following DOX administration in mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Body weight. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lee, Pearl published the artcileTargeting glutamine metabolism slows soft tissue sarcoma growth, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is soft tissue sarcoma glutamine metabolomics sarcomagenesis glutaminase 1.

Abstract: Tumor cells frequently utilize glutamine to meet bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapid cell growth. However, glutamine dependence can be highly variable between in vitro and in vivo settings, based on surrounding microenvironments and complex adaptive responses to glutamine deprivation. Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are mesenchymal tumors where cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the primary approach for metastatic or unresectable disease. Therefore, it is critical to identify alternate therapies to improve patient outcomes. Using autochthonous STS murine models and unbiased metabolomics, we demonstrate that glutamine metabolism supports sarcomagenesis. STS subtypes expressing elevated glutaminase (GLS) levels are highly sensitive to glutamine starvation. In contrast to previous studies, treatment of autochthonous tumor-bearing animals with Telaglenastat (CB-839), an orally bioavailable GLS inhibitor, successfully inhibits undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) tumor growth. We reveal glutamine metabolism as critical for sarcomagenesis, with CB-839 exhibiting potent therapeutic potential.

Nature Communications published new progress about Body weight. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hao, Pengchao published the artcileAuxin-transporting ABC transporters are defined by a conserved D/E-P motif regulated by a prolylisomerase, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is Arabidopsis ABCB1 mutation auxin proline malate prolylisomerase protoplast; ABC transporter; ABCB; FKBP; PPIase; Twisted Dwarf1; auxin; auxin transport; membrane transport; plant biochemistry; post-transcriptional regulation.

The plant hormone auxin must be transported throughout plants in a cell-to-cell manner to affect its various physiol. functions. ABCB transporters are critical for this polar auxin distribution, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling their function is not fully understood. The auxin transport activity of ABCB1 was suggested to be regulated by a phys. interaction with FKBP42/Twisted Dwarf1 (TWD1), a peptidylprolyl cistrans isomerase (PPIase), but all attempts to demonstrate such a PPIase activity byTWD1 have failed so far. By using a structurebased approach, we identified several surface-exposed proline residues in the nucleotide binding domain and linker of Arabidopsis ABCB1, mutations of which do not alter ABCB1 protein stability or location but do affect its transport activity. P1008 is part of a conserved signature D/E-P motif that seems to be specific for auxin-transporting ABCBs, which we now refer to as ATAs. Mutation of the acidic residue also abolishes auxin transport activity by ABCB1. All higher plant ABCBs for which auxin transport has been conclusively proven carry this conserved motif, underlining its predictive potential. Introduction of this D/E-P motif into malate importer, ABCB14, increases both its malate and its background auxin transport activity, suggesting that this motif has an impact on transport capacity. The D/EP1008 motif is also important for ABCB1-TWD1 interactions and activation of ABCB1-mediated auxin transport by TWD1. In summary, our data imply a new function for TWD1 acting as a putative activator of ABCB-mediated auxin transport by cistrans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds.

Journal of Biological Chemistry published new progress about Arabidopsis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gondas, Eduard published the artcileExpression of pyruvate carboxylase in cultured human astrocytoma, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is pyruvatecarboxylase expression cultured astrocytoma glioblastoma neuroblastoma.

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, which possesses anaplerotic role in cellular metabolism The expression of PC was confirmed in cells of several cancer types, in which it ensures several cellular functions, such as growth and division. To investigate the expression of PC in human astrocytoma, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells we applied the immunodetection methods. The results of the Western blot anal. and immunocytochem. detection revealed the presence of PC in human astrocytoma, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, application of PC inhibitor, 3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxypropane (CDP), neg. impacts the viability of astrocytoma cells. The cytotoxic effect of CDP could be partially reversed by application of citrate, 2-oxoglutarate and malate in incubation media. Our results revealed that astrocytoma, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells are equipped with PC, which might significantly contribute by its anaplerotic activity to sustain the metabolism of cancer cells.

General Physiology and Biophysics published new progress about Astrocytoma. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Boyd, Anders published the artcileSerum tryptophan-derived quinolinate and indole-3-acetate are associated with carotid intima-media thickness and its evolution in hiv-infected treated adults, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is serum tryptophan quinolinate indole acetate carotid intima media thickness; HIV; antiretroviral; cardiovascular disease; carotid intima-media thickness; metabolomics; tryptophan metabolism.

Background. HIV-infected individuals undergoing effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) present an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We identified serum metabolites associated with carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and its evolution. Methods. One hundred forty-three hydrophilic serum metabolites were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatog. coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry in 49 HIV+ ART+, 48 HIV+ ART-naive and 50 HIV-neg., age-matched, never-smoking male triads. Metabolites differentially altered between groups (“”features””) were defined as having a Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P value <.05 from a t test and >0.25 log2 absolute mean fold change in metabolite levels. c-IMT was measured across 12 sites at inclusion in all individuals and at the carotid artery (cca) after a median of 5.1 years in 32 HIV+ ART+ individuals. The difference in c-IMT (cross-sectional anal.) and slope of cca-IMT regression/progression per yr (longitudinal anal.) for each log10 (area) increase in metabolite level were estimated with linear regression. Results. Compared with HIV-, metabolite features of HIV+ ART+ were increased N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine and decreased ferulate and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, whereas features of HIV+ ART-naive were increased malate, kynurenine, 2-oxoglutarate, and indole-3-acetate and decreased succinate and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. In HIV+ ART+ individuals, quinolinate and/or indole-3-acetate were pos. associated with c-IMT (P < .03), cca-IMT (P < .03), and cca-IMT progression (P < .008). These associations were not observed in HIV+ ART-naive or HIV-neg. individuals. In HIV+ ART+ individuals, the metabolites xanthosine and uridine, from nucleotide metabolism, and g-butyrobetaine, from lysine/dietary choline degradation, were also pos. or neg. associated with c-IMT and/or cca-IMT (all P < .01), but not its evolution. Conclusions. In these highly selected HIV-pos. ART-controlled males, 2 novel metabolites derived from tryptophan catabolism, indole-3-acetate and quinolinate, were associated with c-IMT and its progression. Open Forum Infectious Diseases published new progress about Blood serum. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qin, Junhao published the artcileArsenic in leafy vegetable plants grown on mine water-contaminated soils: Uptake, human health risk and remedial effects of biochar, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is arsenic vegetable health risk mine contaminated soil biochar remediation; Acidic mine water; Arsenic; Biochar; Human health risk; Leafy vegetable.

Field investigation and microcosm experiment were conducted to examine the uptake of arsenic by vegetable plants grown on the soils contaminated by acidic mine water and evaluate the human health risk from consuming the vegetables. Plant uptake of arsenic was related to the ratio of phosphorus to arsenic in soil solution for the same vegetable species. Bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) of arsenic was highly variable amongst the different vegetable species with water spinach (white stem) and sweet potato leaf being identified as major vegetable species with high BAC. There was a reasonably good relationship between the gastric phase-bioaccessible arsenic and the gastrointestinal phase-bioaccessible arsenic. Consumption of the vegetables grown in the investigated area poses a significantly potential human health risk with a hazard quotient (HQ) of 2.7. Application of biochar significantly inhibited the uptake of arsenic by the vegetable plant due to protonation of biochar surfaces under acidic conditions, which favored adsorption of arsenic. The bioaccessibity of arsenic in the edible part of vegetable was also reduced due to biochar application. The HQ of the test vegetable plant (Gynura cusimbua) after soil amendment by biochar was reduced to 2 from 6 for the unamended soil.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about Allium cepa. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ouyang, Guanghui published the artcileSelf-assembly of chiral supra-amphiphiles, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is review amphiphile self assembly chiral catalysis.

Supra-amphiphiles provide a brand-new powerful strategy for the construction of functional materials and have shown fascinating prospects in a variety of fields. When merged with chirality science, the concept of chiral supra-amphiphiles arises, which is an important subclass of supra-amphiphiles. In this review, we have provided a general introduction to the concept and design principle of chiral supra-amphiphiles as well as their self-assemblies. We have also highlighted some progress of chiral supra-amphiphiles in several application fields, such as chiroptical switches, chiral recognition, chiral catalysis and chiral luminescent soft materials. Although some elegant reviews have comprehensively looked back at the development and achievement of supra-amphiphiles, their research progress in chirality science has not been well summarized. We hope this review will provide useful guidance and understanding of self-assembly of chiral supra-amphiphiles, which we believe will benefit scientists in both colloidal chem. and chirality science.

Materials Chemistry Frontiers published new progress about Amphiphiles. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Boel, Melanie published the artcileDoes high mitochondrial efficiency carry an oxidative cost The case of the African pygmy mouse (Mus mattheyi), HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Mus mitochondrial respiratory H2O2 oxygen; Bioenergetics; Free electron leak; Mammals; Mitochondria; Oxidative phosphorylation; Reactive oxygen species; Skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle mitochondria of the African pygmy mouse Mus mattheyi exhibit markedly reduced oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates but a higher mitochondrial efficiency than what would be expected from allometric trends. In the present study, we assessed whether such reduction of mitochondrial activity in M. mattheyi can limit the oxidative stress associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We conducted a comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release, and electron leak (%H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from the extremely small African pygmy mouse (M. mattheyi, � g) and Mus musculus, which is a larger Mus species (�5 g). Mitochondria were energized with pyruvate, malate, and succinate, after which fluxes were measured at different steady-state rates of oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, M. mattheyi exhibited lower oxidative activity and higher electron leak than M. musculus, while the H2O2 release did not differ significantly between these two Mus species. We further found that the high coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondria from M. mattheyi was associated with high electron leak. Nevertheless, data also show that, despite the higher electron leak, the lower mitochondrial respiratory capacity of M. mattheyi limits the cost of a net increase in H2O2 release, which is lower than that expected for a mammals of this size.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology published new progress about Mitochondria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tardo-Dino, Pierre-Emmanuel published the artcileThe effect of a physiological increase in temperature on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in rat myofibers, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is carnitine malate GTP myofiber temperature mitochondria fatty acid oxidation; fatty acid; heat; mitochondrial uncoupling; oxidative stress; skeletal muscle.

We investigated the effect of temperature increase on mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) and carbohydrate oxidation in the slow-oxidative skeletal muscles (soleus) of rats. We measured mitochondrial respiration at 35°C and 40°C with the physiol. substrates pyruvate + 4 mM malate (Pyr) and palmitoyl-CoA (PCoA) + 0.5 mM malate + 2 mM carnitine in permeabilized myofibers under nonphosphorylating (V0) or phosphorylating (Vmax) conditions. Mitochondrial efficiency was calculated by the respiratory control ratio (RCR = Vmax/V0). We used guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an inhibitor of uncoupling protein (UCP), to study the mechanisms responsible for alterations of mitochondrial efficiency. We measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production under nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating conditions at both temperatures and substrates. We studied citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyl acyl CoA dehydrogenase (3-HAD) activities at both temperatures Elevating the temperature from 35°C to 40°C increased PCoA-V0 and decreased PCoA-RCR, corresponding to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). GTP blocked the heat-induced increase of PCoA-V0. Rising temperature moved toward a Pyr-V0 increase, without significance. Heat did not alter H2O2 production, resulting from either PCoA or Pyr oxidation Heat induced an increase in 3-HAD but not in CS activities. In conclusion, heat induced OXPHOS uncoupling for PCoA oxidation, which was at least partially mediated by UCP and independent of oxidative stress. The classically described heat-induced glucose shift may actually be mostly due to a less efficient FA oxidation These findings raise questions concerning the consequences of heat-induced alterations in mitochondrial efficiency of FA metabolism on thermoregulation.

Journal of Applied Physiology published new progress about Mitochondria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bruschi, Maurizio published the artcileDifferential expression of the five redox complexes in the retinal mitochondria or rod outer segment disks is consistent with their different functionality, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is retinal mitochondria redox complex rod outer segment; F1Fo ATP synthase; Orbitrap Velos; aerobic metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation; rod outer segment.

The retinal rod outer segment (OS) disk membranes, devoid of mitochondria, conducts oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This study aimed at identifying which proteins expressed in the retinal rod OS disks determined the considerable adenosine-5′-triphosphate production and oxygen consumption observed in comparison with retinal mitochondria. Characterization was conducted by immunogold transmission electron microscopy on retinal sections. OxPhos was studied by oximetry and luminometry. The proteomes of OS disks and mitochondria purified from bovine retinas were studied by mass spectrometry. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted by univariate, multivariate, and machine learning methods. Weighted gene coexpression network anal. identified two protein expression profile modules functionally associated with either retinal mitochondria or disk samples, in function of a strikingly different ability of each sample to utilized diverse substrate for F1Fo-ATP synthase. The OS disk proteins correlated better than mitochondria with the tricarboxylic acids cycle and OxPhos proteins. The differential enrichment of the expression profile of the OxPhos proteins in the disks vs. mitochondria suggests that these proteins may represent a true proteome component of the former, with different functionality. These findings may shed new light on the pathogenesis of rod-driven retinal degenerative diseases.

FASEB BioAdvances published new progress about Mitochondria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts